Research Article
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Effect of thermomechanical aging on the surface roughness and color stability of novel CAD-CAM materials: An in-vitro study

Year 2023, , 385 - 390, 15.06.2023

Almira Ada Diken Türksayar , Mustafa Borga Dönmez , Duygu Hisarbeyli , Özlem Seçkin Kelten

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365

Abstract

Objective:. This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability of novel monolithic CAD-CAM materials after thermomechanical aging.
Methods: Forty specimens were obtained from 4 different materials (a resilient ceramic (C), ceramic-reinforced PEEK (BH), lithium disilicate glass ceramic (EX), and a resin based composites (B) (n=10). Initial Ra and color coordinates were recorded. All specimens were than subjected to thermomechanical aging. Ra and color coordinate measurements were repeated. CIEDE2000 formula was used to calculate the color changes (ΔE00). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to analyze data, while the effect of aging on Ra was analyzed with Wilcoxon test (α=.05).
Results: Regardless of aging, BH showed higher Ra than EX (P<.001), whereas the differences between BH and the other materials were nonsignificant (P≥.202). Thermomechanical aging led to higher Ra for all materials tested (P=.005). The greatest ΔE00 was observed in BH (P≤.002), while the difference among the other materials was nonsignificant (P>.05). Ra of ceramic-reinforced PEEK was above clinical threshold, regardless of thermomechanical aging.
Conclusion: Thermomechanical aging caused a color change that was perceptible for all the materials tested, while it was also unacceptable for ceramic-reinforced PEEK.

Keywords

CAD-CAM dental materials roughness color

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Project Council of Biruni University

