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Antioxidant Effects of Bioactive Components of Kefir

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 23 - 34, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.48138/cjo.1486320

Abstract

Kefir is a fermented milk product with a high nutritional value and a unique taste and aroma that supports health, whose popularity has spread around the world today. Our aim in this study was to investigate which active ingredients in kefir have antioxidative effects in terms of directly or indirectly reducing the effects of free radicals by conducting a detailed biochemical investigation of the existing information about the antioxidant effects of kefir. By using the PubMed database, the keywords "kefir, probiotic, oxidative stress, antioxidant" were used to access the relevant articles without time restrictions. In the study, it can be said that the antioxidant effect of kefir is to neutralize the reactive oxygen species in the plasma and to reduce the stress responses by increasing the antioxidant enzyme levels.

References

  • Abdel-mogheith, S., & El-gendy, A. (2017). Exploring the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective effects of kefir; a probiotic fermented milk. J. Pure Appl. Microbiol, 11, 759–772
  • Albuquerque Pereira, M. D. F., Matias Albuini, F., & Gouveia Peluzio, M. D. C. (2024). Anti-inflammatory pathways of kefir in murine model: a systematic review. Nutrition reviews, 82(2), 210-227.
  • Ali, O. S. M., Amin, N. E. D., Abdel Fattah, S. M., & Abd El-Rahman, O. (2020). Ameliorative effect of kefir against γ-irradiation induced liver injury in male rats: Impact on oxidative stress and inflammation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 35161-35173.
  • Alsayadi, M., Al Jawfi, Y., Belarbi, M., & Sabri, F. Z. (2013). Antioxidant potency of water kefir. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2(6), 2444-2447.
  • Anonim, 2009. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Fermente Süt Ürünleri Tebliği. Sayı: 27143, Tebliğ No:2009/25.
  • Bessa, M. K., Bessa, G. R., & Bonamigo, R. R. (2023). Kefir as a therapeutic agent in clinical research: a scoping review. Nutrition Research Reviews, 1-42.
  • Bifari, F., & Nisoli, E. (2017). Branched‐chain amino acids differently modulate catabolic and anabolic states in mammals: a pharmacological point of view. British journal of pharmacology, 174(11), 1366-1377.
  • Blasche, S., Kim, Y., Mars, RA, Machado, D., Maansson, M., Kafkia, E., Patil, KR (2021). Kefir mikrobiyal topluluğunda metabolik işbirliği ve uzay-zamansal niş bölünmesi. Doğa Mikrobiyolojisi, 6 (2), 196-208.
  • Bourrie, B. C., Forgie, A. J., Makarowski, A., Cotter, P. D., Richard, C., & Willing, B.P. (2023). Consumption of kefir made with traditional microorganisms resulted in greater improvements in LDL cholesterol and plasma markers of inflammation in males when compared to a commercial kefir: a randomized pilot study. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 48(9), 668-677.
  • Chen, H. L., Hung, K. F., Yen, C. C., Laio, C. H., Wang, J. L., Lan, Y. W., ... & Chen, C. M. (2019). Kefir peptides alleviate particulate matter< 4 μm (PM4. 0)-induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway using luciferase transgenic mice. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 11529.
  • Choi, J. W., Kang, H. W., Lim, W. C., Kim, M. K., Lee, I. Y., & Cho, H. Y. (2017). Kefir prevented excess fat accumulation in diet-induced obese mice. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 81(5), 958-965.
  • Daniells, S. (2006). Probiotics could help stress-induced gut problems. NUTRAingredientsusa. com, April, 25.
  • Ebner, J., Arslan, A. A., Fedorova, M., Hoffmann, R., Küçükçetin, A., & Pischetsrieder, M. (2015). Peptide profiling of bovine kefir reveals 236 unique peptides released from caseins during its production by starter culture or kefir grains. Journal of proteomics, 117, 41-57.
