Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction in Nurses and Midwives during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

Year 2022, , 521 - 527, 30.06.2022

Ferdane Taş , Özlem Aşcı , Meltem Demirgöz Bal

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.998790

Abstract

Objective: To examine the levels of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction of nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic and the influencing factors.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with the participation of Turkish midwives and nurses. In the study using the convenience sampling method, data were collected online using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire, created through the Google form, was shared between May and June 2021 in the midwife and nurse groups (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp) on electronic platforms. Compassion fatigue (CF) and compassion satisfaction (CS) consisting of the burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) subcomponents were assessed by the Professional Quality of Life scale. The study was completed with 402 nurses and midwives from various units. Descriptive statistics, and the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: Among the participants, the rate of dissatisfaction with the clinic worked was 24.6% and the turnover intention rate was 70.6%. During the pandemic period, 75.6% of the participants reported that they were exposed to verbal violence, 7.7% to physical violence, and 74.4% to mobbing behaviors. Low CS was found in 24.9% of the participants, a high level of BO in 27.1%, and high STS in 32.8%.
Conclusion: Violence and mobbing against nurses and midwives should be prevented in order to increase the professional quality of life.

Keywords

Quality of Life, Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, Personal Satisfaction

Supporting Institution

This study does not have any financial and material support.

Thanks

We thank all nurses and midwives who participated in our study.