Project Number

Grant number: Biruni-BAP-2019-02-32

References

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  • Diken Turksayar AA, Hisarbeyli D, Seçkin Kelten Ö, Bulucu NB. Wear behavior of current computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing composites and reinforced high performance polymers: An in vitro study. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;34(3):527-553. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12828.
  • Ahmed DR, Abbas MM, El-Badrawy WA, Eldwakhly EA. Wear and surface roughness of novel computer-assisted-design/computer-assisted manufacturing restorative materials. Mater Express. 2021;11:403-411. DOI: 10.1166/mex.2021.1917.
  • Stawarczyk B, Özcan M, Schmutz F, Trottmann A, Roos M, Hämmerle CHF. Two-body wear of monolithic, veneered and glazed zirconia and their corresponding enamel antagonists. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71:102-112. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.654248.
  • Siddanna GD, Valcanaia AJ, Fierro PH, Neiva GF, Fasbinder DJ. Surface evaluation of resilient CAD/CAM ceramics after contouring and polishing. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33:750-63. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12735.
  • Stawarczyk B, Sener B, Trottmann A. Discoloration of manually fabricated resins and industrially fabricated CAD/CAM blocks versus glass-ceramic: effect of storage media, duration, and subsequent polishing. Dent Mater J. 2012;31:377-383. DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-238.
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  • de Andrade GS, Augusto MG, Simoes BV, Pagani C, Saavedra GSFA, Bresciani E. Impact of simulated toothbrushing on surface properties of chairside CAD-CAM materials: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125:469 e1- e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.028.
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  • Aykent F, Yöndem I, Özyeşil AG, Günal SK, Avunduk MC, Özkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent. 2010;103:221-227. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(10)60034-0.
  • Tuncer S, Demirci M, Tiryaki M, Ünlü N, Uysal O. The effect of a modeling resin and thermocycling on the surface hardness, roughness, and color of different resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2013;25(6):404-419. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12063.
  • Köroğlu A, Şahin O, Dede D, Yılmaz B. Effect of different surface treatment methods on the surface roughness and color stability of interim prosthodontic materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:447-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.005.
  • Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dent Mater. 1997;13:258-269. DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(97)80038-3.
  • Acar O, Yılmaz B, Altıntaş SH, Chandrasekaran I, Johnston WM. Color stainability of CAD/CAM and nanocomposite resin materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:71-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.06.014.
  • Gürdal I, Atay A, Eichberger M, Cal E, Üşümez A, Stawarczyk B. Color change of CAD-CAM materials and composite resin cements after thermocycling. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120(4):546-552. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.003.
  • Karaokutan I, Yılmaz Savaş T, Aykent F, Özdere E. Color stability of CAD/CAM fabricated inlays after accelerated artificial aging. J Prosthodont. 2016;25:472-477. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12353.
  • Palla ES, Kontonasaki E, Kantiranis N, Papadopoulou L, Zorba T, Paraskevopoulos KM, Koidis P. Color stability of lithium disilicate ceramics after aging and immersion in common beverages. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119:632-642. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.04.031.
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  • Ho TK, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. The effect of chewing simulation on surface roughness of resin composite when opposed by zirconia ceramic and lithium disilicate ceramic. Dent Mater. 2018;34:e15-e24. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.014.
  • Porto TS, Park SJ, Faddoul AJ, Faddoul FF, Cesar PF. Evaluation of the surface roughness and accelerated aging of cad/cam materials. Int J Prosthodont. 2020;33:418-428. DOI: 10.11607/ijp.6556.
  • Abhay SS, Ganapathy D, Veeraiyan DN, Ariga P, Heboyan A, Amornvit P, Rokaya D, Srimaneepong V. Wear resistance, color stability and displacement resistance of milled PEEK crowns compared to zirconia crowns under stimulated chewing and high-performance aging. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(21):3761. DOI: 10.3390/polym13213761.
  • Elsayed A, Farrag G, Chaar MS, Abdelnabi N, Kern M. Influence of different CAD/CAM crown materials on the fracture of custom-made titanium and zirconia implant abutments after artificial aging. Int J Prosthodont. 2019;32:91-96. DOI: 10.11607/ijp.6137.
  • Prechtel A, Stawarczyk B, Hickel R, Edelhoff D, Reymus M. Fracture load of 3D printed PEEK inlays compared with milled ones, direct resin composite fillings, and sound teeth. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24:3457-3466. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03216-5.
  • Preis V, Hahnel S, Behr M, Bein L, Rosentritt M. In-vitro fatigue and fracture testing of CAD/CAM-materials in implant-supported molar crowns. Dent Mater. 2017;33:427-433. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.003.
  • Benli M, Eker Gümüş B, Kahraman Y, Gökçen-Rohlig B, Evlioğlu G, Huck O, Özcan M. Surface roughness and wear behavior of occlusal splint materials made of contemporary and high-performance polymers. Odontology. 2020;108:240-250. DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00463-1.
  • Ludovichetti FS, Trindade FZ, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Fonseca RG. Wear resistance and abrasiveness of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:318.e1-.e8. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.05.011.
  • Dal Piva AMO, Tribst JPM, Werner A, Anami LC, Bottino MA, Kleverlaan CJ. Three-body wear effect on different CAD/CAM ceramics staining durability. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2020;103:103579. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103579.
  • Manziuc MM, Gasparik C, Burde AV, Colosi HA, Negucioiu M, Dudea D. Effect of glazing on translucency, color, and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31:478-485. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12493.
  • Oğlakçı B, Küçükyıldırım BO, Özduman ZC, Eliguzeloglu Dalkılıç E. The effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of nanocomposites: contact profilometry and SEM analyses. Oper Dent. 2021;46:173-187. DOI: 10.2341/20-157-L.
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  • Matzinger M, Hahnel S, Preis V, Rosentritt M. Polishing effects and wear performance of chairside CAD/CAM materials. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:725-737. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2473-3.
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Year 2023, , 385 - 390, 15.06.2023

Almira Ada Diken Türksayar , Mustafa Borga Dönmez , Duygu Hisarbeyli , Özlem Seçkin Kelten

