Research Article
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Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 66 - 71, 27.10.2016

Abstract

Objective: This retrospective case-control study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and radiographically diagnosed apical periodontitis
using panoramic radiographs and periapical index (PAI) scoring system.
Methods: The records of 75 controls and 75 patients from the Department
of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology at Marmara University Dental Faculty, Turkey
were selected and studied. Inclusion criteria were as follows: patients who were
aged >20 years, had at least eight remaining teeth, and agreed to a complete
clinical and radiographic examination. The case group comprised patients who
had at least one periapical lesion, which was radiographically detectable in a
tooth. The control group included patients who had no radiographically defined periapical lesion in any teeth.
Results: In this retrospective case-control study, no statistically significant association was observed between smoking and periapical status (p>0.05). In
addition, there was no significant association between diabetes mellitus and
apical periodontitis in both control and case groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: As a result, no significant association was found among smoking,
diabetes mellitus, and the presence of radiographically detected periapical lesions in this study

References

  • Park TW, Lee SR, Kim JD, Park CS, Choi SC, Koh KJ, et al. Oral and maxillo- facial radiology. 3rd ed. Seoul: Narae Publishing Inc; 2001. p. 138-45.
  • Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. Aspects of panoramic radiogra- phy in general dental practice. Br Dent J 1999; 186: 342-4. [CrossRef]
  • Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. Routine panoramic radiography of new adult patients in general dental practice: relevance of diagnos- tic yield to treatment and identification of radiographic selection crite- ria. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 93: 488-95. [CrossRef]
  • Kumar V. Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Implant Treatment Planning. JSM Dent 2013; 1: 1008.
  • Kirkevang LL, Wenzel A. Risk indicators for apical periodontitis. Commu- nity Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003; 31: 59-67. [CrossRef]
  • Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM. The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Trauma- tol 1986; 2: 20-34. [CrossRef]
  • Lopez-Lopez J, Jane-Salas E, Martin-Gonzalez J, Castellanos-Cosano L, Llamas-Carreras JM, Velasco-Ortega E, et al. Tobacco smoking and ra- diographic periapical status: a retrospective case-control study. J Endod 2012; 38: 584-8. [CrossRef]
  • Bergstrőm J, Babcan J, Eliasson S. Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112: 115-20. [CrossRef]
  • Duncan HF, Pitt Ford TR. The potential association between smoking and endodontic disease. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 843-54. [CrossRef]
  • Delamaire M, Maugendre D, Moreno M, Le Goff MC, Allannic H, Genetet B. Impaired leukocyte functions in diabetic patients. Diabet Med 1997; 14: 29-34. [CrossRef]
  • Fouad AF. Diabetes mellitus as a modulating factor of endodontic infec- tions. J Dent Educ 2003; 67: 459-67.
  • Fouad AF, Burleson J. The effect of diabetes mellitus on endodontic treat- ment outcome: data from an electronic patient record. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 43-51. [CrossRef]
  • Jimenez-Pinzon A, Segura-Egea JJ, Poyato-Ferrera M, Velasco-Ortega E, Rios-Santos JV. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and frequency of root- filled teeth in an adult Spanish population. Int Endod J 2004; 37: 167-73. [CrossRef]
  • Kirkevang LL, Orstavik D, Wenzel A, Vaeth M. Prognostic value of the full- scale Periapical Index. Int Endod J 2014; 48: 1051-8. [CrossRef]
  • Marques MD, Moreira B, Eriksen HM. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment in an adult, Portuguese population. Int Endod J 1998; 31: 161-5. [CrossRef]
  • De Moor RJ, Hommez GM, De Boever JG, Delme KI, Martens GE. Periapi- cal health related to the quality of root canal treatment in a Belgian pop- ulation. Int Endod J 2000; 33: 113-20. [CrossRef]
  • Lupi-Pegurier L, Bertrand M-F, Muller-Bolla M, Rocca JP, Bolla M. Periapi- cal status, prevalence and quality of endodontic treatment in an adult French population. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 690-7. [CrossRef]
