Cervical Cancer: An Overview

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide, despite its preventability. It develops over many years as a result of persistent infection of high-risk HPV types in the presence of risk factors. In developed countries where vaccination and screening programs against HPV are implemented, its incidence has decreased at a high rate. 90% of cases occur in underdeveloped and developing countries. When persistent HPV infection progresses and cannot be destroyed by the immune system, precancerous lesions occur. Screening should be performed at regular intervals to prevent precancerous lesions from turning into invasive cancer. When cervical cancer is diagnosed, the appropriate treatment method is determined by staging. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatments for cervical cancer. This review, it is aimed to provide general information about cervical cancer.

Keywords

• cancer
• cervix
• hpv
• cervical intraepithelial lesion
• squamous intraepithelial neoplasia

Servikal kanser: Genel bakış

Abstract

Servikal kanser tüm önlenebilirliğine rağmen dünya çapında kadınlarda en sık teşhis edilen 4. kanser türüdür. Risk faktörleri varlığında ve yüksek riskli HPV tiplerinin kalıcı enfeksiyonu sonucunda uzun yıllar içinde gelişmektedir. HPV’ye karşı, aşı ve tarama programlarının uygulandığı gelişmiş ülkelerde insidansı yüksek oranda azalmıştır. Vakaların %90’ı gelişmemiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde görülmektedir. Kalıcı HPV enfeksiyonu ilerlediğinde ve immün sistem tarafından yok edilemediğinde kanser öncesi lezyonlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kanser öncesi lezyonların invaziv kansere dönüşmesini engellemek için belirli aralıklarla tarama testleri yapılmalıdır. Servikal kanser teşhisi konulduğunda, evreleme yapılarak uygun tedavi yöntemi belirlenir. Cerrahi operasyon, kemoterapi ve radyoterapi servikal kanserin en yaygın tedavi yöntemleridir. Bu derlemede servikal kanserle ilgili genel bir bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Kanser
• serviks
• hpv
• servikal intraepitelyal lezyon
• skuamöz intraepitelyal neoplazi

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