  • Elias R., Raheb M., Istasy M., Mekhaiel D., Sidhu G., Warren D., Cernovsky Z., Sadek G. (2019). Knowledge of cannabinoids among patients, physicians, and pharmacists. Archives of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2(1): p. 25-28.
  • Eroğlu, F. E., & Sanlier, N. (2023). Effect of fermented foods on some neurological diseases, microbiota, behaviors: mini review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(26), 8066-8082.
  • Fahmy, H. A., & Ismail, A. F. (2015). Gastroprotective effect of kefir on ulcer induced in irradiated rats. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 144, 85-93.
  • Farag, M. A., Jomaa, S. A., Abd El-Wahed, A., & R. El-Seedi, H. (2020). The many faces of kefir fermented dairy products: Quality characteristics, flavour chemistry, nutritional value, health benefits, and safety. Nutrients, 12(2), 346.
  • Farnworth, E. R. (2006). Kefir–a complex probiotic. Food Science and Technology Bulletin: Fu, 2(1), 1-17. Ghoneum M, Gimzewski J. Apoptotic effect of a novel kefir product, PFT, on multidrug-resistant myeloid leukemia cells via a hole-piercing mechanism. Int J Oncol. 2014;44(3):830-7.
  • Ghoneum, M., Abdulmalek, S., & Pan, D. (2020). Reversal of age-associated oxidative stress in mice by PFT, a novel kefir product. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 34, 2058738420950149. Ghoneum, M., Abdulmalek, S., & Pan, D. (2020). Reversal of age-associated oxidative stress in mice by PFT, a novel kefir product. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 34, 2058738420950149. Gürel, D. B., Ildız, M., Sabancı, S., Koca, N., Çağındı, Ö., & İçier, F. (2021). İnek ve Keçi Sütleri Kullanımının Kefirin Antioksidan, Reolojik ve Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(1), 7-14.
  • Güven, A., & Alkış, K. (2018). Hiperkolesterolemi Oluşturulmuş Farelerde Kefir Ve Simvastatin Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Caucasian Journal of Science, 5(2), 11-16.
  • Güven, A., & Güven, A. (2005). Hiperkolesterolemi oluşturulmuş tavşanlarda kefirin total kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL-kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol ve lipit peroksidasyonu üzerine etkisi. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 127-131.
  • Güven, A., Deveci, H. A., & Nur, G. (2021). The importance of kefir in healthy nutrition: Antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic effect. Theory, Current Researches and New Trends/2021, 1.
  • Güven, A., Güven, A., & Gülmez, M. (2003). The effect of kefir on the activities of GSH‐Px, GST, CAT, GSH and LPO levels in carbon tetrachloride‐induced mice tissues. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 50(8), 412-416.
  • Kesenkaş, H. A. R. U. N. (2011). Antioxidant properties of kefir produced from different cow and soy milk mixtures. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(3), 253-259.
  • Kim, D., Chon, J., Kim, H., & Seo, K. (2015). Modulation of intestinal microbiota in mice by kefir administration. Food Science Biotechnology, 24, 1397–1403.
  • Koohian, F., Shahbazi-Gahrouei, D., Koohiyan, M., & Shanei, A. (2021). The Radioprotective Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Kefir against Genotoxicity Induced by Exposure in Mice Blood Lymphocytes. Nutrition and Cancer, 73(3), 534-540
  • Leite, A. M., Miguel, M. A. L., Peixoto, R. S., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Paschoalin, V. M. F., Mayo, B., & Delgado, S. (2015). Probiotic potential of selected lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from Brazilian kefir grains. Journal of dairy science, 98(6), 3622-3632.
  • Lin, C. W., Chen, H. L., & Liu, J. R. (1999). Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir grains in Taiwan. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology (54), 14-18.
  • Liu, J. R., Wang, S. Y., Chen, M. J., Chen, H. L., Yueh, P. Y., & Lin, C. W. (2006). Hypocholesterolaemic effects of milk-kefir and soyamilk-kefir in cholesterol-fed hamsters. British journal of nutrition, 95(5), 939-946.
  • Lopitz-Otsoa, F., Rementeria, A., & Elguezabal, N. (2006). Kefir: A symbiotic yeast-bacteria community with alleged healthy capabilities. Revista Iberomericana de Micologia (23), 63-74
