Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 210 - 216, 29.09.2020

Abstract

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

YOK

References

  • [1] Reid G, Bruce AW. Urogenital infections in women: can prebiotics help? Postgrad Med J 2003;79:428–32.
  • [2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Candidacies. 2009; http: //www. cdc.gov /-nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/candidiasis_gi.html#- (access: 30.04.2018).
  • [3] Ünsal A, Özyazıcıoğlu N, Sezgin S. Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Individuals Living in a Town in the Eastern Black Sea Region and Nine Villages Attached to It. Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences Magazine 2010; 13(2):12-9.
  • [4] Ardahan M, Bay L. Knowledge levels of vaginal discharge and individual hygiene of 1st and 4th grade students of School of Nursing. Ege Medical Journal 2009; 48(1):33-43.
  • [5] Pınar T, Çakmak ZA, Saygun M, Pınar G, Ulu N. Risk factors for abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnancy. Journal of Medical Research 2009; 7: 79-86.
  • [6] Zincir H, Temel AB.The Application of RİA in accordance with the principle of private consultancy and Genital Hygiene Education and the Relation between Vulvovaginal Infections. Journal of Health Sciences 2010; 19(1): 60-67.
  • [7] Orak NŞ, Canuygur A. Investigation of genital hygiene behaviors of patients in gynecology clinic. Balıkesir Health Science Magazine 2014; 3(3).
  • [8] Gray M, Bliss DZ, Doughty DB, Ermer-Seltun JA, Kennedy-Evans KL, Palmer MH. Incontinence-associated dermatitis: a consensus. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2007; 34(1): 45-54.
  • [9] Özkan İA, Kulakaç Ö. Genital hygiene behavior in female prisoners. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences 2011;14(2):31-8.
  • [10] Temel M, Metinoğlu M. An examination of genital hygiene practices in women aged 15-49 who applied to the I. and IV. Health care centers in Tekirdağ. Journal of Nursing of İ.U.F.N 2007;15: 91-99.
  • [11] Yağmur Y.Genital hygiene behaviors of 15-49 year old women living in Fırat Healthcare center area in Malatya. Bulletin of TSK Preventive Medicine 2007; 6: 325-330.
  • [12] Timur S. Genital hygiene behaviors of female students staying at a university dormitory. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 2010; 5: 39-48.
  • [13] Koştu N, Taşcı KD. Determining the reproductive health protective attitudes of the women aged 15-49. Atatürk University Nursing School Magazine 2009; 12(1): 91-97.
  • [14] Ege E, Eryılmaz G. The effect of planned education given to women on genital hygiene behaviors. Journal of Atatürk University School of Nursing 2006,9 (3): 8-16.[15] Koştu N, Beydağ KD.Genital hygiene behaviors of women who applied to gynecology policlinic. Ataturk University Journal of Nursing School 2009; 12 (1): 66-71.
  • [16] Kavlak O, Saruhan A, Er S, Şen E, Sevil Ü. Determining the pregnancy genital hygiene behavior. Ege University Nursing School Magazine 2010; 26(1): 53.
  • [17] Dalbudak S, Bilgili N. Genital hygiene behaviors of women who apply to the GATA gynecological and obstetric outpatient clinic and the effects of these behaviors on the vaginal infection. Gülhane Medical Journal 2013;55: 281-287.
  • [18] Erbil N, Bölükbaş N, Belkıran E, Balcı A. Factors Affecting and Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Married Women. Turkey Clinics Journal of Nursing 2013; 5(2): 71-78.
  • [19] Yeşilçiçek Çalık K, İnce G, Peşken H, Yolsal N, Turan B.Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Married Women Applying to Gynecology Polyclinic: Trabzon, Black Sea Newborn and Nursing Congress 2013; Trabzon.
  • [20] Taşkın L. Birth and Women's Health Nursing: Reproductive System Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. XI. Edition. Ankara: System Ofset Printing 2012; p. 585-607.
  • [21] Günalp GS, Tuncer ZS. Gynecology and obstetrics diagnosis and treatment. Pelikan Publications 2004; Page: 539-556.
  • [22] Khan SA, Amir F, Altaf S, Tanveer R. Evaluation of common organisms causing vaginal discharge. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2009;21(2):90-3.
  • [23] Holloway D. Nursing considerations in patients with vaginitis. British Journal of Nursing 2010;19(16):1040-6.
  • [24] Özkan S, Demir Ü.Determining the effectiveness of nurse diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors of vaginitis in women aged 15- 49. Health and Society 2002;12(4):54-61.
  • [25] Cangöl E,Tokuç B. The incidence of genital infection and genital hygiene behaviors in women who applied to gynecology polyclinic. F.N. Nursing Journal 2013; 21 (2): 85-91.
  • [26] Cankaya S, Ege E. The relation between the genital hygiene behaviors of women and urogenital symptoms. Turkey Clinics J Nurs Sci2014; 6(2): 94-101.
  • [27] Polat E, Sirekbasan S, Yıldırım Z, Bağdatlı Y, Çepni I, Çift T, Baltalı ND. Comparing the occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis infections today to ten years ago among women prostitutes and gynecology and obstetrics patients in Istanbul. Turkey Parazitol Journa 2011; 35(2): 68-71. [PMID:21776589]
  • [28] Yasmin S, Mukherjee A. A cyto-epidemiological study on married women in reproductive age group (15-49 years) regarding reproductive tract infection in a rural community of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2012; 56, 3, 204-9. [PMID:23229212].
  • [29] Ramia S, Kobeissi L, El Kak F, Shamra S, Kreidieh K, Zurayk H. Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among married non-pregnant women living in a low-income suburb of Beirut, Lebanon. J Infect Dev Ctries 2012; 17, 6, 9, 680-3. [PMID:23000869].
  • [30] Dan M, Poc, F, Levin D. High rate of vaginal infections caused by non-C. Albicans candida species among asymptomatic women. Medical Mycology 2002; 40:383-386.
  • [31] Patel V, Pednekar S, Weiss H, Rodrigues M, Barros P, Nayak B, et al. Why do women complain of vaginal discharge? A population survey of infectious and psychosocial risk factors in a south Asian community. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34(4):853–862.
  • [32] Prasad JH, Abraham S, Kurz KM, George V, Lalitha MK, John R, et al. Reproductive tract infections among young married women in Tamil Nadu, India. Int Fam Plan Perspect 2005;31(2):73-82.
  • [33] Hacıalioğlu N, İnandı T, Pasinlioğlu T. The incidence of genital tract infections and risk factors in women applying to the maternal and child health and family planning center. Journal of Atatürk University and School of Nursing 2000; 3(2): 11-18.
  • [34] Akpınar S. An assessment of genital hygiene behavior of women. T.C. İnönü University Health Sciences Institute 2014.
  • [35] Öner S, Demirhindi H, Erdoğan Ş, Tuncer İ, Şaşmaz T,Sütoluk Z, Akbaba MD.The prevalence of genital infection in women aged 15 -49 around healthcare centers. MEÜ Medicine Faculty Journal 2004; 5(2): 138-144.
  • [36] Ortaylı N, Amca M, Say L, Özgür S, Nalbant H. Investigation of bacterial vaginosis frequency and factors affecting it. Turkey Journal of Clinical Obstetrics Gynecology Turkey 2000;10(1).
  • [37] Kısa S, Taskin L. Validity of the symptomatic approach used by nurses in diagnosing vaginal infections. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18(7):1059- 689.
  • [38] Bezircioğlu İ, Öniz A. Evaluation of direct microscopic vaginal discharge samples of patients with complaints of vaginal discharge. Sted Derg 2004;13(11):422-5.
  • [39] Karaer A, Boylu M, Avşar AF. Vaginitis in Turkish women: symptoms, epidemiologic-microbiologic association. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2005;121(1):211-5.

Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 210 - 216, 29.09.2020

Abstract

Objectives:
This
descriptive study was carried out with the purpose of determining the
genital hygiene behaviors and the effects of these behaviors on vaginal
infections.



Methods:
The
study included 266 voluntary married women in the 20-49 age range, registered
at the University Hospital in Trabzon,
Turkey. The data were collected with a questionnaire, Genital Hygiene Behavior
Inventory (GHBI), gynecological examination and Pap smear test. The results were evaluated through
descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, average, and
standard deviation), one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal Wallis
and Mann Whitney U tests. 



Results:
GHBI
average of women was found to be 77.41±9.05. There were statistically
significant difference in genital hygiene behaviors between women with regards
to women’s education, profession, presence or absence of social security,
income, husband’s work and education, number of pregnancies, total number of
children, spontaneous abortion, presence of vaginal discharge and the duration
of complaints (p<0.05).
54.9% of the women reported that they had vaginal discharge. Of these
women, 45.1% had pathological vaginal discharge and odor (34.6%) and burning
(35%) complaints. The speculum examination showed that 42.6% had pathological
discharge and the incidence of genital infection was 79% in the Pap smear.
According to the speculum examination, 71.4% of the women were found to have
either pathological or non-pathological discharge in any case.



Conclusions:
i
t
was found that the average GHBI scores of the women were slightly above
the medium level, that some wrong and inadequate genital hygiene practices of
women increased the risk of vaginal infection.

