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Assessment of Oral Health in Elders with and without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 849 - 855, 26.10.2021

Ilgın Asena Cebeci Damla Ozturk Basak Dogan Nural Bekiroğlu

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730

Abstract

Objective: Assessment and comparison of oral health status in elders with and without Alzheimer's disease.
Methods: This age and gender matched cross-sectional study included participants from an Alzheimer’s day care center, and a nursing home. Mental state, oral and periodontal health, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR), and other dry mouth conditions were examined. Group comparisons, and correlation analysis were performed.
Results: Thirty-six elders with AD and 37 elders without AD were included. Elders had similar GOHAI scores, USFR level (p>0.05). Elders with AD had lower probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), and higher presence of no periodontitis than the elders without AD (p<0.05). However elders with AD had higher use of mouth drying medication and presence of halitosis complaint than the elders without AD. The higher age of elders with AD was related with worsening gingival index, and bleeding on probing conditions. Also poor periodontal health conditions of bleeding on probing, PD and CALwere associated with the poor GOHAI Behavioral Effects score in elders with AD.
Conclusion: Personalized care and supporting oral care education of the caregivers could maintain the oral health of elders with AD.

Keywords

Alzheimer disease oral health quality of life dementia periodontitis

References

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  • [2] Perkins P, Annegers JF, Doody RS, Cooke N, Aday L, Vernon SW. Incidence and prevalence of dementia in a multiethnic cohort of municipal retirees. Neurology 1997;49(1):44-50. doi:10.1212/wnl.49.1.44.
  • [3] Fleminger S, Oliver DL, Lovestone S, Rabe-Hesketh S, Giora A. Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: the evidence 10 years on; a partial replication. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(7):857-862. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.74.7.857.
  • [4] Gilleard CJ. Is Alzheimer’s disease preventable? A review of two decades of epidemiological research. Aging Ment Health 2000;4(2):101-118. doi:10.1080/13607860050008628.
  • [5] Jablonski RA, Kolanowski A, Therrien B, Mahoney EK, Kassab C, Leslie DL. Reducing care-resistant behaviors during oral hygiene in persons with dementia. BMC Oral Health 2011;11:30. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-11-30.
  • [6] Chalmers JM, Carter KD, Spencer AJ. Caries incidence and increments in community-living older adults with and without dementia. Gerodontology 2002;19(2):80–94. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2002.00080.x.
  • [7] Delwel S, Binnekade TT, Perez RS, Hertogh CM, Scherder EJ, Lobbezoo F. Oral hygiene and oral health in older people with dementia: a comprehensive review with focus on oral soft tissues. Clin Oral Investig 2018;22(1):93–108. doi: 10.1007/s00784-017-2264-2.
  • [8] Nordenram G, Ryd-kjellen E, Ericsson K, Winblad B. Dental management of Alzheimer patients. A predictive test of dental cooperation in individualized treatment planning. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55(3):148–154. doi: 10.3109/00016359709115408.
  • [9] Glossary of Periodontal Terms. 4th ed. Chicago, Illinois: The American Academy of Periodontology; 2001: 39.
  • [10] Carewska TL, Davies M, West NX: Periodontitis: A potential risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Br Dent J 2015;218(1):29-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1137.
  • [11] Sreebny LM, Schwartz SS. A reference guide to drugs and dry mouth: 2nd edition. Gerodontology 1997;14(1):33-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.1997.00033.x.
  • [12] Tonsekar PP, Jiang SS, Yue G. Periodontal disease, tooth loss and dementia: is there a link? A systematic review. Gerodontology 2017; 34: 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12261.
  • [13] Gil-Montoya JA, Barrios R, Sánchez-Lara I, Carnero-Pardo C, Fornieles-Rubio F, Montes J, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Bravo M. Prevalence of drug-induced xerostomia in older adults with cognitive ımpairment or dementia: An observational study. Drugs Aging 2016;33(8):611-8. doi: 10.1007/s40266-016-0386-x.