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365

Abstract

Project Number

Grant number: Biruni-BAP-2019-02-32

References

  • Al Amri MD, Labban N, Alhijji S, Alamri H, Iskandar M, Platt JA. In vitro evaluation of translucency and color stability of cad/cam polymer-infiltrated ceramic materials after accelerated aging. J Prosthodont. 2021;30:318-328. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13239.
  • Davidowitz G, Kotick PG. The use of CAD/CAM in dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2011;55:559-570. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2011.02.011.
  • Diken Turksayar AA, Hisarbeyli D, Seçkin Kelten Ö, Bulucu NB. Wear behavior of current computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing composites and reinforced high performance polymers: An in vitro study. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;34(3):527-553. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12828.
  • Ahmed DR, Abbas MM, El-Badrawy WA, Eldwakhly EA. Wear and surface roughness of novel computer-assisted-design/computer-assisted manufacturing restorative materials. Mater Express. 2021;11:403-411. DOI: 10.1166/mex.2021.1917.
  • Stawarczyk B, Özcan M, Schmutz F, Trottmann A, Roos M, Hämmerle CHF. Two-body wear of monolithic, veneered and glazed zirconia and their corresponding enamel antagonists. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71:102-112. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.654248.
  • Siddanna GD, Valcanaia AJ, Fierro PH, Neiva GF, Fasbinder DJ. Surface evaluation of resilient CAD/CAM ceramics after contouring and polishing. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33:750-63. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12735.
  • Stawarczyk B, Sener B, Trottmann A. Discoloration of manually fabricated resins and industrially fabricated CAD/CAM blocks versus glass-ceramic: effect of storage media, duration, and subsequent polishing. Dent Mater J. 2012;31:377-383. DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-238.
  • Stöckl C, Hampe R, Stawarczyk B, Haerst M, Roos M. Macro- and microtopographical examination and quantification of CAD-CAM composite resin 2- and 3-body wear. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:537-545. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.014.
  • Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Siddiqui F. Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics. J Prosthodont Res. 2016;60:12-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.10.001.
  • Heimer S, Schmidlin PR, Roos M, Stawarczyk B. Surface properties of polyetheretherketone after different laboratory and chairside polishing protocols. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117:419-425. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.06.016.
  • Batak B, Çakmak G, Johnston WM, Yilmaz B. Surface roughness of high-performance polymers used for fixed implant-supported prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;126:254.e1-.e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.029.
  • Sturz CR, Faber FJ, Scheer M, Rothamel D, Neugebauer J. Effects of various chair-side surface treatment methods on dental restorative materials with respect to contact angles and surface roughness. Dent Mater J. 2015;34:796-813. DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-098.
  • Çulhaoğlu AK, Özkır SE, Şahin V, Yılmaz B, Kılıçarslan MA. Effect of various treatment modalities on surface characteristics and shear bond strengths of polyetheretherketone-based core materials. J Prosthodont. 2020;29:136-141. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12702.
  • Çağlar I, Ateş SM, Yeşil Duymuş Z. An in vitro evaluation of the effect of various adhesives and surface treatments on bond strength of resin cement to polyetheretherketone. J Prosthodont. 2019;28:e342-e9. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12791.
  • Seyidaliyeva A, Rues S, Evagorou Z, Hassel AJ, Rammelsberg P, Zenthöfer A. Color stability of polymer-infiltrated-ceramics compared with lithium disilicate ceramics and composite. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;32:43-50. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12525.
  • Awad D, Stawarczyk B, Liebermann A, Ilie N. Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;113:534-540. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.12.003.
  • Mühlemann S, Bernini JM, Sener B, Hämmerle CH, Özcan M. Effect of aging on stained monolithic resin-ceramic CAD/CAM materials: quantitative and qualitative analysis of surface roughness. J Prosthodont. 2019;28:e563-e71. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12949.
  • Yildiz E, Sirin Karaarslan E, Simsek M, Ozsevik AS, Usumez A. Color stability and surface roughness of polished anterior restorative materials. Dent Mater J. 2015;34:629-639. DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-344.
  • Tavangar M, Bagheri R, Kwon TY, Mese A, Manton DJ. Influence of beverages and surface roughness on the color change of resin composites. J Investig Clin Dent. 2018;9:e12333. DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12333.
  • Nayyer M, Zahid S, Hassan SH, Mian SA, Mehmood S, Khan HA, Kaleem M, Zafar MS, Khan AS. Comparative abrasive wear resistance and surface analysis of dental resin-based materials. Eur J Dent. 2018;12:57-66. DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_380_17.
  • de Andrade GS, Augusto MG, Simoes BV, Pagani C, Saavedra GSFA, Bresciani E. Impact of simulated toothbrushing on surface properties of chairside CAD-CAM materials: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125:469 e1- e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.028.
  • Beyth N, Bahir R, Matalon S, Domb AJ, Weiss EI. Streptococcus mutans biofilm changes surface-topography of resin composites. Dent Mater. 2008;24:732-736. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.08.003.
