Investigation of the Electrochemical Behavior of Glucose with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and o-BBV Modified Electrodes

Abstract

Glucose is one of the leading causes of serious chronic diseases that negatively impact human health. Although enzymatic glucose sensors are widely used to determine glucose levels, the enzymes' high sensitivity to pH changes, poor thermal stability, and sensitivity to active substances limit the lifespan of such biosensors. Therefore, the need for new enzyme-free and highly selective sensor systems is increasing day by day. In this study, the potential use of carbon-based nanomaterials and orto-boronic acid linked viologen (o-BBV)-modified electrodes containing boronic acid derivatives in non-enzymatic glucose sensors was investigated. RGO, ERGO, MWCNT, and MWCNT-COOH were selected as carbon-based nanomaterials to increase the conductivity of surface-imprinted carbon electrodes (SPCE). o-BBV was chosen to provide specific binding to glucose. Modifications to SPCE surfaces were achieved by physical adsorption and/or electrochemical reduction methods. Electrochemical characterization of the modified electrodes was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The potential of the modified SPCE, which exhibited the highest conductivity, as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor was investigated using CV. As a result of the analyses, it was observed that the boronic acid groups in the o-BBV molecule bind specifically to glucose by reversibly forming boronic ester bonds with the 1,2-diol groups in glucose. These results indicate that the SPCE/MWCNT-COOH/o-BBV electrode can be used as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor.

Keywords

• Glucose
• o-BBV
• carbon-based nanomaterials
• electrochemical sensors

Karbon Temelli Nanomalzemeler ve o-BBV Modifiye Elektrotlarla Glukozun Elektrokimyasal Davranışının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Glukoz, insan sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen ciddi kronik hastalıkların başında gelmektedir. Glukoz seviyelerinin belirlenmesinde, enzimatik glukoz sensörleri yaygın olarak kullanılmasına rağmen, enzimlerin pH değişimlerine yüksek duyarlılık göstermesi, düşük ısı stabilitesi ve aktif maddelere karşı hassas olmaları, bu tür biyosensörlerin kullanım ömrünü sınırlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, enzimsiz ve yüksek seçiciliğe sahip yeni sensör sistemlerine olan ihtiyaç her geçen dün daha da artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, karbon temelli nanomalzemeler ve boronik asit türevi içeren o-BBV modifiyeli elektrotların nonenzimatik glukoz sensöründe kullanılabilme potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Yüzey baskılı karbon elektrotların (SPCE) iletkenliğini artırmak için karbon temelli nanomalzeme olarak, RGO, ERGO, MWCNT ve MWCNT-COOH seçilmiştir. o-BBV ise glukoza spesifik bağlanmayı sağlamak için tercih edilmiştir. SPCE yüzeylerine modifikasyonlar fiziksel adsorpsiyon ve/veya elektrokimyasal indirgenme yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modifiye elektrotların elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonları dönüşümlü voltametri (CV) ve diferansiyel puls voltametrisi (DPV) metotları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. En yüksek iletkenlik gösteren modifiye SPCE’nin nonenzimatik glukoz sensörü olarak kullanım potansiyeli CV ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, o-BBV molekülündeki boronik asit gruplarının, glukozdaki 1,2-diol grupları ile tersinir bir şekilde boronik ester bağı oluşturarak glukoza spesifik olarak bağlandığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar, SPCE/MWCNT-COOH/o-BBV elektrotunun nonenzimatik glukoz sensörü olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Glukoz
• o-BBV
• karbon temelli nanomalzemeler
• elektrokimyasal sensörler

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