Pain and Malnutrition in Elderly Cancer Patients: Examples of Southern Turkey

Year 2023, , 1 - 8, 28.03.2023

Sema Aytaç , Özlem Ovayolu , Sibel Serçe , Nimet Ovayolu

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.927643

Abstract

Objective: The prevalence of geriatric cancer disease is gradually increasing. Both the cancer diagnosis and many accompanying symptoms affect individuals bio-psycho-socially and impair the quality of life. This study was conducted to evaluate pain and nutritional status in geriatric cancer patients.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with geriatric cancer patients receiving treatment in the ambulatory chemotherapy outpatient clinic of a university and oncology hospital. The population of the study consisted of cancer patients receiving treatment in the hospital and the sample consisted of 215 geriatric cancer patients who were voluntary to participate in the study. The data of the study were collected using a questionnaire, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.3±4.7 years. Respiratory tract cancers ranked first (28.8%). 42.8% of the patients were at stage four and they frequently experienced symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite and poor nutrition. VAS mean score was 4.8±2.8, Mini nutritional assessment mean score was 9.2±3.0, and there was a negative significant correlation between the VAS and Mini nutritional assessment mean scores (p<0.001).
Conclusion: It was determined that geriatric cancer patients experienced “moderate” pain, had a risk for malnutrition and as their pain levels increased, the risk for malnutrition increased.