  • Aykent F, Yöndem I, Özyeşil AG, Günal SK, Avunduk MC, Özkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent. 2010;103:221-227. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(10)60034-0.
  • Tuncer S, Demirci M, Tiryaki M, Ünlü N, Uysal O. The effect of a modeling resin and thermocycling on the surface hardness, roughness, and color of different resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2013;25(6):404-419. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12063.
  • Köroğlu A, Şahin O, Dede D, Yılmaz B. Effect of different surface treatment methods on the surface roughness and color stability of interim prosthodontic materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:447-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.005.
  • Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dent Mater. 1997;13:258-269. DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(97)80038-3.
  • Acar O, Yılmaz B, Altıntaş SH, Chandrasekaran I, Johnston WM. Color stainability of CAD/CAM and nanocomposite resin materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:71-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.06.014.
  • Gürdal I, Atay A, Eichberger M, Cal E, Üşümez A, Stawarczyk B. Color change of CAD-CAM materials and composite resin cements after thermocycling. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120(4):546-552. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.003.
  • Karaokutan I, Yılmaz Savaş T, Aykent F, Özdere E. Color stability of CAD/CAM fabricated inlays after accelerated artificial aging. J Prosthodont. 2016;25:472-477. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12353.
  • Palla ES, Kontonasaki E, Kantiranis N, Papadopoulou L, Zorba T, Paraskevopoulos KM, Koidis P. Color stability of lithium disilicate ceramics after aging and immersion in common beverages. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119:632-642. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.04.031.
  • Taşın S, Çelik G, Ismatullaev A, Üşümez A. The effect of artificial accelerated aging on the color stability, microhardness, and surface roughness of different dental laminate veneer materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022;34(2):405-411. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12567.
  • Ho TK, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. The effect of chewing simulation on surface roughness of resin composite when opposed by zirconia ceramic and lithium disilicate ceramic. Dent Mater. 2018;34:e15-e24. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.014.
  • Porto TS, Park SJ, Faddoul AJ, Faddoul FF, Cesar PF. Evaluation of the surface roughness and accelerated aging of cad/cam materials. Int J Prosthodont. 2020;33:418-428. DOI: 10.11607/ijp.6556.
  • Abhay SS, Ganapathy D, Veeraiyan DN, Ariga P, Heboyan A, Amornvit P, Rokaya D, Srimaneepong V. Wear resistance, color stability and displacement resistance of milled PEEK crowns compared to zirconia crowns under stimulated chewing and high-performance aging. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(21):3761. DOI: 10.3390/polym13213761.
  • Elsayed A, Farrag G, Chaar MS, Abdelnabi N, Kern M. Influence of different CAD/CAM crown materials on the fracture of custom-made titanium and zirconia implant abutments after artificial aging. Int J Prosthodont. 2019;32:91-96. DOI: 10.11607/ijp.6137.
  • Prechtel A, Stawarczyk B, Hickel R, Edelhoff D, Reymus M. Fracture load of 3D printed PEEK inlays compared with milled ones, direct resin composite fillings, and sound teeth. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24:3457-3466. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03216-5.
  • Preis V, Hahnel S, Behr M, Bein L, Rosentritt M. In-vitro fatigue and fracture testing of CAD/CAM-materials in implant-supported molar crowns. Dent Mater. 2017;33:427-433. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.003.
  • Benli M, Eker Gümüş B, Kahraman Y, Gökçen-Rohlig B, Evlioğlu G, Huck O, Özcan M. Surface roughness and wear behavior of occlusal splint materials made of contemporary and high-performance polymers. Odontology. 2020;108:240-250. DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00463-1.
  • Ludovichetti FS, Trindade FZ, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Fonseca RG. Wear resistance and abrasiveness of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:318.e1-.e8. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.05.011.
  • Dal Piva AMO, Tribst JPM, Werner A, Anami LC, Bottino MA, Kleverlaan CJ. Three-body wear effect on different CAD/CAM ceramics staining durability. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2020;103:103579. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103579.
  • Manziuc MM, Gasparik C, Burde AV, Colosi HA, Negucioiu M, Dudea D. Effect of glazing on translucency, color, and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31:478-485. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12493.
  • Oğlakçı B, Küçükyıldırım BO, Özduman ZC, Eliguzeloglu Dalkılıç E. The effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of nanocomposites: contact profilometry and SEM analyses. Oper Dent. 2021;46:173-187. DOI: 10.2341/20-157-L.
  • Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, Sakai M, Takahashi H, Tashkandi E, Mar Perez MD. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor. Dent 2015;27 Suppl 1:S1-9. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12149.
  • Matzinger M, Hahnel S, Preis V, Rosentritt M. Polishing effects and wear performance of chairside CAD/CAM materials. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:725-737. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2473-3.
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Almira Ada Diken Türksayar 0000-0003-3558-3202