  • [14] Ergül S, Akar GC. Reliability and validity of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index in Turkey. J Gerontol Nurs 2008;34(9):33-38. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20080901-05.
  • [15] Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12(3):189-198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.
  • [16] Oral health surveys: basic methods 5th edition. WHO; 2013:47-55.
  • [17] WHO handbook for reporting results of cancer treatment. Geneva: WHO; 1979:15-17.
  • [18] Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condtion. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:121-135. doi: 10.3109/00016356408993968.
  • [19] Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963;21:533-551. doi: 10.3109/00016356309011240.
  • [20] Eke PI, Page RC, Wei L, Thornton-Evans G, Genco RJ. Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2012;83(12):1449-54. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.110664.
  • [21] Atchison KA, Dolan TA. Development of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. J Dent Educ 1990;54(11):680-687. doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.1990.54.11.tb02481.x.
  • [22] Navazesh M, Kumar SKS. Measuring salivar flow. J Am Dent Assoc 2008:139(2);35S-40S. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0353. Accessed September 5, 2020.
  • [23] Ribeiro GR, Costa JL, Ambrosano GM, Garcia RC. Oral health of elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012;114(3);338–343. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.028.
  • [24] Hatipoglu MG, Kabay SC, Güven G. The clinical evaluation of the oral status in Alzheimer-type dementia patients. Gerodontolgy 2011;28(4):302-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00401.x.
  • [25] Ming Y, Hsu S-W, Yen Y-Y, Lan S-J. Association of oral health–related quality of life and Alzheimer disease: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2019;124(2):168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.015
  • [26] Warren JJ, Chalmers JM, Levy SM, Blanco VL, Ettinger RL. Oral health of persons with and without dementia attending a geriatric clinic. Spec Care Dentist 1997;17(2):47–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1997.tb00866.x.
  • [27] Marchini L, Ettinger R, Caprio T, Jucan A. Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: An update. Spec Care Dentist 2019;39(3):262–273. doi: 10.1111/scd.12375.
  • [28] Rolim ST, Fabri GMC, Nitrini R, Anghinah R, Teixeira MJ, de Siqueira JT, Cestari JA, de Siqueira SR. Oral infections and orofacial pain in Alzheimer’s disease: a case-control study. J Alzheimers Dis 2014;38(4):823–829. doi: 10.3233/JAD-131283.
  • [29] Aragon F, Zea-Sevilla MA, Montero J, Sancho P, Corral R, Tejedor C, Frades-Payo B, Paredes-Gallardo V, Albaladejo A. Oral health in Alzheimer’s disease: a multicenter case-control study. Clin Oral Investig 2018;22(9):3061-3070. doi.org: 10.1007/s00784-018-2396-z.
  • [30] Hoben M, Clarke A, Huynh KT, Kobagi N, Kent A, Hu H, Pereira RAC, Xiong T, Yu K, Xiang H, Yoon MN. Barriers and facilitators in providing oral care to nursing home residents, from the perspective of care aides: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2017;73:34-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.003.
  • [31] Gao SS, Chen KJ, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. The oral health status of chinese elderly people with and without dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17(6):1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061913.
  • [32] Martande SS, Pradeep AR, Singh SP, Kumari M, Suke DK, Raju AP, Naik SB, Singh P, Guruprasad CN, Chatterji A. Periodontal health condition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014;29(6):498-502. doi: 10.1177/1533317514549650.
  • [33] Unlüer S, Gökalp S, Doğan BG. Oral health status of the elderly in a residential home in Turkey. Gerodontology 2007:24(1): 22-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00136.x.
  • [34] Mohammed A.A. Update knowledge of dry mouth- A guideline for dentists. Afr Health Sci 2014;14(3):736-742. doi:10.4314/ahs.v14i3.33.

