Fatigue and Physiotherapy in Liver Transplant Recipients

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 278 - 282, 30.09.2019

Tuba Ergene , Didem Karadibak , Kamil Yalcin Polat

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.599730

Cited By: 4

Abstract

         Liver transplantation surgery is a life-saving treatment option for
life-threatening end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure. While the
health-related quality of life of liver transplant recipients is related to the
success of the transplantation procedure; fatigue, malnutrition, loss of muscle
mass, decrease in exercise capacity, negative respiratory and metabolic changes
as the findings of organ failure are among the causes of functional loss in the
posttransplant period. The prevalence of the fatigue, as the frequently
experienced symptom in the end-stage liver diseases, varies depending on the
specific forms of liver disease and it adversely affects pre and postoperative
functional levels of the patients, liver transplantation results and also
survival. The severity of the fatigue decreases after the transplantation
surgery, but it continues to be seen as the most compelling clinical symptom
experienced during the postoperative first year. Current literature data
emphasize the necessity of physiotherapy programs and active early mobilization
which applied in the early period in the intensive care unit following
transplantation surgery and physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches
including strength and endurance training contributes to the functional level
in this population. These findings suggest that there is a need for structured
physiotherapy programs in order to increase muscle strength and exercise
capacity and prevent fatigue.