Mustafa Borga Dönmez 0000-0002-3094-7487

Duygu Hisarbeyli 0000-0003-4490-4100

Özlem Seçkin Kelten 0000-0001-6080-5773

Project Number Grant number: Biruni-BAP-2019-02-32
Publication Date June 15, 2023
Submission Date May 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Diken Türksayar, A. A., Dönmez, M. B., Hisarbeyli, D., Seçkin Kelten, Ö. (2023). Effect of thermomechanical aging on the surface roughness and color stability of novel CAD-CAM materials: An in-vitro study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 13(2), 385-390. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365
AMA Diken Türksayar AA, Dönmez MB, Hisarbeyli D, Seçkin Kelten Ö. Effect of thermomechanical aging on the surface roughness and color stability of novel CAD-CAM materials: An in-vitro study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. June 2023;13(2):385-390. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365
Chicago Diken Türksayar, Almira Ada, Mustafa Borga Dönmez, Duygu Hisarbeyli, and Özlem Seçkin Kelten. “Effect of Thermomechanical Aging on the Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Novel CAD-CAM Materials: An in-Vitro Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 2023): 385-90. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365.
EndNote Diken Türksayar AA, Dönmez MB, Hisarbeyli D, Seçkin Kelten Ö (June 1, 2023) Effect of thermomechanical aging on the surface roughness and color stability of novel CAD-CAM materials: An in-vitro study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13 2 385–390.
IEEE A. A. Diken Türksayar, M. B. Dönmez, D. Hisarbeyli, and Ö. Seçkin Kelten, “Effect of thermomechanical aging on the surface roughness and color stability of novel CAD-CAM materials: An in-vitro study”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 385–390, 2023, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365.
ISNAD Diken Türksayar, Almira Ada et al. “Effect of Thermomechanical Aging on the Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Novel CAD-CAM Materials: An in-Vitro Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13/2 (June 2023), 385-390. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365.
JAMA Diken Türksayar AA, Dönmez MB, Hisarbeyli D, Seçkin Kelten Ö. Effect of thermomechanical aging on the surface roughness and color stability of novel CAD-CAM materials: An in-vitro study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2023;13:385–390.
MLA Diken Türksayar, Almira Ada et al. “Effect of Thermomechanical Aging on the Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Novel CAD-CAM Materials: An in-Vitro Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 385-90, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1112365.
Vancouver Diken Türksayar AA, Dönmez MB, Hisarbeyli D, Seçkin Kelten Ö. Effect of thermomechanical aging on the surface roughness and color stability of novel CAD-CAM materials: An in-vitro study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2023;13(2):385-90.

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