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 849 - 855, 26.10.2021

Ilgın Asena Cebeci Damla Ozturk Basak Dogan Nural Bekiroğlu

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730

Abstract

References

  • [1] 2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2020;16(3) :391-460. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12068.
  • [2] Perkins P, Annegers JF, Doody RS, Cooke N, Aday L, Vernon SW. Incidence and prevalence of dementia in a multiethnic cohort of municipal retirees. Neurology 1997;49(1):44-50. doi:10.1212/wnl.49.1.44.
  • [3] Fleminger S, Oliver DL, Lovestone S, Rabe-Hesketh S, Giora A. Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: the evidence 10 years on; a partial replication. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(7):857-862. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.74.7.857.
  • [4] Gilleard CJ. Is Alzheimer’s disease preventable? A review of two decades of epidemiological research. Aging Ment Health 2000;4(2):101-118. doi:10.1080/13607860050008628.
  • [5] Jablonski RA, Kolanowski A, Therrien B, Mahoney EK, Kassab C, Leslie DL. Reducing care-resistant behaviors during oral hygiene in persons with dementia. BMC Oral Health 2011;11:30. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-11-30.
  • [6] Chalmers JM, Carter KD, Spencer AJ. Caries incidence and increments in community-living older adults with and without dementia. Gerodontology 2002;19(2):80–94. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2002.00080.x.
  • [7] Delwel S, Binnekade TT, Perez RS, Hertogh CM, Scherder EJ, Lobbezoo F. Oral hygiene and oral health in older people with dementia: a comprehensive review with focus on oral soft tissues. Clin Oral Investig 2018;22(1):93–108. doi: 10.1007/s00784-017-2264-2.
  • [8] Nordenram G, Ryd-kjellen E, Ericsson K, Winblad B. Dental management of Alzheimer patients. A predictive test of dental cooperation in individualized treatment planning. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55(3):148–154. doi: 10.3109/00016359709115408.
  • [9] Glossary of Periodontal Terms. 4th ed. Chicago, Illinois: The American Academy of Periodontology; 2001: 39.
  • [10] Carewska TL, Davies M, West NX: Periodontitis: A potential risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Br Dent J 2015;218(1):29-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1137.
  • [11] Sreebny LM, Schwartz SS. A reference guide to drugs and dry mouth: 2nd edition. Gerodontology 1997;14(1):33-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.1997.00033.x.
  • [12] Tonsekar PP, Jiang SS, Yue G. Periodontal disease, tooth loss and dementia: is there a link? A systematic review. Gerodontology 2017; 34: 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12261.
  • [13] Gil-Montoya JA, Barrios R, Sánchez-Lara I, Carnero-Pardo C, Fornieles-Rubio F, Montes J, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Bravo M. Prevalence of drug-induced xerostomia in older adults with cognitive ımpairment or dementia: An observational study. Drugs Aging 2016;33(8):611-8. doi: 10.1007/s40266-016-0386-x.
  • [14] Ergül S, Akar GC. Reliability and validity of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index in Turkey. J Gerontol Nurs 2008;34(9):33-38. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20080901-05.
  • [15] Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12(3):189-198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.
  • [16] Oral health surveys: basic methods 5th edition. WHO; 2013:47-55.
  • [17] WHO handbook for reporting results of cancer treatment. Geneva: WHO; 1979:15-17.
  • [18] Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condtion. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:121-135. doi: 10.3109/00016356408993968.
  • [19] Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963;21:533-551. doi: 10.3109/00016356309011240.
  • [20] Eke PI, Page RC, Wei L, Thornton-Evans G, Genco RJ. Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2012;83(12):1449-54. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.110664.
  • [21] Atchison KA, Dolan TA. Development of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. J Dent Educ 1990;54(11):680-687. doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.1990.54.11.tb02481.x.
  • [22] Navazesh M, Kumar SKS. Measuring salivar flow. J Am Dent Assoc 2008:139(2);35S-40S. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0353. Accessed September 5, 2020.