Keywords

Exercise training, fatigue, liver transplantation, physiotherapy

References

• 1. Lucey MR, Terrault N, Ojo L, Hay JE, Neuberger J, Blumberg E, Teperman LW. Long-term management of the successful adult liver transplant: 2012 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2013; 19(1): 3-26. 2. Lin XH, Teng S, Wang L, Zhang J, Shang YB, Liu HX, Zang YJ. Fatigue and its associated factors in liver transplant recipients in Beijing: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open 2017; 7(2): e011840.
• 3. Dove LM, Brown RS. Liver transplantation in adults: Patient selection and pretransplantation evaluation. UpToDate, Waltham, M.A. 2015; (Accessed on December 4, 2014.). 4. Toshikuni, Nobuyuki, Tomiyasu Arisawa and Mikihiro Tsutsumi. Nutrition and exercise in the management of liver cirrhosis. World journal of gastroenterology 2014; WJG 20(23): 7286.
• 5. Swain, MG. Fatigue in liver disease: pathophysiology and clinical management. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006; 20(3): 181-188.
• 6. Kalaitzakis E, Josefsson A, Castedal M, Henfridsson P, Bengtsson M, Hugosson I, Andersson B, Björnsson E. Factors related to fatigue in patients with cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10(2): 174-181.
• 7. Magalhães CBA, Nogueira IC, Marinho LS, Daher EF, Garcia JHP, Viana CF, de Bruin PFC, Pereira ED. Exercise Capacity Impairment Can Predict Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Liver Transplantation. Respiration 2017; 94(3): 272-278.
• 8. Ney M, Gramlich L, Mathiesen V, Bailey R J, Haykowsky M, Ma M, Abraldes JG, Tandon P. Patient-perceived barriers to lifestyle interventions in cirrhosis. Saudi journal of gastroenterology: official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 2017; 23.2: 97.
• 9. Gross CR, Malinchoc M, Ray Kim W, Evans RW, Wiesner RH, Petz JL, Crippin JS, Klintmalm GB, Levy MF, Ricci P,Therneau TM, Dickson ER. Quality of life before and after liver transplantation for cholestatic liver disease. Hepatology 1999; 29(2): 356–364. 10. Belle SH, Porayko MK, Hoofnagle JH, Lake JR, Zatterman RK Changes in quality of life after liver transplantation among adults. Liver Transplantation 1997; 3: 93–104.
• 11. Van den Berg-Emons R, van Ginneken B, Wijffels M, Tilanus H, Metselaar H, Stam H, Kazemier G. Fatigue is a major problem after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation 2006(a); 12(6):928–933.
• 12. Hong K, Kim H, Lee JM, Lee KW, Yi NJ, Lee HW, Choi YR, Suh SW, Hong SK, Yoon KC, Kim HS, Suh KS. Fatigue and related factors after liver transplantation. Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery 2015; 19(4): 149-153.
• 13. Aadahl M, Hansen BA, Kirkegaard P, Groenvold M. Fatigue and physical function after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002; 8: 251–259.
• 14. van Ginneken BTJ, van den Berg-Emons RJ, Kazemier G, Metselaar HJ, Tilanus HW, Stam HJ. Physical fitness, fatigue, and quality of life after liver transplantation. European journal of applied physiology 2007; 100(3): 345-353.
• 15. Meric Senduran and Ufuk Yurdalan. Physiotherapy in Liver Transplantation. Prof. Hesham Abdeldayem (Ed.). Liver Transplantation-Technical Issues and Complications. InTech. 2012.p.445-54. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/liver-transplantation-technical-issues-andcomplications/physiotherapy-in-liver-transplantation.
• 16. Kasapoğlu B, Yalçın KS, Türkay C. Canlı donörden karaciğer transplantasyonu. Güncel Gastroenteroloji 2010; 14(2): 96-102. 17. Martin P, DiMartini A, Feng S., Brown R., Fallon M. Evaluation for liver transplantation in adults: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Hepatology 2014; 59(3): 1144-1165.
• 18. Burra P, Burroughs A, Graziadei I, Pirenne J, Valdecasas JC, Muiesan P, Samuel D, Forns X. EASL clinical practice guidelines: liver transplantation. Journal of hepatology 2016; 64(2): 433-485.
• 19. Ow MMG, Erasmus P, Minto G, Struthers R, Joseph M, Smith A, Warshow UM, Cramp ME, Cross TJ. Impaired functional capacity in potential liver transplant candidates predicts short‐term mortality before transplantation. Liver Transplantation 2014; 20(9): 1081-1088.
• 20. Peng Y, Qi X, Guo X. Child–Pugh Versus MELD Score for the Assessment of Prognosis in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Medicine 2016; 95(8).
• 21. D’Mello, C, and Swain Mark G. Liver–brain interactions in inflammatory liver diseases: implications for fatigue and mood disorders. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2014; 35: 9-20.
• 22. Stinton L, Swain MG. Fatigue in cirrhosis: is transplant the answer? Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10(2): 103-105.
• 23. Griffiths L and Jones DE. Pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis and its fatigue. Digestive Diseases 2014; 32(5): 615-625. 24. Dasarathy S and Merli M. Sarcopenia from mechanism to diagnosis and treatment in liver disease. Journal of hepatology 2016; 65(6): 1232-1244. 25. Kalaitzakis E, Josefsson A, Castedal M, Henfridsson P, Bengtsson M, Andersson B, Björnsson E. Hepatic encephalopathy is related to anemia and fat-free mass depletion in liver transplant candidates with cirrhosis. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2013; 48(5): 577-584. 26. D'Mello C and Swain MG. Liver-brain inflammation axis. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2011; 301(5): G749-G761.