References

• [1] World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available from: https://covid19.who. int/ (Accessed 8 June 2021).
• [2] Murphy PA. Midwifery in the time of COVID-19. J Midwifery Womens Health 2020;3(65):299-300.
• [3] Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. The potential for COVID-19 to contribute to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. J Clin Nurs 2020;29(15-16):2762–2764.
• [4] Ruiz-Fernández MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibáñez-Masero O, Cabrera-Troya J, Carmona-Rega MI, Ortega-Galán ÁM. Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain. J Clin Nurs 2020;29(21- 22):4321–4330.
• [5] Keles E, Bektemur G, Baydili KN. COVID-19 deaths among nurses: a cross-sectional study. Occup Med (Lond) 2021:71(3)131-135.
• [6] Lynch MA, Pusey-Murray A. The effects of Covid-19 in the healthcare system. Public Health Research 2021; 11(1): 15-18.
• [7] Stamm BH. The Concise ProQoL Manual: The concise manual for the Professional Quality of Life Scale, 2nd Edition. 2010. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/340033923.
• [8] Xu H, Kynoch K, Tuckett A, Eley R. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce emergency department staff occupational stress and/or burnout: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2020;18(6):1156-1188.
• [9] Kim Y, Lee E, Lee H. Association between workplace bullying and burnout, professional quality of life, and turnover intention among clinical nurses. PLoS One 2019;14(12):1-13.
• [10] Tremblay MA, Messervey D. The Job Demands-Resources model: Further evidence for the buffering effect of personal resources. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 2011;37(2):10- 19.
• [11] Rodriguez RM, Montoy JCC, Hoth KF, Talan DA, Harland KK, Eyck PT, Mower W, Krishnadasan A, Santibanez S, Mohr N. Symptoms of anxiety, burnout, and PTSD and the mitigation effect of serologic testing in emergency department personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Emerg Med 2021;78(1)35- 43.
• [12] Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang R, Bi J, Zhan G, Xu X, Wang L, Zhou Q, Zhou C, Pan Y, Liu S, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhu B, Hu Y, Hashimoto K, Jia Y, Wang H, Wang R, Liu C, Yang C. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain Behav Immun 2020;88: 916–919.
• [13] Çınarlı T. Acil hemşirelerinde merhamet yorgunluğunu etkileyen faktörler. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Acil Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, 2019:49-119.
• [14] O’Callaghan EL, Lam L, Cant R, Moss C. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in Australian emergency nurses: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Int Emerg Nurs, 2020;48:100785.
• [15] Mohsin Z, Shahed S, Sohail T. Correlates of professional quality of life in nurses. Annals of King Edward Medical University 2017;23(4):474-478.
• [16] Goldfarb EV, Seo D, Sinha R. Sex differences in neural stress responses and correlation with subjective stress and stress regulation. Neurobiol Stress. 2019; 11:100177.
• [17] Al Barmawi MA, Subih M, Salameh O, Sayyah NSY, Shoqirat N, Jebbeh RAAEA. Coping strategies as moderating factors to compassion fatigue among critical care nurses. Brain Behav 2019;9(4):e01264.
• [18] Arpacioglu S, Gurler M, Cakiroglu S. Secondary traumatization outcomes and associated factors among the health care workers exposed to the COVID-19. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021;67(1):84–89.
• [19] Erkin Ö, Konakçı G, Duran S, Secondary traumatic stress in nurses working with patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57(4):1664- 1672.
• [20] Trumello C, Bramanti SM, Ballarotto G, Candelori C, Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Crudele M, Lombardi L, Pignataro S, Viceconti ML, Babore A. Psychological adjustment of healthcare workers in ıtaly during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences in stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction between frontline and non-frontline professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(22):8358.
• [21] Liu J, Gan Y, Jiang H, Li L, Dwyer R, Lu K, Yan S, Sampson O, Xu H, Wang C, Zhu Y, Chang Y, Yang Y, Yang T, Chen Y, Song F, Lu Z. Prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2019;76(12):927-937.
• [22] Çevik M, Gümüştakim RŞ, Bilgili P, Ayhan Başer D, Doğaner A, Saper SHK. Violence in healthcare at a glance: The example of the Turkish physician. Int J Health Plann Manage 2020;35(6):1559-1570.
• [23] Ayranci U, Yenilmez Ç, Balci Y, Kaptanoglu C. Identification of violence in Turkish health care settings. J Interpers Violence 2006;21(2):276-296.
• [24] Hee Jun K, Youngjin L, Moon Sook Y. The relationship between experience of verbal abuse, compassion fatigue, and work engagement in emergency nurses. J Korean Acad Soc Home Care Nurs 2019;26(3):300-308.
• [25] Adeyemo Sunday O, Omoaregba Joyce O, Aroyewun Bushura A, Modebe Vera O, James Bawo O, Uteh Blessing E, Ezemokwe Chinedu O.. Experiences of violence, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction on the professional quality of life of mental health professionals at a tertiary psychiatric facility in Nigeria. Open Science Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015; 3(2): 69-73.
• [26] Portoghese I, Galletta M, D’aloja1 E, Finco G, Campagna M. Patient verbal abuse, emotional exhaustion, and affective commitment among healthcare workers: A moderated mediation model of peer support. Le Travail Humain 2018;4(81):307-329.
• [27] Difazio RL, Vessey JA, Buchko OA, Chetverikov DV, Sarkisova VA, Serebrennikova NV. The incidence and outcomes of nurse bullying in the Russian Federation. Int Nurs Rev 2019;66(1):94-103.
• [28] Bamb S, Guazzini A, Piredda M, Lucchini A, De Marinis MG, Rasero L. Negative interactions among nurses: An explorative study on lateral violence and bullying in nursing work settings. J Nurs Manag 2019:27(4):749-757.
• [29] Al-Ghabeesh SH, Qattom H. Workplace bullying and its preventive measures and productivity among emergency department nurses. Isr J Health Policy Res 2019;8(1):44.
• [30] Aristidou L, Mpouzika M, Papathanassoglou EDE, Middleton N, Karanikola MNK. Association between workplace bullying occurrence and trauma symptoms among healthcare professionals in Cyprus. Front Psychol 2020;11:575623.
• [31] Karanikola M, Giannakopoulou M, Mpouzika M, Kaite CP, Tsiaousis GZ, Papathanassoglou EDE. Dysfunctional psychological responses among Intensive care unit nurses: a systematic review of the literature. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2015;49(5):847-857.
• [32] Pang Y, Dan H, Jung H, Bae N, Kim O. Depressive symptoms, professional quality of life and turnover intention in Korean nurses. Int Nurs Rev 2020; 67(3):387-394.
• [33] Eltaybania S, Noguchi-Watanabea M, Igarashia A, Saitoa Y, Yamamoto-Mitania N. Factors related to intention to stay in the current workplace among longterm care nurses: A nationwide survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2018;80:118-127.
• [34] Hämmig O. Explaining burnout and the intention to leave the profession among Health professionals – a cross-sectional study in a hospital setting in Switzerland. BMC Health Serv Res 2018;18(1):785.
• [35] OECD. Data. Nurses. 2021. Available from: https://data.oecd. org/healthres/nurses.htm#indicator-chart. (Accessed 8 June 2021)
• [36] Caringi JC, Hardiman ER, Weldon P, Fletcher S, Devlin M, Stanick C. Secondary traumatic stress and licensed clinical social workers. Traumatology 2017;23(2):186–195.
• [37] Pergol – Metko P, Czyżewski L. Compassion fatigue and perceived of social support among polish nurses. BMC Nurs 2020.
• [38] Best NI, Durham CF, Woods-Giscombe C, Waldrop J. Combating compassion fatigue with mindfulness practice in military nurse practitioners. JNP 2020;16(5):57-60