  • Lee JS, Kang BC. Screening panoramic radiographs in a group of pa- tients visiting a Health Promotion Center. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Ra- diol 2005; 35: 199-202.
  • Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. Screening panoramic radiolo- gy of adults in general dental practice: radiological findings. Br Dent J 2001; 190: 495-501. [CrossRef]
  • Boucher Y, Matossian L, Rilliard F, Machtou P. Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence and technical quality of root canal treatment in a French subpopulation. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 229-38. [CrossRef]
  • Eriksen HM, Bjertness E, Ørstavik D. Prevalence and quality of endodon- tic treatment in an urban adult population in Norway. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998; 2: 122-6.
  • Sidaravicius B, Aleksejuniene J, Eriksen HM. Endodontic treatment and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult population of Vilnius, Lithuania. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 6: 210-5. [CrossRef]
  • Ahlquist M, Halling A, Hollender L. Rotational panoramic radiography in epidemiological studies of dental health. Swed Dent J 1986; 10: 79-84.
  • Ridao-Sacie C, Segura-Egea JJ, Fernández-Palacín A, Bullón-Fernández P, Ríos-Santos JV. Radiological assessment of periapical status using the periapical index (PAI): comparison ofperiapical radiography and digital panoramic radiography. Int Endod J 2007; 40: 433-40. [CrossRef]
  • Nishikawa K, Wakoh M, Kuroyanagi K. Suitability of the general-pur- pose graphic printer as an image output device for digital dental x-ray images. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 89: 382-7. [CrossRef]
  • Valachovic RW, Douglass CW, Reiskin AB, Chauncey HH, McNeil BJ. The use of panoramic radiography in the evaluation of asymptomatic adult dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986; 61: 289-96. [CrossRef]
  • Rohlin M, Akesson L, Hakansson J, Hakansson H, Nasstrom K. Comparison between panoramic and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of peri- odontal bone loss. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 1989; 18: 72-6. [CrossRef]
  • Persson RE, Tzannetou S, Feloutzis AG, Brägger U, Persson GR, Lang NP. Comparison between panoramic and intraoral radiographs for the as- sessment of alveolar bone levels in a periodontal maintenance popula- tion. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2003; 30: 833-9. [CrossRef]
  • Johnson GK, Hill M. Cigarette smoking and the periodontal patient. J Periodontol 2004; 75: 196-209. [CrossRef]
  • Labriola A, Needleman I, Moles DR. Systematic review of the effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2005; 37: 124-37. [CrossRef]
  • Aleksejuniene J, Eriksen HM, Sidaravicius B, Haapasalo M. Apical peri- odontitis and related factors in an adult Lithuanian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 90: 95-101. [CrossRef]
  • Das I. Raised C-reactive protein levels in serum from smokers. Clin Chim Acta 1985; 153: 9-13. [CrossRef]
  • Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Macy E, Bovill EG, Cushman M, Cornell ES, et al. Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with car- diovascular disease risk factors and subclinicaldisease in healthy elderly subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 2167-76. [CrossRef]
  • Frohlich M, Sund M, Lowel H, Imhof A, Hoffmeister A, Koenig W. Inde- pendent association of varioussmoking characteristics with markers of systemic inflammation in men. Results from a representative sample of the general population (MONICA Augsburg Survey 1994/95). Eur Heart J 2003;24: 1365-72. [CrossRef]
  • Bender IB, Seltzer S, Freedland J. The relationship of systemic diseases to endodontic failures and treatment procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1963; 16: 1102-15. [CrossRef]
  • Falk H, Hugoson A, Thorstensson H. Number of teeth, prevalence of car- ies and periapical lesions in insulin-dependent diabetics. Scand J Dent Res 1989; 97: 198-206. [CrossRef]
  • Ueta E, Osaki T, Yoneda K, Yamamoto T. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in odontogenic infections and oral candidiasis: an analysis of neutrophil suppression. J Oral Pathol Med 1993; 22: 168-74. [CrossRef]
  • Marotta PS, Fontes TV, Armada L, Lima KC, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of apical periodontitis and end- odontic treatment in an adult Brazilian population. J Endod 2012; 38: 297-300. [CrossRef]

Sigara Kullanımı ve Diabetes Mellitus’un Periapikal Durum ile İlişkisinin Panoramik Radyografi Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 66 - 71, 27.10.2016

