Identifying Genital Hygiene Behaviours of Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Regions: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 375 - 381, 30.12.2020

Sibel Şeker Funda Çitil Canbay Nasim Firouz Ceylan Cesur

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.671328

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Objective: The research was done to identify the genital hygiene behaviors pregnant women in rural and urban regions.

Methods: This research was done in analytical cross-sectional design at a maternity and children hospital in Aegean Region between April 15-October 2019. 278 pregnant women, who applied for follow-up and accepted to participate in the research, were included in the research. The data were collected through personal information form and Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used in data analysis. Significance was accepted as p <0.05.

Results: It was identified that 26.9% of pregnant women in rural regions were primary school graduate and 44.4% were secondary school graduate. It was found that 32.4% of pregnant women living in urban regions were high school graduate and 31.2% had bachelor’s degree. A statistically significant relationship was identified between educational status and genital hygiene behaviors of pregnant women (p<0.05). Depending on their living places, Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory mean score was calculated as 77.98±12.19 those living in rural regions and 81.29±11.22 for those living in urban regions. It was found that Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory levels of pregnant women living in urban regions was higher than those living in rural regions at a statistically significant level (p<0.05).

Conclusion: It was identified that living place, educational status, employment status, age status and marriage year affected genital hygiene behavior. it is suggested that health professionals provide genital hygiene training to the pregnant women living in rural regions and with a low level of income through protective and preventive approach.

