The Effect of High Body Mass Index on Self-Esteem and Sexual Functions in Obese Females Admitted to The Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 683 - 688, 26.10.2021

Anvar AHMEDOV Yeşim AHMEDOV

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.748259

Abstract

Objective: Obesity can be defined as body weight above the desired level. Obesity has gone beyond being a cosmetic problem and is now referred to as a disease, and there is a currently significantly increasing number of studies examining the relationship between the obesity and psychopathology. The psychological and social effects of obesity also affect the self-confidence of the individual and the behavioral orientation at the onset of sexual intercourse and avoidance. The aim of this study was to determine whether high body mass index has an effect on selfesteem and sexual functions in obese women who were referred to an obesity center.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between 1.11.2018 and 15.01.2020. A total of 202 patients referred from the plastic surgery department to the obesity centre were included in the study. All the patients were assessed twice within a 7-month period with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Body Perception Scale and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale.
Results: Of the 202 women evaluated, 66.3% were in the 51-70 years age range, and 52% had a body mass index in the range of 35-39.9. Evaluation of the two applications of the scales showed a significant positive relationship between the first scale and the second scale scores seven months after weight loss.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a decrease in body weight had a positive effect on body perception and on sexual satisfaction.

Keywords

Obesity, sexual satisfaction, self esteem, body perception

References

• 1. Engin, A. The definition and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In Obesity and Lipotoxicity 2017; 1-17. Springer, Cham. PMID: 28585193. 2. Soykan A. The reliability and validity of Arizona sexual experiences scale in Turkish ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Int J Impot Res 2004; 16:531-534. PMID: 15175639.
• 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/defining.html
• 4. Norbert Stefan, MD; Konstantinos Kantartzis, MD; Jürgen Machann, PhD; et al Identification and Characterization of Metabolically Benign Obesity in Humans. Arch Intern Med 2008; doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1609
• 5. Korugan U, Damci T, Ozbey N (editors). Clinical obesity. İstanbul: O Obesity Working Group Publication 2000; Roche Yayınları.
• 6. Derby CA, Mohr BA, Goldstein I, Feldman HA, Johannes CB, Mckinlay JB. Modifiable risk factors and erectile dysfunction: can lifestyle changes modify risk? Urology 2000.; 56:302-306. PMID: 10925098.
• 7. Adolfsson B, Elofsson S, Rössner S, Unden AL. Are sexual dissatisfaction and sexual abuse associated with obesity? A population-based study. Obes Res 2004; 12:1702-1709. PMID: 15536235.
• 8. Caldwell MB, Brownell KD, Wilfley DE. Relationship of weight, body dissatisfaction and self esteem in African American and white female dieters. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1997; 22; 127-130. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199709)22:2<127::AID-EAT2>3.0.CO;2-H
• 9. Sarwer DB, Wadden TA, Foster GDAssesment of body image dissatisfaction of obese women: specificity, severity, and clinical significance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1998; 66;651-654. PMID: 9735582.
• 10. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA 1999; 281:537- 544. PMID: 10022110.
• 11. Kettaş E, Çayan F, Akbay E, Kiykim A, Cayan S. Sexual dysfunction and associated risk factors in women with end-stage renal disease. J Sex Med 2008.; 5:872-877.
• 12. Baysal A. Nutrition, 5th Edition, Hacettepe University Press, A / 61, 1990; Ankara.
• 13. Çuhadaroğlu F. Self-esteem in adolescents. Master thesis 1986; Ankara.
• 14. Hovardaoğlu S. Reliability and validity study of body perception scale. In: Özdemir YD (1990). Satisfaction levels of schizophrenic and major depressive patients from body images. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences 1990; Ankara.
• 15. McGahuey CA, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA, Moreno FA, Delgado PL, McKnight KM, Manber R. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): reliability and validity. J Sex Marital Ther 2000; 26:25-40. PMID: 10693114.
• 16. Prevention and management of the global epidemic of obesity. Report of the WHO Consultation on Obesity. Geneva 1997; WHO 2
• 17. Tüzün M, Kabalak T, Yılmaz C. General features of obesity-definition, frequency, diagnosis, classification, types, degrees and complications. In: Yılmaz C, editor. Obesity and Its Treatment, Istanbul: March Printing 1999; 11-28.
• 18. Bray GA. Classification and evolution of the obesities. Med Clin North Am 1989; 73: 161-184. PMID: 2643002.
• 19. WHO Technical Report Series-854: Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Antropometry. 1 Edition Geneva 1995; WHO.
• 20. Taras HL, Sallis JF, Patterson TL ve ark. Television’s influence on children’s diet and physical activity. J Devel Behav Pediatr 1989; 10;176-180. PMID: 2768484.
• 21. Buchowski M.S, Sun M. Energy expenditure, television viewing and obesity. Int J Obes 1996; 20:236-244. PMID: 8653145.
• 22. Wilson DJ, Foster DW, Kronenberg MH, Larsen PR. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 9th Edition, WB. Saunders Company 1998; Philadelphia.
• 23. Ganley RM. Emotion and eating in obesity: a review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord 1989; 8; 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198905)8:3<343::AID-EAT2260080310>3.0.CO;2-C
• 24. Canetti L, Bachar E, Berry EM. Food and emotion. Behav Process 2002; 60;157-164. DOI: 10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00082-7
• 25. Telch CF, Agras WS. Obesity, binge eating and psychopathology: Are they related? Int J Eat Disord 1994; 5: 53-61. PMID: 8124327.
• 26. French SA. Self-esteem and change in BMI over three years in a cohort of adolescencts. Obes Res 1996;427-33. PMID: 8787935.
• 27. Pınar R. Depression, self-esteem and body image in obese: a comparative study. CU Journal of Nursing School; 2002: 6 (1); 30-41. 98
• 28. Ogden J, Evans C. The problem with weighting: effects on mood, self-esteem and baody image. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord; 1996:20(3);272-277. PMID: 8653150.
• 29. Kartal ŞMA. Obesity and its psychological correlates: Appearance-esteem, Selfesteem and Loneliness. Unpublished Master Dissertation, Ankara, Ankara University. 1996.
• 30. Galletly C, Clark A, Tomlinson L ve ark. A group program for obese, infertile women: weight loss and improved psychological health. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 1996:17;125-128. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674829609025672.
• 31. Rosen, JC, Orosan P, and Reiter J. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for negative body image in obese women. Behaviour Therapy, 1995:26;25-42. PMID: 8819023.
• 32. Cash TF. Body image and weight changes in a multisite comprehensive very low calorie diet program. Behavior Therapy, 1994:25;239-254. DOI:10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80286-2
• 33. Esposito K, Ciotola M, Giugliano F, Bisogni C, Schisano B, Autorino R, Cobellis L, De Sio M, Colacurci N, Giugliano D. Association of body weight with sexual function in women. Int J Impot Res 2007; 19:353-357. PMID: 17287832.
• 34. Weaver AD, Byers ES. The relationships among body image, body mass index, exercise, and sexual functioning in heterosexual women. Psychol Women Q 2006; 30:333-339. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00308.x
• 35. Kettaş E, Çayan F, Akbay E, Kiykim A, Cayan S. Sexual dysfunction and associated risk factors in women with end-stage renal disease. J Sex Med 2008; 5:872-877
• 36. Kolotkin RL, Crosby RD, Williams GR, Hartley GG, Nicol S. The relationship between health-related quality of life and weight loss. Obes Res 2001; 9:564-571. PMID: 11557837.