  • Marco, M. L., Heeney, D., Binda, S., Cifelli, C. J., Cotter, P. D., Foligné, B., ... & Hutkins, R. (2017). Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota and beyond. Current opinion in biotechnology, 44, 94-102.
  • McCue, P. P., & Shetty, K. (2005). Phenolic antioxidant mobilization during yogurt production from soymilk using Kefir cultures. Process Biochemistry, 40(5), 1791-1797.
  • Nurliyani, N., Sadewa, A. H., & Sunarti, S. (2015). Kefir properties prepared with goat milk and black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract and its influence on the improvement of pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats.
  • Pepe, G., Tenore, G. C., Mastrocinque, R., Stusio, P., & Campiglia, P. (2013). Potential anticarcinogenic peptides from bovine milk. Journal of Amino Acids, 2013.
  • Radhouani, H., Gonçalves, C., Maia, F. R., Oliveira, J. M., & Reis, R. L. (2018). Biological performance of a promising Kefiran-biopolymer with potential in regenerative medicine applications: A comparative study with hyaluronic acid. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 29, 1-10.
  • Reham, S. H., Ashwag, S., Mohamed, A. A., Zakiah, N. A., Afrah, E. M., & Mashael, M. B.-M. (2021). Kefir: A Protective Dietary Supplementation Against Viral Infection. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 133, 110974 1- 9.
  • Rosa, D. D., Dias, M. M., Grzeskowiak, L. M., Reis, S. A., Conceicao, L. L., & Peluzio, M. C. (2017). Milk kefir: nutritional, microbiological and bealth benefits. Nutrition Research Reviews (30), 82-96
  • Sabokbar, N., Khodaiyan, F., & Moosavi-Nasab, M. (2015). Optimization of processing conditions to improve antioxidant activities of apple juice and whey based novel beverage fermented by kefir grains. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52, 3422-3432.
  • Sadewa, A. H. (2015). Kefir properties prepared with goat milk and black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract and its influence on the improvement of pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 727-735.
  • Salari, A., Hashemi, M., & Afshari, A. (2022). Functional properties of kefiran in the medical field and food industry. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 23(3), 388-395.
  • Satir, G., & Guzel-Seydim, Z. B. (2015). Influence of Kefir fermentation on the bioactive substances of different breed goat milks. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 63(2), 852-858.
  • Setyowati, H. (2016). Kefir: a new role as nutraceuticals. JKKI: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 200-209.
  • Sirirat, D., & Jelena, P. (2010). Bacterial inhibition and antioxidant activity of kefir produced from Thai jasmine rice milk. Biotechnology, 9(3), 332-337.
  • Sun, Y., Geng, W., Pan, Y., Wang, J., Xiao, P., & Wang, Y. (2019). Supplementation with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3 from Tibetan Kefir improves depression-like behavior in stressed mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Food & function, 10(2), 925-937.
  • Tang, W., Xing, Z., Li, C., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2017). Molecular mechanisms and in vitro antioxidant effects of lactobacillus plantarum ma2. Food Chemistry, 221, 1642–1649
  • Weber, I., Woolhiser, E., Keime, N., Wasvary, M., Adelman, M. J., Sivesind, T. E., & Dellavalle, R. P. (2023). Clinical Efficacy of Nutritional Supplements in Atopic Dermatitis: Systematic Review. JMIR dermatology, 6(1), e40857.
  • Yamane, T., Sakamoto, T., Nakagaki, T., & Nakano, Y. (2018). Lactic acid bacteria from kefir increase cytotoxicity of natural killer cells to tumor cells. Foods, 7,48.
  • Yamane, T., Sakamoto, T., Nakagaki, T., & Nakano, Y. (2018). Lactic acid bacteria from kefir increase cytotoxicity of natural killer cells to tumor cells. Foods, 7,48.
  • Yilmaz-Ersan, L., Ozcan, T., Akpinar-Bayizit, A., & Sahin, S. (2018). Comparison of antioxidant capacity of cow and ewe milk kefirs. Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 3788–3798.