• 27. Pollak Y, Ovadia H, Orion E. Weidenfeld J, Yirmiya R. The EAE-associated behavioral syndrome: I. Temporal correlation with inflammatory mediators. Journal of neuroimmunology 2003; 137: 94–99.
• 28. McDonald C, Newton J, Lai HM, Baker SN, Jones DE. Central nervous system dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis and its relationship to symptoms. Journal of hepatology 2010; 53(6): 1095-1100.
• 29. Lemyze M, Dharancy S, Nevière R, Wallaert B. Cardiopulmonary response to exercise in patients with liver cirrhosis and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Respiratory medicine 2011; 105(10): 1550-1556.
• 30. Terziyski K, Andonov V, Marinov B, Kostianev S. Exercise performance and ventilatory efficiency in patients with mild and moderate liver cirrhosis. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2008; 35(2): 135-140.
• 31. Koya S, Kawaguchi T, Hashida R, Goto E, Matsuse H, Saito H, Hirota K, Taira R, Matsushita Y, Imanaga M, Nagamatsu A, Shirono T, Shimose S, Iwamoto H, Niizeki T, Kuromatsu R, Miura H, Shiba N, Torimura T. Effects of in‐hospital exercise on liver function, physical ability, and muscle mass during treatment of hepatoma in patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology Research 2017; 47(3).
• 32. Alameri HF, Sanai FM, Al Dukhayil M, Azzam NA, Al-Swat KA, Hersi AS, Abdo AA. Six minute walk test to assess functional capacity in chronic liver disease patients. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007; 13(29): 3996.
• 33. Golse N, Bucur PO, Ciacio O, Pittau G, Sa Cunha A, Adam R, Castaing D, Antonini T, Coilly A, Samuel D, Cherqui D, Vibert E. A new definition of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation 2017; 23(2): 143-154.
• 34. Lemyze M, Dharancy S, Wallaert B. Response to exercise in patients with liver cirrhosis: implications for liver transplantation. Digestive and Liver Disease 2013; 45(5): 362-366.
• 35. Kaido T, Tamai Y, Hamaguchi Y, Okumura S, Kobayashi A, Shirai H, Yagi S, Kamo N, Hammad A, Inagaki N, Uemoto S. Effects of pretransplant sarcopenia and sequential changes in sarcopenic parameters after living donor liver transplantation. Nutrition 2017; 33: 195-198. 36. Bernal W, Martin‐Mateos R, Lipcsey M, Tallis C, Woodsford K, Mcphail MJ, Willars C, Auzinger G, Sizer E, Heneghan M, Cottam S. Aerobic capacity during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and survival with and without liver transplantation for patients with chronic liver disease. Liver Transplantation 2014; 20(1): 54-62. 37. Pieber K, Crevenna R, Nuhr MJ, Quittan M, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Fialka-Moser V, Wiesinger GF. Aerobic capacity, muscle strength and health-related quality of life before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: preliminary data of an Austrian transplantation centre. Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2006; 38(5): 322-328.
• 38. Stephenson AL, Yoshida EM, Abboud RT, Fradet G, Levy RD. Impaired exercise performance after successful liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 72(6): 1161-1164.
• 39. Beyer N, Aadahl M, Strange B, Kirkegaard,P, Hansen BA, Mohr T, Kjær, M. Improved physical performance after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation 1999; 5(4): 301-309.
• 40. Feltracco P, Barbieri S, Galligioni H, Michieletto E, Carollo C, Ori C. Intensive care management of liver transplanted patients. World journal of hepatology 2011; 3(3): 61.
• 41. Senduran M, Yurdalan SU, Karadibak D, Gunerli A. Haemodynamic effects of physiotherapy programme in intensive care unit after liver transplantation. Disability and rehabilitation 2010; 32(17): 1461-1466.
• 42. Limongi V, Dos Santos DC, da Silva AMDO, Boin IDFSF, Stucchi RSB. Exercise manual for liver disease patients. World journal of transplantation 2016; 6(2): 429.
• 43. Van Ginneken BTJ, Van Den Berg-emons HJG, Metselaar HJ, Tilanus HW, Kazemier G, Stam HJ. Effects of a rehabilitation programme on daily functioning, participation, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression in liver transplant recipients. Disability and rehabilitation 2010; 32(25): 2107-2112.
• 44. van den Berg-Emons R, Kazemier G, van Ginneken B, Nieuwenhuijsen C, Tilanus H, Stam H. Fatigue, level of everyday physical activity and quality of life after liver transplantation. Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2006; 38(2): 124-129.
• 45. Jones JC, Coombes JS, Macdonald GA. Exercise capacity and muscle strength in patients with cirrhosis. Liver transplantation 2012; 18(2): 146-151.
• 46. Foroncewicz B, Mucha K, Szparaga B, Raczyńska J, Ciszek M, Pilecki T, Krawczyk M, Pączek L. 2011, October. Rehabilitation and 6-minute walk test after liver transplantation. Transplantation proceedings. Vol. 43. No. 8, pp. 3021-3024). Elsevier.
• 47. Moya‐Nájera D, Moya‐Herraiz Á, Compte‐Torrero L, Hervás D, Borreani S, Calatayud J, Berenguer M, Colado JC. Combined resistance and endurance training at a moderate‐to‐high intensity improves physical condition and quality of life in liver transplant patients. Liver Transplantation 2017; 23(10): 1273-1281. 48. Garcia AMC, Veneroso CE, Soares DD, Lima AS, Correia MITD. Effect of a physical exercise program on the functional capacity of liver transplant patients. Transplantation proceedings 2014; 46(6): 1807-1808. Elsevier.
• 49. Basha MA, Mowafy ZE, Morsy EA. Sarcopenic obesity and dyslipidemia response to selective exercise program after liver transplantation. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics 2015; 16(3): 263-268.