The Role of Omega-3 and Antioxidant Nutrients in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review Article
Year 2022,
, 548 - 555, 30.06.2022
Emine Koçyiğit
,
Nilüfer Acar Tek
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. The cause of the disease is not well explained; studies previse a multifactorial etiology. Various results of studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may have beneficial effects in AMD. Besides the omega-3, clinical evidence showed that specific micronutrients (antioxidant vitamins and minerals) protect against AMD. The definition of risk factors for the development and progression of AMD is important for understanding the causes of the disorder and for the determination of its prevention strategies. In this study, the relationship between omega 3 and antioxidant nutrients and the incidence and progression of AMD were evaluated.
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Year 2022,
, 548 - 555, 30.06.2022
Emine Koçyiğit
,
Nilüfer Acar Tek
References
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De Jong P, Nemesure B, Mitchell P, Kempen J. Prevalence of
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cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors. Eye Vis
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of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A, E, and C intake with age related macular degeneration in a case-control study. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125(9):1225-1232.
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age-related macular degeneration. Mol Aspects Med
2012;33(4):318-375.
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classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy
and age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol
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grading and prevalence of macular degeneration in Chesapeake
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eye disease study research. Risk factors for the incidence of
advanced age-related macular degeneration in the Age Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) AREDS report no. 19. Ophthalmology 2005;112(4):533-539.
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local inflammation in the formation of drusen in the aging eye.
Am J Ophthalmol 2002;134(3):411-431.
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in age-related macular disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp
Ophthalmol 2004;242(8):710-716.
- [23] Nowak JZ. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD):
Pathogenesis and therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2006;58(3):353-
363.
- [24] Carneiro A. Nutrition and the ageing eye. Neves D, editor. Anti ageing nutrients: Evidence-based prevention of age-associated diseases. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2015.p.277-291.
- [25] Klein R, Peto T, Bird A, Vannewkirk MR. The epidemiology
of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol
2004;137(3):486-495.
- [26] Porte C. Pathogenesis and management of age-related
macular degeneration. Scott Med J 2012;1(2).
- [27] Merle B, Delyfer MN, Korobelnik JF, Rougier MB, Colin J, Malet
F, Féart C, Le Goff M, Dartigues JF, Barberger-Gateau P. Dietary
omega-3 fatty acids and the risk for age-related maculopathy:
the Alienor Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52(8):6004-
6011.
- [28] Reynolds R, Rosner B, Seddon JM. Dietary omega-3
fatty acids, other fat intake, genetic susceptibility, and
progression to incident geographic atrophy. Ophthalmology
2013;120(5):1020-1028.
- [29] Connor WE. Importance of n− 3 fatty acids in health and
disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(1):171S-175S.
- [30] Lawrenson JG, Evans JR. Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or
slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(4):CD010015.
- [31] Merle BM, Benlian P, Puche N, Bassols A, Delcourt C, Souied
EH. Circulating omega-3 fatty acids and neovascular age related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55(3):2010-2019.
- [32] SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY. The role of omega-3 long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids in health and disease of the retina.
Prog Retin Eye Res 2005;24(1):87-138.
- [33] MacDonald A. Omega-3 fatty acids as adjunctive therapy in
Crohns disease. Gastroenterol Nurs 2006;29(4):295-301; quiz
302-293.
- [34] Seddon JM, Gensler G, Milton RC, Klein ML, Rifai N. Association
between C-reactive protein and age-related macular
degeneration. JAMA 2004;291(6):704-710.
- [35] Shaikh SR, Jolly CA, Chapkin RS. n− 3 Polyunsaturated fatty
acids exert immunomodulatory effects on lymphocytes by
targeting plasma membrane molecular organization. Mol
Aspects Med 2012;33(1):46-54.
- [36] Bebis (Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi) Nutrition Data Base Software.
Data base: The German Food Code and Nutrient Data Base
(BLS II.3, 1999) with additions from USDA-sr and other sources.
Istanbul: 2004. Stuttgart, Germany:Hohenhim University.
- [37] Christen WG, Schaumberg DA, Glynn RJ, Buring JE. Dietary
ω-3 fatty acid and fish intake and incident age-related macular
degeneration in women. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129(7):921-
929.
- [38] Swenor BK, Bressler S, Caulfield L, West SK. The impact
of fish and shellfish consumption on age-related macular
degeneration. Ophthalmology 2010;117(12):2395-2401.
- [39] Augood C, Chakravarthy U, Young I, Vioque J, de Jong PT,
Bentham G, Rahu M, Seland J, Soubrane G, Tomazzoli
L. Oily fish consumption, dietary docosahexaenoic acid
and eicosapentaenoic acid intakes, and associations with
neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr
2008;88(2):398-406.
- [40] Aoki A, Inoue M, Nguyen E, Obata R, Kadonosono K, Shinkai
S, Hashimoto H, Sasaki S, Yanagi Y. Dietary n-3 fatty acid,
α-tocopherol, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin C, and β-carotene are
associated with age-related macular degeneration in Japan.
Sci Rep 2016;6:20723.
- [41] SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY, Agron E, Clemons TE, Ferris FL,
Gensler G, Lindblad AS, Milton RC, Seddon JM, Klein R. The
relationship of dietary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty
acid intake with incident age-related macular degeneration:
AREDS report no. 23. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126(9):1274-
1279.
- [42] SanGiovanni S, Emiły Y, Chew M, Clemons TE, Gensler
GR, Kurinij N, Lindhlad AS, Seddon JM, Sperduto RD. The
relationship of dietary lipid intake and age-related macular
degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125671:679.
- [43] Tan JS, Wang JJ, Flood V, Mitchell P. Dietary fatty acids and the
10-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the
Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127(5):656-
665.
- [44] Zhu W, Wu Y, Meng Y-F, Xing Q, Tao J-J, Lu J. Fish consumption
and age-related macular degeneration incidence: A meta analysis and systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Nutrients 2016;8(11):743.
- [45] Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) Group. Lutein +
zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular
degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)
randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013;309(2013):2005-2015.
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