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 23 - 34, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.48138/cjo.1486320

Abstract

References

  • Abdel-mogheith, S., & El-gendy, A. (2017). Exploring the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective effects of kefir; a probiotic fermented milk. J. Pure Appl. Microbiol, 11, 759–772
  • Albuquerque Pereira, M. D. F., Matias Albuini, F., & Gouveia Peluzio, M. D. C. (2024). Anti-inflammatory pathways of kefir in murine model: a systematic review. Nutrition reviews, 82(2), 210-227.
  • Ali, O. S. M., Amin, N. E. D., Abdel Fattah, S. M., & Abd El-Rahman, O. (2020). Ameliorative effect of kefir against γ-irradiation induced liver injury in male rats: Impact on oxidative stress and inflammation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 35161-35173.
  • Alsayadi, M., Al Jawfi, Y., Belarbi, M., & Sabri, F. Z. (2013). Antioxidant potency of water kefir. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2(6), 2444-2447.
  • Anonim, 2009. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Fermente Süt Ürünleri Tebliği. Sayı: 27143, Tebliğ No:2009/25.
  • Bessa, M. K., Bessa, G. R., & Bonamigo, R. R. (2023). Kefir as a therapeutic agent in clinical research: a scoping review. Nutrition Research Reviews, 1-42.
  • Bifari, F., & Nisoli, E. (2017). Branched‐chain amino acids differently modulate catabolic and anabolic states in mammals: a pharmacological point of view. British journal of pharmacology, 174(11), 1366-1377.
  • Blasche, S., Kim, Y., Mars, RA, Machado, D., Maansson, M., Kafkia, E., Patil, KR (2021). Kefir mikrobiyal topluluğunda metabolik işbirliği ve uzay-zamansal niş bölünmesi. Doğa Mikrobiyolojisi, 6 (2), 196-208.
  • Bourrie, B. C., Forgie, A. J., Makarowski, A., Cotter, P. D., Richard, C., & Willing, B.P. (2023). Consumption of kefir made with traditional microorganisms resulted in greater improvements in LDL cholesterol and plasma markers of inflammation in males when compared to a commercial kefir: a randomized pilot study. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 48(9), 668-677.
  • Chen, H. L., Hung, K. F., Yen, C. C., Laio, C. H., Wang, J. L., Lan, Y. W., ... & Chen, C. M. (2019). Kefir peptides alleviate particulate matter< 4 μm (PM4. 0)-induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway using luciferase transgenic mice. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 11529.
  • Choi, J. W., Kang, H. W., Lim, W. C., Kim, M. K., Lee, I. Y., & Cho, H. Y. (2017). Kefir prevented excess fat accumulation in diet-induced obese mice. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 81(5), 958-965.
  • Daniells, S. (2006). Probiotics could help stress-induced gut problems. NUTRAingredientsusa. com, April, 25.
  • Ebner, J., Arslan, A. A., Fedorova, M., Hoffmann, R., Küçükçetin, A., & Pischetsrieder, M. (2015). Peptide profiling of bovine kefir reveals 236 unique peptides released from caseins during its production by starter culture or kefir grains. Journal of proteomics, 117, 41-57.
  • Elias R., Raheb M., Istasy M., Mekhaiel D., Sidhu G., Warren D., Cernovsky Z., Sadek G. (2019). Knowledge of cannabinoids among patients, physicians, and pharmacists. Archives of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2(1): p. 25-28.
  • Eroğlu, F. E., & Sanlier, N. (2023). Effect of fermented foods on some neurological diseases, microbiota, behaviors: mini review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(26), 8066-8082.
  • Fahmy, H. A., & Ismail, A. F. (2015). Gastroprotective effect of kefir on ulcer induced in irradiated rats. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 144, 85-93.
  • Farag, M. A., Jomaa, S. A., Abd El-Wahed, A., & R. El-Seedi, H. (2020). The many faces of kefir fermented dairy products: Quality characteristics, flavour chemistry, nutritional value, health benefits, and safety. Nutrients, 12(2), 346.
