Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi (KKKA): Genel Bakış

Abstract

Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi, Nairoviridae familyası Orthonairovirus genusundan Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi virüsünün neden olduğu, ateş ve kanama ile karakterize zoonotik bir hastalıktır. Virüsün insanlara bulaşması, hastalık epidemiyolojisinde önemli rol oynayan özellikle Hyalomma cinsi kenelerin tutunmasıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Ayrıca viremik dönemde hayvanların doku ve salgıları, akut hastalık döneminde ise insanların kan ve vücut sıvıları ile bulaşma olabilmektedir. İnkubasyon süresi virüsün giriş yoluna, alınan virüs miktarına ve konağın bağışıklığına bağlı olarak değişir. Hastalık süresince; ani başlayan baş ağrısı, ateş, kas ağrısı, eklem ağrısı, halsizlik, ishal, karın ağrısı, bulantı ve kusma görülmektedir. Klinik seyri ağır olan hastalarda tabloya kanama eklenebilir. Ölüm oranı %30’a kadar çıkabilmektedir. Ülkemizde ilk olarak 2003 yılında kesin tanısı konmuş olan hastalıkta, özellikle endemik bölgelerde yaşayanların korunma konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi, kenelerle mücadele ve böylelikle virüsle temasın önlenmesi korunma açısından en önemli faktörlerdir. Mevcut derlemede Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi hastalığı ile ilgili genel bir bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi
• zoonotik
• Hyalomma
• kene kaynaklı hastalıklar

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF): An Overview

Abstract

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a zoonotic disease characterized by fever and bleeding, caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus from the Orthonairovirus genus of Nairoviridae family. The virus is transmitted to human beings by attachment of ticks of the genus particularly Hyalomma which play an important role in disease epidemiology. In addition, the virus can be transmitted by tissues and secretions of animals in viremic period and by blood and body fluids of people in acute disease period. The incubation period varies depending on the virus entry route, the amount of virus ingested and the immunity of the host. Sudden onset of headache, fever, myalgia, arthralgia, weakness, diarrhea, gastralgia, nausea and vomiting is observed during the disease. Bleeding can be added to the table in patients with a severe clinical course. Mortality rate can reach 30%. The most important factors in terms of protection for the disease which was first diagnosed in our country in 2003 are raising awareness about prevention especially among those living in endemic areas, fighting ticks and thus preventing contact with the virus. It is aimed to give general information about the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the current review.

Keywords

• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
• zoonotic
• Hyalomma
• tick-borne diseases

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