Keywords

Pregnancy, Genital Hygiene, Rural, Urban, Reproductive health

References

• Referans1 Arslan H, Kömürcü N, Yıldız Eryılmaz H, Gençalp NS, Engin Yiğit F, Ekşi Z, Can Gürkan Ö, Coşkuner Potur D, Ek Sayın D, Çıtak Bilgin N. Üreme sağlığı bilinci geliştirme projesi. Genital Akıntılar. HEAD 2008;5(1):34-40.
• Referans2 Temel M, Metinoğlu M. Tekirdağ iline bağlı I. ve IV. nolu sağlık ocaklarına başvuran 15-49 yaş kadınlarda genital hijyen uygulamalarının incelenmesi. FNJN 2007;15:91-99.
• Referans3 Bahram A, Hamid B, Zohre T. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and impact of genital hygiene practices in non pregnant women in zanjan, Iran. Oman Med J 2009; 24(4):288-93. Doi: 10.5001/omj.2009.58.
• Referans4 Yağmur Y. Malatya ili Fırat Sağlık Ocağı bölgesinde yaşayan 15-49 yaş kadınların genital hijyen davranışları. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2007;6(5):325-330.
• Referans5 Taşkın L. Üreme sistemi enfeksiyonları ve cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği, Akademisyen Kitapevi, Genişletilmiş XV. Baskı, 2016, ISBN: 975-94661-0-4. 595-618.
• Referans6 Faure E, Faure K, Figeac M, Kipnis E, Grandjean T, Dubucquoi S, Villenet C, Grandbastien B, Brabant G, Subtil D, Dessein R. Vaginal mucosal homeostatic response may determine pregnancy outcome in women with bacterial vaginosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95(5):2668. Doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002668.
• Referans7 Han C, Li H, Han L, Wang C, Yan Y, Qi W, Fan A, Wang Y, Xue F. Aerobic vaginitis in late pregnancy and outcomes of pregnancy. Eur J Microbiol Infect Dis 2019;38(2):233-239. Doi:10.1007/s10096-018-3416-2.
• Referans8 Badran YA, El-Kashef TA, Abdelaziz AS, Ali MM. Impact of genital hygiene and sexual activity on urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Urol Ann 2015;7(4):478-81. Doi: 10.4103/0974-7796.157971.
• Referans9 Giraldo PC, Amaral RLG, Juliato C, Eleutério J, Brolazo E, Gonçalves AKS. The effect of “breathable” panty liners on the female lower genital tract. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2011;115:1–64. Doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.04.016.
• Referans10 Pontes AC, Amaral RLG, Giraldo PC, Beghini J, Giraldo HPD, Cordeiro ES. A systematic review of the effect of daily panty liner use on the vulvovaginal environment. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2014;127:1–5. Doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.06.017.
• Referans11 Demba E, Morison L, van der Loeff MS, Awasana AA, Gooding E, Bailey R, et al. Bacterial vaginosis, vaginal flora patterns and vaginal hygiene practices in patients presenting with vaginal discharge syndrome in The Gambia, West Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2005;5(12):1-12. Doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-12.
• Referans12 Aslan E, Bechelaghem N. To 'douche' or not to 'douche': hygiene habits may have detrimental effects on vaginalmicrobiota. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018;38(5):678-681. Doi: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1395398.
• Referans13 Kahyaoğlu Süt H. 18-49 Yaş arası kadınlarda genital hijyen davranışları ile genital enfeksiyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. DÜ Sağlık Bil Enst Derg 2016;6(1):8-1.
• Referans14 Topatan S, Demirci N. The efficiency of reproduction health education given to adolescents during the postpartum period. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015;28(5):1-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.06.006.
• Referans15 Ege E, Eryılmaz G. Kadınlara verilen planlı eğitimin genital hijyen davranışlarına etkisi. J Anatol Nurs Health Sci 2006;9(3):8-16.
• Referans16 Ege E, Eryılmaz G. Genital hijyen davranışları envanterinin (GHDE) geliştirilmesi. A.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2005;8(3):67-75.
• Referans17 Ilgaz A, Sevinç Ö, Uzun SU. İki farklı aile sağlığı merkezinde kayıtlı doğurgan çağdaki evli kadınların genital hijyen davranışları. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2015;14(2):153-160.
• Referans18 Kavak O, Saruhan A, Er S, Şen E, Sevil Ü. Gebelerin genital hijyen davranışlarının belirlenmesi. E.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi 2010;26(1):53-63.
• Referans19 Kamga YM, Ngunde JP, Akoachere JKT. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated risk factors in pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the Kumba Health District (KHD), Cameroon. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019;19(1):166. Doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2312-9.
• Referans20 Şahin Orak N, Canuygur A. Jinekoloji kliniğinde yatan hastaların genital hijyen davranışlarının incelenmesi. Balikesir Saglik Bil Derg 2014;3(3):130-134. Doi: 10.5505/bsbd.2014.21043.
• Referans21 Çankaya S, Ege E. Evli kadınların genital hijyen davranışlarının ürogenital semptomlar ile ilişkisi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci 2014;6(2):94-101.
• Referans22 Masha SC, Wahome E, Vaneechoutte M, Cools P, Crucitti T, Sanders E. High prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in a rural county hospital in Kilifi, Kenya. PLoS One 2017;12(3):e0175166. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175166.
• Referans23 Yağmur Y, Orhan Ergin İ. Mevsimlik tarım işçisi kadınların yaşam koşulları ve genital hijyen uygulamaları. J Int Soc Araştırmalar Res 2017;10(51):614-620.
• Referans24 Yılmaz Y, Kahraman S. Şanlıurfa’da Adölesan dönemde kızların genital bölge ve hijyeni ile ilgili bilgi, uygulamaları ve etkileyen faktörler. İnt J H Sci 2019;16(3):823-832. Doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i3.5678.
• Referans25 Thakur A, Gupta B, Gupta A, Chauhan R. Risk factors for cancer cervix among rural women of a hilly state: A case-control study. Indian J Public Health 2015;59(1):45-8. Doi: 10.4103/0019-557X.152862.
• Referans26 Ege E, Timur S, Zincir H, Egri M, Sunar Reeder B. Women's douching practices and related attitudes in eastern Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007;33(3):353-9.
• Referans27 Joseph Davey DL, Shull HI, Billings JD, Wang D, Adachi K, Klausner JD. Prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women in low and middle-income countries from 2010 to 2015: A systematic review. Sex Transm Dis 2016;43(7):450-8. Doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000460.