  • Farnworth, E. R. (2006). Kefir–a complex probiotic. Food Science and Technology Bulletin: Fu, 2(1), 1-17. Ghoneum M, Gimzewski J. Apoptotic effect of a novel kefir product, PFT, on multidrug-resistant myeloid leukemia cells via a hole-piercing mechanism. Int J Oncol. 2014;44(3):830-7.
  • Ghoneum, M., Abdulmalek, S., & Pan, D. (2020). Reversal of age-associated oxidative stress in mice by PFT, a novel kefir product. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 34, 2058738420950149. Ghoneum, M., Abdulmalek, S., & Pan, D. (2020). Reversal of age-associated oxidative stress in mice by PFT, a novel kefir product. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 34, 2058738420950149. Gürel, D. B., Ildız, M., Sabancı, S., Koca, N., Çağındı, Ö., & İçier, F. (2021). İnek ve Keçi Sütleri Kullanımının Kefirin Antioksidan, Reolojik ve Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(1), 7-14.
  • Güven, A., & Alkış, K. (2018). Hiperkolesterolemi Oluşturulmuş Farelerde Kefir Ve Simvastatin Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Caucasian Journal of Science, 5(2), 11-16.
  • Güven, A., & Güven, A. (2005). Hiperkolesterolemi oluşturulmuş tavşanlarda kefirin total kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL-kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol ve lipit peroksidasyonu üzerine etkisi. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 127-131.
  • Güven, A., Deveci, H. A., & Nur, G. (2021). The importance of kefir in healthy nutrition: Antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic effect. Theory, Current Researches and New Trends/2021, 1.
  • Güven, A., Güven, A., & Gülmez, M. (2003). The effect of kefir on the activities of GSH‐Px, GST, CAT, GSH and LPO levels in carbon tetrachloride‐induced mice tissues. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 50(8), 412-416.
  • Kesenkaş, H. A. R. U. N. (2011). Antioxidant properties of kefir produced from different cow and soy milk mixtures. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(3), 253-259.
  • Kim, D., Chon, J., Kim, H., & Seo, K. (2015). Modulation of intestinal microbiota in mice by kefir administration. Food Science Biotechnology, 24, 1397–1403.
  • Koohian, F., Shahbazi-Gahrouei, D., Koohiyan, M., & Shanei, A. (2021). The Radioprotective Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Kefir against Genotoxicity Induced by Exposure in Mice Blood Lymphocytes. Nutrition and Cancer, 73(3), 534-540
  • Leite, A. M., Miguel, M. A. L., Peixoto, R. S., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Paschoalin, V. M. F., Mayo, B., & Delgado, S. (2015). Probiotic potential of selected lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from Brazilian kefir grains. Journal of dairy science, 98(6), 3622-3632.
  • Lin, C. W., Chen, H. L., & Liu, J. R. (1999). Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir grains in Taiwan. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology (54), 14-18.
  • Liu, J. R., Wang, S. Y., Chen, M. J., Chen, H. L., Yueh, P. Y., & Lin, C. W. (2006). Hypocholesterolaemic effects of milk-kefir and soyamilk-kefir in cholesterol-fed hamsters. British journal of nutrition, 95(5), 939-946.
  • Lopitz-Otsoa, F., Rementeria, A., & Elguezabal, N. (2006). Kefir: A symbiotic yeast-bacteria community with alleged healthy capabilities. Revista Iberomericana de Micologia (23), 63-74
  • Marco, M. L., Heeney, D., Binda, S., Cifelli, C. J., Cotter, P. D., Foligné, B., ... & Hutkins, R. (2017). Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota and beyond. Current opinion in biotechnology, 44, 94-102.
  • McCue, P. P., & Shetty, K. (2005). Phenolic antioxidant mobilization during yogurt production from soymilk using Kefir cultures. Process Biochemistry, 40(5), 1791-1797.
  • Nurliyani, N., Sadewa, A. H., & Sunarti, S. (2015). Kefir properties prepared with goat milk and black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract and its influence on the improvement of pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats.