Keywords

Geriatric nursing, cancer pain, Nutrition Assesment

References

• Tekin ÇS, Kara F. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaşlılık. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi (IBAD). 2018;3(1), 219-229.
• Çetin A, Arslan İ, Tekin O, Sarı O. Yaşlıların yaşadığı yerin ve sosyodemografik özelliklerinin yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care. 2020;1(2), 34-40.
• Karadağ E. Yaşlı kanser hastalarında yorgunluk. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2018;11:(4).
• Barutcu CD. Kronik hastalığı olan yaşlı bireylerin ağrı kesici tercihleri. Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Dergisi. 2020;3(1), 69-76.
• Mutluay E. Yaşlı kanser hastalarında ağrı. Türk Onkoloji Dergisi. 2015;30(2):90-95 doi: 10.5505/tjoncol.2015.994.
• Durmuş E, Uğur Ö. Kanser ağrısının yönetiminde bakım verenlerin ağrı kesicileri kullanım engelleri ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 2018;20(2/3), 22-33.
• Eti Aslan F. Ağrı doğası ve kontrolü. 1. baskı, İstanbul: Avrupa Tıp Kitapevi. 2006; s. 159-346.
• Alan Ö, Gürsel Ö, Ünsal M, Altın S, Kılçıksız S. Geriatrik hastalarda onkolojik yaklaşım. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi 2013;29(Ek sayı 2):94-98, doi:10.5222/otd.supp2.2013.094.
• Özel V, Alphan E. Yetişkin hematolojik kanserli hastaların malnütrisyon düzeylerinin farklı tarama araçları ile değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;1(1), 21-29.
• Hébuterne X, Lemarié E, Michallet M, de Montreuil CB, Schneider SM, Goldwasser F. Prevalence of malnutrition and current use of nutrition support in patients with cancer. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2014;38(2), 196-204.
• Planas M, Álvarez-Hernández J, León-Sanz M, Celaya-Pérez S, Araujo K, De Lorenzo A.G.. Prevalence of hospital malnutrition in cancer patients: a sub-analysis of the PREDyCES® study. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2016;24(1), 429-435.
• Pressoir M, Desné S, Berchery D, Rossignol G, Poiree B, Meslier M, Meuric J. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications of malnutrition in French Comprehensive Cancer Centres. British Journal of Cancer, 2010;102(6), 966-971.
• De Melo Silva F.R, de Oliveira M.G.O.A, Souza A.S.R, Figueroa J.N, Santos C.S. (). Factors associated with malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients: a croos-sectional study. Nutrition journal. 2015;14(1), 123.
• Caillet P, Liuu E, Simon A.R, Bonnefoy M, Guerin O, Berrut G, Paillaud E. Association between cachexia, chemotherapy and outcomes in older cancer patients: a systematic review. Clinical Nutrition. 2017;36(6), 1473-1482.
• Ovayolu Ö, Ovayolu N. Onkolojide semptom yönetiminde kullanilan kanit temelli tamamlayici yöntemler ve etkileri. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;1(1), 83-98.
• Kutlu R, Çivi S, Börüban M, Demir A. Kanserli hastalarda depresyon ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Selçuk Üniv Tıp Derg. 2011;27 (3), 149-153.
• Kocatürk C, Kalafat, S. Akciğer kanserli hastalarda malnutrisyon ve perioperatif nütrisyon desteği. Bulletin of Thoracic Surgery/Toraks Cerrahisi Bülteni, 2015;9(4).
• Silva PB, Trindade LC, Gallucci MC, Schirr RA. Prevalence of malnutrition and pain in patients admitted by the screening service of an oncologic hospital. Rev Dor, 2013;14(4), 263-6.
• Güzeldemir ME. Ağrı değerlendirme yöntemleri. Makale, Gülhane Military Medical FacuIty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara. 1995:11-21.
• Guigoz Y. The mini nutritional assessment (mna) review of the literature--what does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10:466-485; discussion 485-467.
• Van Nes MC, Herrmann FR, Gold G, Michel JP, Rizzoli R. Does the mini nutritional assessment predict hospitalization outcomes in older people? Age Ageing. 2001;30:221-226.
• Sarıkaya, D. Geriatrik Hastalarda Mini Nütrisyonel Değerlendirme (mna) Testinin uzun ve kısa (mna-sf) Formunun Geçerlilik çalışması, Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi, 2013, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar çok Paydaşlı eylem planı, 2017-2025.
• Khalil AZ, Meawad EB, Abd Elhameed SH. Nurses’ attitude, practices and barriers towards pain management of elderly patients with cancer. Mansoura Nursing Journal 2022;9(1):23-30.
• Baz S, Ardahan M. Yaşlılarda malnütrisyon ve hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016;5(3), 147-153.
• Caltagirone C, Spoletini I, Gianni W, Spalletta G. Inadequate pain relief and consequences in oncological elderly patients. Surg Oncol 2010;19(3):178-83.
• Uyar M. Eyıgör C. Geriatride kanser ağrısına yaklaşım. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2014, 53.
• Barford KL, D’Olimpio JT. Symptom management in geriatric oncology: Practical treatment considerations and current challenges. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2008;9(2-3):204-14.
• Kutlutürkan S, Sözeri Öztürk E, Böke Erdoğan S, İyimaya Ö, Bay F, Gül F. Yaşlı kanser hastalarında yaşam kalitesinin ve semptomların değerlendirilmesi. Van Tıp Dergisi, 2018;26(4), 418-426.
• Hamaker ME, Buurman BM, van Munster BC, Kuper IM, Smorenburg CH, de Rooij SE. The value of a comprehensive geriatric assessment for patient care in acutely hospitalized older patients with cancer. The oncologist. 2011;16(10), 1403.
• Akademik Geriatri Derneği, Yaşlılarda Malnütrisyon Kılavuzu, Grup 1 Malnütrisyonun önemi tarama ve tanı. Published [January 2013]. Accessed [01January 2020] https://www.akaedmikgeriatri.org/files/thn-kitap.pdf (Turkish)
• World Health Organization. WHO report on cancer: setting priorities, investing wisely and providing care for all. Accessed [01 January 2020]. https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13173/
• Ülger Z, Halil M, Kalan I, Yavuz BB, Cankurtaran M, Güngör E, Arıoğul S. Comprehensive assessment of malnütrition risk and related factors in a large group of community-dwelling older adults. Clin Nutr 2010; 29: 507-511.
• Kuyumcu ME, Yeşil Y, Oztürk ZA, Halil M, Ulger Z, Yavuz BB, Arıoğul S. (). Challenges in nutritional evaluation of hospitalized elderly; always with mini-nutritional assessment?. European Geriatric Medicine. 2013;4(4), 231-236.
• Ekici E, Yetim Çolak M, Kozan EH. "Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlıların beslenme durumları ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi." Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 4.4: 506-518.
• Saka B, Kaya O, Ozturk GB, Erten N, Karan MA. Malnütrition in the elderly and its relationship with other geriatric syndromes. Clin Nutr. 2010;29:745-748.
• Cankurtaran M, Saka B, Sevnaz S, Varlı M, Döventaş A, Yavuz BB, Halil M, Çurgunlu A, Ülger Z, Öztürk GB, Tufan F, Tekin N, Akçiçek F, Karan MA, Atlı T, Beğer T, Erdinçler DS, Arıoğul S. 2012. Türkiye huzurevleri ve bakımevleri nutrisyonel değerlendirme projesi.
• Thomas PA, Berbis J, Falcoz PE, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Bernard A, Jougon J, Alauzen M. National perio- perative outcomes of pulmonary lobectomy for cancer: the influence of nutritional status. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014;45:652-9.
• Caillet P, Laurent M, Bastuji-Garin S, Liuu E, Culine S, Lagrange JL, Paillaud E. Optimal management of elderly cancer patients: usefulness of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Clinical interventions in aging, 2014;9, 1645.
• Yekedüz E, Utkan G, Ürün Y. Ağrili kemik metastazlarinda onkolojik yaklasimlar/Oncologic Approaches for Bone Metastasis Related Pain. In Nuclear Medicine Seminars. 2020;Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 11-17. Galenos Yayinevi Tic. Ltd.
• Berger AM, Gerber LH, Mayer DK. (). Cancer-related fatigue: implications for breast cancer survivors, Cancer. 2012;118(8 suppl), 2261-9.
• Eyigor S, Eyigor C, Uslu R. Assessment of pain, fatigue, sleep and quality of life (QoL) in elderly hospitalized cancer patients. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2010;51 (3), 57-61.
• Luctkar-Flude MF, Groll DL, Tranmer JE, Woodend K. Fatigue and physical activity in older adults with cancer: a systematic review of the literatüre. Cancer Nursing, 2007;30(5), 35-45.
• Henson LA, Maddocks M, Evans C, Davidson M, Hicks S, Higginson IJ. Palliative care and the management of common distressing symptoms in advanced cancer: Pain, breathlessness, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2020;38(9), 905.
• Cheng KK, Lee DT. Effects of pain, fatigue, insomnia, and mood disturbance on functional status and quality of life of elderly patients with cancer. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 2011;78(2), 127-137.
• Yurtsever S, Çavuşoğlu E, Onkoloji hastalarının palyatif bakımında semptom yönetimi, 2. Uluslararası Mültidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, Bildiri Tam Metin Kitabı, 2018.