Abstract

Amaç: Bu retrospektif vaka-kontrol çalışmasının amacı sigara kullanımı ve
radyografik olarak tanısı konulmuş apikal periodontitis arasındaki ilişkinin
panoramik radyografi kullanılarak Periapikal İndeks skorlama sistemi (PAI) ile
değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntemler: Çalışmada 75 vaka ve 75 kontrol hastalarına ait kayıtlar Marmara
Üniversitesi Oral Diagnoz ve Radyoloji bölümüne ait arşivden elde edilmiştir.
Çalışmaya alınma kriterleri arasında hastaların 20 yaşından büyük olmaları, en
az 8 dişe sahip olmaları ve tam bir klinik ve radyografik muayeneyi kabul etmeleri bulunmaktadır. Vaka grubunu en az bir dişinde radyografik olarak tespit
edilebilen periapikal lezyona sahip hastalar oluşturmaktadır. Kontrol grubunda
ise hastaların hiçbir dişinde periapikal lezyon tespit edilmemiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada periapikal lezyon varlığı ve sigara kullanımı arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır (p>0,05). Ayrıca diabetes
mellitus ve periapikal lezyon mevcudiyeti açısından her iki grup arasında anlamlı bir ilişki görülmemiştir (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışmada sigara kullanımı ve diabetes mellitus ile radyografik
olarak tespit edilen periapikal lezyonlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır

References

  • Park TW, Lee SR, Kim JD, Park CS, Choi SC, Koh KJ, et al. Oral and maxillo- facial radiology. 3rd ed. Seoul: Narae Publishing Inc; 2001. p. 138-45.
  • Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. Aspects of panoramic radiogra- phy in general dental practice. Br Dent J 1999; 186: 342-4. [CrossRef]
  • Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. Routine panoramic radiography of new adult patients in general dental practice: relevance of diagnos- tic yield to treatment and identification of radiographic selection crite- ria. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 93: 488-95. [CrossRef]
  • Kumar V. Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Implant Treatment Planning. JSM Dent 2013; 1: 1008.
  • Kirkevang LL, Wenzel A. Risk indicators for apical periodontitis. Commu- nity Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003; 31: 59-67. [CrossRef]
  • Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM. The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Trauma- tol 1986; 2: 20-34. [CrossRef]
  • Lopez-Lopez J, Jane-Salas E, Martin-Gonzalez J, Castellanos-Cosano L, Llamas-Carreras JM, Velasco-Ortega E, et al. Tobacco smoking and ra- diographic periapical status: a retrospective case-control study. J Endod 2012; 38: 584-8. [CrossRef]
  • Bergstrőm J, Babcan J, Eliasson S. Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112: 115-20. [CrossRef]
  • Duncan HF, Pitt Ford TR. The potential association between smoking and endodontic disease. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 843-54. [CrossRef]
  • Delamaire M, Maugendre D, Moreno M, Le Goff MC, Allannic H, Genetet B. Impaired leukocyte functions in diabetic patients. Diabet Med 1997; 14: 29-34. [CrossRef]
  • Fouad AF. Diabetes mellitus as a modulating factor of endodontic infec- tions. J Dent Educ 2003; 67: 459-67.
  • Fouad AF, Burleson J. The effect of diabetes mellitus on endodontic treat- ment outcome: data from an electronic patient record. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 43-51. [CrossRef]
  • Jimenez-Pinzon A, Segura-Egea JJ, Poyato-Ferrera M, Velasco-Ortega E, Rios-Santos JV. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and frequency of root- filled teeth in an adult Spanish population. Int Endod J 2004; 37: 167-73. [CrossRef]
  • Kirkevang LL, Orstavik D, Wenzel A, Vaeth M. Prognostic value of the full- scale Periapical Index. Int Endod J 2014; 48: 1051-8. [CrossRef]
  • Marques MD, Moreira B, Eriksen HM. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment in an adult, Portuguese population. Int Endod J 1998; 31: 161-5. [CrossRef]
  • De Moor RJ, Hommez GM, De Boever JG, Delme KI, Martens GE. Periapi- cal health related to the quality of root canal treatment in a Belgian pop- ulation. Int Endod J 2000; 33: 113-20. [CrossRef]
  • Lupi-Pegurier L, Bertrand M-F, Muller-Bolla M, Rocca JP, Bolla M. Periapi- cal status, prevalence and quality of endodontic treatment in an adult French population. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 690-7. [CrossRef]
  • Lee JS, Kang BC. Screening panoramic radiographs in a group of pa- tients visiting a Health Promotion Center. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Ra- diol 2005; 35: 199-202.
  • Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. Screening panoramic radiolo- gy of adults in general dental practice: radiological findings. Br Dent J 2001; 190: 495-501. [CrossRef]
  • Boucher Y, Matossian L, Rilliard F, Machtou P. Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence and technical quality of root canal treatment in a French subpopulation. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 229-38. [CrossRef]
  • Eriksen HM, Bjertness E, Ørstavik D. Prevalence and quality of endodon- tic treatment in an urban adult population in Norway. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998; 2: 122-6.
