The effect of oxytocin on the gastric emptying rate of liquids: the role of oxytocin and CCK-2 receptors

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 26 - 33, 29.01.2014

Zarife Nigar Özdemir Kumral Emil Novruzov Nefize Turan Berrak Ç. Yeğen

Abstract

Objectives: Studies have indicated that oxytocin (OT), a regulatory nonapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, is endogenously released into blood following a fatty meal or by the stimulation of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK). Despite OT’s acceleratory effect on gastric emptying, there are also experimental studies documenting its delaying action. 

Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were used to evaluate the effect of centrally or peripherally administered OT on the gastric emptying rate of a liquid meal in awake rats and to explain the interaction of OT and CCK-2 receptors in these effects. Under anesthesia, a group of rats was inserted intracerebroventricularly (icv) for drug applications, while some were inserted with stainless steel gastric cannulas for gastric emptying. Before gastric emptying tests were performed, rats were given intraperitoneally or icv saline, OT, OT antagonist atosiban (ATO) and/or CCK-2 antagonist L365,260. Following the drug injections, in another group that had no gastric cannula placement, rats were given orogastrically methylcellulose containing phenol red, and the gastric emptying rate was calculated.

Results: Both central and peripheral injections of OT slowed the gastric emptying of physiological saline in rats with gastric cannula, while gastric emptying of methyl cellulose was accelerated at the 30th minute. It has been shown by using the receptor antagonist ATO that endogenous OT has an accelerating effect. The acceleratory effect of the exogenous OT on methyl cellulose in the late period was suppressed by ATO, but CCK-2 antagonist had no effect.

Conclusion: In the experiments performed by using a viscous methyl cellulose meal and solutions through the gastric cannulas, exogenous OT inhibits gastric motility for a short term and then accelerates. Endogenous OT increases gastric emptying, while OT and CCK-2 receptors mediate these effects.

Key words: Atosiban, CCK-2 receptors, gastric cannula, gastric emptying

Keywords

Atosiban, CCK-2 receptors, gastric cannula, gastric emptying

Sıvıların mideden boşalma hızına oksitosinin etkisi: Oksitosin ve kolesistokinin-2 reseptörlerinin rolü

Abstract

Amaç: Hipotalamusta supraoptik ve paraventriküler çekirdeklerde sentezlenen düzenleyici bir nonapeptit olan oksitosinin (OT) yağlı bir öğün sonrası endojen olarak ya da kolesistokininin (CCK) eksojen olarak uyarılmasıyla kana verildiği gösterilmiştir. OT’nin sağlıklı bireylerde mide boşalma hızını artırdığını gösteren çalışmalara karşın, yavaşlattığını belgeleyen deneysel çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır.

Yöntem: Santral veya periferik yolla verilen OT’nin ya da endojen OT’nin sıvı gıdanın mideden boşalma hızı üzerine etkisini uyanık sıçanlarda ölçmek ve bu etkilerde OT ve CCK-2 reseptörlerinin aracılığını açıklamak amacıyla Sprague Dawley sıçanlar kullanıldı. Anestezi uygulanan sıçanların bir grubuna ilaç uygulamaları için intraserebroventriküler (isv) kanül, bir gruba ise paslanmaz çelik mide kanülü yerleştirildi. Mide boşalma testleri öncesinde sıçanlara intraperitoneal veya isv olarak serum fizyolojik, OT, OT antagonisti atosiban (ATO) ve/veya CCK-2 antagonisti L365,260 enjeksiyonları yapıldıktan sonra mide boşalma testi uygulandı. Mide kanülü yerleştirilmeyen bir grup sıçanda ise ilaç enjeksiyonları sonrası fenol kırmızısı eklenmiş metil selüloz, orogastrik gavajla verilip mide boşalma hızları hesaplandı.

Bulgular: Mide kanüllü sıçanlarda OT’nin hem santral hem de periferik enjeksiyonu fizyolojik tuzlu suyun mideden boşalmasını yavaşlatıp, metil selülozun mide boşalmasını 30. dakikada hızlandırdı. Reseptör antagonisti ATO verilerek endojen OT’nin hızlandırıcı etkili olduğu ortaya kondu. Eksojen verilen OT’nin geç dönemde metil selülozun boşalmasını hızlandırıcı etkisini ATO baskılarken, CCK-2 antagonistinin etkisi gözlenmedi.

Sonuçlar: Sonuç olarak, ekzojen OT visköz bir sıvı olan metil selüloz ve mide kanülü aracığıyla yapılan deneylerde mide motilitesini kısa süreli olarak inhibe etmekte ve ardından hızlandırmakta, endojen OT ise mide boşalmasını artırıcı etki göstermekte ve OT ve CCK-2 reseptörleri OT’nin bu etkilerinde aracılık etmektedirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler : Atosiban, CCK-2 reseptörleri, mide kanülü, mide boşalması

Keywords

Atosiban, CCK-2 reseptörleri, mide kanülü, mide boşalması

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