Project Number

YOK

References

  • [1] Reid G, Bruce AW. Urogenital infections in women: can prebiotics help? Postgrad Med J 2003;79:428–32.
  • [2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Candidacies. 2009; http: //www. cdc.gov /-nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/candidiasis_gi.html#- (access: 30.04.2018).
  • [3] Ünsal A, Özyazıcıoğlu N, Sezgin S. Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Individuals Living in a Town in the Eastern Black Sea Region and Nine Villages Attached to It. Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences Magazine 2010; 13(2):12-9.
  • [4] Ardahan M, Bay L. Knowledge levels of vaginal discharge and individual hygiene of 1st and 4th grade students of School of Nursing. Ege Medical Journal 2009; 48(1):33-43.
  • [5] Pınar T, Çakmak ZA, Saygun M, Pınar G, Ulu N. Risk factors for abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnancy. Journal of Medical Research 2009; 7: 79-86.
  • [6] Zincir H, Temel AB.The Application of RİA in accordance with the principle of private consultancy and Genital Hygiene Education and the Relation between Vulvovaginal Infections. Journal of Health Sciences 2010; 19(1): 60-67.
  • [7] Orak NŞ, Canuygur A. Investigation of genital hygiene behaviors of patients in gynecology clinic. Balıkesir Health Science Magazine 2014; 3(3).
  • [8] Gray M, Bliss DZ, Doughty DB, Ermer-Seltun JA, Kennedy-Evans KL, Palmer MH. Incontinence-associated dermatitis: a consensus. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2007; 34(1): 45-54.
  • [9] Özkan İA, Kulakaç Ö. Genital hygiene behavior in female prisoners. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences 2011;14(2):31-8.
  • [10] Temel M, Metinoğlu M. An examination of genital hygiene practices in women aged 15-49 who applied to the I. and IV. Health care centers in Tekirdağ. Journal of Nursing of İ.U.F.N 2007;15: 91-99.
  • [11] Yağmur Y.Genital hygiene behaviors of 15-49 year old women living in Fırat Healthcare center area in Malatya. Bulletin of TSK Preventive Medicine 2007; 6: 325-330.
  • [12] Timur S. Genital hygiene behaviors of female students staying at a university dormitory. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 2010; 5: 39-48.
  • [13] Koştu N, Taşcı KD. Determining the reproductive health protective attitudes of the women aged 15-49. Atatürk University Nursing School Magazine 2009; 12(1): 91-97.
  • [14] Ege E, Eryılmaz G. The effect of planned education given to women on genital hygiene behaviors. Journal of Atatürk University School of Nursing 2006,9 (3): 8-16.[15] Koştu N, Beydağ KD.Genital hygiene behaviors of women who applied to gynecology policlinic. Ataturk University Journal of Nursing School 2009; 12 (1): 66-71.
  • [16] Kavlak O, Saruhan A, Er S, Şen E, Sevil Ü. Determining the pregnancy genital hygiene behavior. Ege University Nursing School Magazine 2010; 26(1): 53.
  • [17] Dalbudak S, Bilgili N. Genital hygiene behaviors of women who apply to the GATA gynecological and obstetric outpatient clinic and the effects of these behaviors on the vaginal infection. Gülhane Medical Journal 2013;55: 281-287.
  • [18] Erbil N, Bölükbaş N, Belkıran E, Balcı A. Factors Affecting and Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Married Women. Turkey Clinics Journal of Nursing 2013; 5(2): 71-78.
  • [19] Yeşilçiçek Çalık K, İnce G, Peşken H, Yolsal N, Turan B.Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Married Women Applying to Gynecology Polyclinic: Trabzon, Black Sea Newborn and Nursing Congress 2013; Trabzon.
  • [20] Taşkın L. Birth and Women's Health Nursing: Reproductive System Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. XI. Edition. Ankara: System Ofset Printing 2012; p. 585-607.
  • [21] Günalp GS, Tuncer ZS. Gynecology and obstetrics diagnosis and treatment. Pelikan Publications 2004; Page: 539-556.
  • [22] Khan SA, Amir F, Altaf S, Tanveer R. Evaluation of common organisms causing vaginal discharge. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2009;21(2):90-3.
  • [23] Holloway D. Nursing considerations in patients with vaginitis. British Journal of Nursing 2010;19(16):1040-6.
  • [24] Özkan S, Demir Ü.Determining the effectiveness of nurse diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors of vaginitis in women aged 15- 49. Health and Society 2002;12(4):54-61.
  • [25] Cangöl E,Tokuç B. The incidence of genital infection and genital hygiene behaviors in women who applied to gynecology polyclinic. F.N. Nursing Journal 2013; 21 (2): 85-91.
  • [26] Cankaya S, Ege E. The relation between the genital hygiene behaviors of women and urogenital symptoms. Turkey Clinics J Nurs Sci2014; 6(2): 94-101.
  • [27] Polat E, Sirekbasan S, Yıldırım Z, Bağdatlı Y, Çepni I, Çift T, Baltalı ND. Comparing the occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis infections today to ten years ago among women prostitutes and gynecology and obstetrics patients in Istanbul. Turkey Parazitol Journa 2011; 35(2): 68-71. [PMID:21776589]
  • [28] Yasmin S, Mukherjee A. A cyto-epidemiological study on married women in reproductive age group (15-49 years) regarding reproductive tract infection in a rural community of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2012; 56, 3, 204-9. [PMID:23229212].
  • [29] Ramia S, Kobeissi L, El Kak F, Shamra S, Kreidieh K, Zurayk H. Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among married non-pregnant women living in a low-income suburb of Beirut, Lebanon. J Infect Dev Ctries 2012; 17, 6, 9, 680-3. [PMID:23000869].
  • [30] Dan M, Poc, F, Levin D. High rate of vaginal infections caused by non-C. Albicans candida species among asymptomatic women. Medical Mycology 2002; 40:383-386.
  • [31] Patel V, Pednekar S, Weiss H, Rodrigues M, Barros P, Nayak B, et al. Why do women complain of vaginal discharge? A population survey of infectious and psychosocial risk factors in a south Asian community. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34(4):853–862.
  • [32] Prasad JH, Abraham S, Kurz KM, George V, Lalitha MK, John R, et al. Reproductive tract infections among young married women in Tamil Nadu, India. Int Fam Plan Perspect 2005;31(2):73-82.
  • [33] Hacıalioğlu N, İnandı T, Pasinlioğlu T. The incidence of genital tract infections and risk factors in women applying to the maternal and child health and family planning center. Journal of Atatürk University and School of Nursing 2000; 3(2): 11-18.
  • [34] Akpınar S. An assessment of genital hygiene behavior of women. T.C. İnönü University Health Sciences Institute 2014.
  • [35] Öner S, Demirhindi H, Erdoğan Ş, Tuncer İ, Şaşmaz T,Sütoluk Z, Akbaba MD.The prevalence of genital infection in women aged 15 -49 around healthcare centers. MEÜ Medicine Faculty Journal 2004; 5(2): 138-144.
  • [36] Ortaylı N, Amca M, Say L, Özgür S, Nalbant H. Investigation of bacterial vaginosis frequency and factors affecting it. Turkey Journal of Clinical Obstetrics Gynecology Turkey 2000;10(1).
  • [37] Kısa S, Taskin L. Validity of the symptomatic approach used by nurses in diagnosing vaginal infections. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18(7):1059- 689.
  • [38] Bezircioğlu İ, Öniz A. Evaluation of direct microscopic vaginal discharge samples of patients with complaints of vaginal discharge. Sted Derg 2004;13(11):422-5.
  • [39] Karaer A, Boylu M, Avşar AF. Vaginitis in Turkish women: symptoms, epidemiologic-microbiologic association. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2005;121(1):211-5.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kıymet Yesilçiçek Çalık 0000-0001-7146-3385