  • Sidaravicius B, Aleksejuniene J, Eriksen HM. Endodontic treatment and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult population of Vilnius, Lithuania. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 6: 210-5. [CrossRef]
  • Ahlquist M, Halling A, Hollender L. Rotational panoramic radiography in epidemiological studies of dental health. Swed Dent J 1986; 10: 79-84.
  • Ridao-Sacie C, Segura-Egea JJ, Fernández-Palacín A, Bullón-Fernández P, Ríos-Santos JV. Radiological assessment of periapical status using the periapical index (PAI): comparison ofperiapical radiography and digital panoramic radiography. Int Endod J 2007; 40: 433-40. [CrossRef]
  • Nishikawa K, Wakoh M, Kuroyanagi K. Suitability of the general-pur- pose graphic printer as an image output device for digital dental x-ray images. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 89: 382-7. [CrossRef]
  • Valachovic RW, Douglass CW, Reiskin AB, Chauncey HH, McNeil BJ. The use of panoramic radiography in the evaluation of asymptomatic adult dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986; 61: 289-96. [CrossRef]
  • Rohlin M, Akesson L, Hakansson J, Hakansson H, Nasstrom K. Comparison between panoramic and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of peri- odontal bone loss. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 1989; 18: 72-6. [CrossRef]
  • Persson RE, Tzannetou S, Feloutzis AG, Brägger U, Persson GR, Lang NP. Comparison between panoramic and intraoral radiographs for the as- sessment of alveolar bone levels in a periodontal maintenance popula- tion. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2003; 30: 833-9. [CrossRef]
  • Johnson GK, Hill M. Cigarette smoking and the periodontal patient. J Periodontol 2004; 75: 196-209. [CrossRef]
  • Labriola A, Needleman I, Moles DR. Systematic review of the effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2005; 37: 124-37. [CrossRef]
  • Aleksejuniene J, Eriksen HM, Sidaravicius B, Haapasalo M. Apical peri- odontitis and related factors in an adult Lithuanian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 90: 95-101. [CrossRef]
  • Das I. Raised C-reactive protein levels in serum from smokers. Clin Chim Acta 1985; 153: 9-13. [CrossRef]
  • Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Macy E, Bovill EG, Cushman M, Cornell ES, et al. Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with car- diovascular disease risk factors and subclinicaldisease in healthy elderly subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 2167-76. [CrossRef]
  • Frohlich M, Sund M, Lowel H, Imhof A, Hoffmeister A, Koenig W. Inde- pendent association of varioussmoking characteristics with markers of systemic inflammation in men. Results from a representative sample of the general population (MONICA Augsburg Survey 1994/95). Eur Heart J 2003;24: 1365-72. [CrossRef]
  • Bender IB, Seltzer S, Freedland J. The relationship of systemic diseases to endodontic failures and treatment procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1963; 16: 1102-15. [CrossRef]
  • Falk H, Hugoson A, Thorstensson H. Number of teeth, prevalence of car- ies and periapical lesions in insulin-dependent diabetics. Scand J Dent Res 1989; 97: 198-206. [CrossRef]
  • Ueta E, Osaki T, Yoneda K, Yamamoto T. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in odontogenic infections and oral candidiasis: an analysis of neutrophil suppression. J Oral Pathol Med 1993; 22: 168-74. [CrossRef]
  • Marotta PS, Fontes TV, Armada L, Lima KC, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of apical periodontitis and end- odontic treatment in an adult Brazilian population. J Endod 2012; 38: 297-300. [CrossRef]
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gaye Keser This is me

Filiz Namdar Pekiner This is me

Publication Date October 27, 2016
Submission Date July 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Keser, G., & Namdar Pekiner, F. (2016). Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 6(2), 66-71.
AMA Keser G, Namdar Pekiner F. Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. July 2016;6(2):66-71.
Chicago Keser, Gaye, and Filiz Namdar Pekiner. “Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (July 2016): 66-71.
EndNote Keser G, Namdar Pekiner F (July 1, 2016) Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 6 2 66–71.
IEEE G. Keser and F. Namdar Pekiner, “Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 66–71, 2016.
ISNAD Keser, Gaye - Namdar Pekiner, Filiz. “Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 6/2 (July 2016), 66-71.
JAMA Keser G, Namdar Pekiner F. Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2016;6:66–71.
MLA Keser, Gaye and Filiz Namdar Pekiner. “Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, 2016, pp. 66-71.
Vancouver Keser G, Namdar Pekiner F. Assessing the Association Among Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, and Periapical Status Using Panoramic Radiography. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2016;6(2):66-71.

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