  • Pepe, G., Tenore, G. C., Mastrocinque, R., Stusio, P., & Campiglia, P. (2013). Potential anticarcinogenic peptides from bovine milk. Journal of Amino Acids, 2013.
  • Radhouani, H., Gonçalves, C., Maia, F. R., Oliveira, J. M., & Reis, R. L. (2018). Biological performance of a promising Kefiran-biopolymer with potential in regenerative medicine applications: A comparative study with hyaluronic acid. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 29, 1-10.
  • Reham, S. H., Ashwag, S., Mohamed, A. A., Zakiah, N. A., Afrah, E. M., & Mashael, M. B.-M. (2021). Kefir: A Protective Dietary Supplementation Against Viral Infection. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 133, 110974 1- 9.
  • Rosa, D. D., Dias, M. M., Grzeskowiak, L. M., Reis, S. A., Conceicao, L. L., & Peluzio, M. C. (2017). Milk kefir: nutritional, microbiological and bealth benefits. Nutrition Research Reviews (30), 82-96
  • Sabokbar, N., Khodaiyan, F., & Moosavi-Nasab, M. (2015). Optimization of processing conditions to improve antioxidant activities of apple juice and whey based novel beverage fermented by kefir grains. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52, 3422-3432.
  • Sadewa, A. H. (2015). Kefir properties prepared with goat milk and black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract and its influence on the improvement of pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 727-735.
  • Salari, A., Hashemi, M., & Afshari, A. (2022). Functional properties of kefiran in the medical field and food industry. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 23(3), 388-395.
  • Satir, G., & Guzel-Seydim, Z. B. (2015). Influence of Kefir fermentation on the bioactive substances of different breed goat milks. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 63(2), 852-858.
  • Setyowati, H. (2016). Kefir: a new role as nutraceuticals. JKKI: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 200-209.
  • Sirirat, D., & Jelena, P. (2010). Bacterial inhibition and antioxidant activity of kefir produced from Thai jasmine rice milk. Biotechnology, 9(3), 332-337.
  • Sun, Y., Geng, W., Pan, Y., Wang, J., Xiao, P., & Wang, Y. (2019). Supplementation with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3 from Tibetan Kefir improves depression-like behavior in stressed mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Food & function, 10(2), 925-937.
  • Tang, W., Xing, Z., Li, C., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2017). Molecular mechanisms and in vitro antioxidant effects of lactobacillus plantarum ma2. Food Chemistry, 221, 1642–1649
  • Weber, I., Woolhiser, E., Keime, N., Wasvary, M., Adelman, M. J., Sivesind, T. E., & Dellavalle, R. P. (2023). Clinical Efficacy of Nutritional Supplements in Atopic Dermatitis: Systematic Review. JMIR dermatology, 6(1), e40857.
  • Yamane, T., Sakamoto, T., Nakagaki, T., & Nakano, Y. (2018). Lactic acid bacteria from kefir increase cytotoxicity of natural killer cells to tumor cells. Foods, 7,48.
  • Yamane, T., Sakamoto, T., Nakagaki, T., & Nakano, Y. (2018). Lactic acid bacteria from kefir increase cytotoxicity of natural killer cells to tumor cells. Foods, 7,48.
  • Yilmaz-Ersan, L., Ozcan, T., Akpinar-Bayizit, A., & Sahin, S. (2018). Comparison of antioxidant capacity of cow and ewe milk kefirs. Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 3788–3798.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aysel Güven 0000-0001-7511-7105

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date May 18, 2024
Acceptance Date June 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Güven, A. (2025). Antioxidant Effects of Bioactive Components of Kefir. Caucasian Journal of Science, 12(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.48138/cjo.1486320

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