Reyhan Erkaya 0000-0002-9061-2742

Gülnur İnce This is me 0000-0001-8403-5195

Nazende Korkmaz Yıldız 0000-0003-0336-4224

Project Number YOK
Publication Date September 29, 2020
Submission Date May 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yesilçiçek Çalık, K., Erkaya, R., İnce, G., Korkmaz Yıldız, N. (2020). Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 10(3), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.565845
AMA Yesilçiçek Çalık K, Erkaya R, İnce G, Korkmaz Yıldız N. Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. September 2020;10(3):210-216. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.565845
Chicago Yesilçiçek Çalık, Kıymet, Reyhan Erkaya, Gülnur İnce, and Nazende Korkmaz Yıldız. “Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 10, no. 3 (September 2020): 210-16. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.565845.
EndNote Yesilçiçek Çalık K, Erkaya R, İnce G, Korkmaz Yıldız N (September 1, 2020) Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 10 3 210–216.
IEEE K. Yesilçiçek Çalık, R. Erkaya, G. İnce, and N. Korkmaz Yıldız, “Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 210–216, 2020, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.565845.
ISNAD Yesilçiçek Çalık, Kıymet et al. “Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 10/3 (September 2020), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.565845.
JAMA Yesilçiçek Çalık K, Erkaya R, İnce G, Korkmaz Yıldız N. Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2020;10:210–216.
MLA Yesilçiçek Çalık, Kıymet et al. “Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 2020, pp. 210-6, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.565845.
Vancouver Yesilçiçek Çalık K, Erkaya R, İnce G, Korkmaz Yıldız N. Genital Hygiene Behaviors Of Women And Their Effect On Vaginal Infections. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2020;10(3):210-6.

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