  • [23] Ribeiro GR, Costa JL, Ambrosano GM, Garcia RC. Oral health of elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012;114(3);338–343. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.03.028.
  • [24] Hatipoglu MG, Kabay SC, Güven G. The clinical evaluation of the oral status in Alzheimer-type dementia patients. Gerodontolgy 2011;28(4):302-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00401.x.
  • [25] Ming Y, Hsu S-W, Yen Y-Y, Lan S-J. Association of oral health–related quality of life and Alzheimer disease: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2019;124(2):168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.015
  • [26] Warren JJ, Chalmers JM, Levy SM, Blanco VL, Ettinger RL. Oral health of persons with and without dementia attending a geriatric clinic. Spec Care Dentist 1997;17(2):47–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1997.tb00866.x.
  • [27] Marchini L, Ettinger R, Caprio T, Jucan A. Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: An update. Spec Care Dentist 2019;39(3):262–273. doi: 10.1111/scd.12375.
  • [28] Rolim ST, Fabri GMC, Nitrini R, Anghinah R, Teixeira MJ, de Siqueira JT, Cestari JA, de Siqueira SR. Oral infections and orofacial pain in Alzheimer’s disease: a case-control study. J Alzheimers Dis 2014;38(4):823–829. doi: 10.3233/JAD-131283.
  • [29] Aragon F, Zea-Sevilla MA, Montero J, Sancho P, Corral R, Tejedor C, Frades-Payo B, Paredes-Gallardo V, Albaladejo A. Oral health in Alzheimer’s disease: a multicenter case-control study. Clin Oral Investig 2018;22(9):3061-3070. doi.org: 10.1007/s00784-018-2396-z.
  • [30] Hoben M, Clarke A, Huynh KT, Kobagi N, Kent A, Hu H, Pereira RAC, Xiong T, Yu K, Xiang H, Yoon MN. Barriers and facilitators in providing oral care to nursing home residents, from the perspective of care aides: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2017;73:34-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.003.
  • [31] Gao SS, Chen KJ, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. The oral health status of chinese elderly people with and without dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17(6):1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061913.
  • [32] Martande SS, Pradeep AR, Singh SP, Kumari M, Suke DK, Raju AP, Naik SB, Singh P, Guruprasad CN, Chatterji A. Periodontal health condition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014;29(6):498-502. doi: 10.1177/1533317514549650.
  • [33] Unlüer S, Gökalp S, Doğan BG. Oral health status of the elderly in a residential home in Turkey. Gerodontology 2007:24(1): 22-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00136.x.
  • [34] Mohammed A.A. Update knowledge of dry mouth- A guideline for dentists. Afr Health Sci 2014;14(3):736-742. doi:10.4314/ahs.v14i3.33.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ilgın Asena Cebeci 0000-0002-6982-2366

Damla Ozturk This is me 0000-0003-3631-803X

Basak Dogan 0000-0002-3602-4886

Nural Bekiroğlu 0000-0001-6471-6612

Publication Date October 26, 2021
Submission Date August 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Cebeci, I. A., Ozturk, D., Dogan, B., Bekiroğlu, N. (2021). Assessment of Oral Health in Elders with and without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 11(4), 849-855. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730
AMA Cebeci IA, Ozturk D, Dogan B, Bekiroğlu N. Assessment of Oral Health in Elders with and without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. October 2021;11(4):849-855. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730
Chicago Cebeci, Ilgın Asena, Damla Ozturk, Basak Dogan, and Nural Bekiroğlu. “Assessment of Oral Health in Elders With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 849-55. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730.
EndNote Cebeci IA, Ozturk D, Dogan B, Bekiroğlu N (October 1, 2021) Assessment of Oral Health in Elders with and without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 11 4 849–855.
IEEE I. A. Cebeci, D. Ozturk, B. Dogan, and N. Bekiroğlu, “Assessment of Oral Health in Elders with and without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 849–855, 2021, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730.
ISNAD Cebeci, Ilgın Asena et al. “Assessment of Oral Health in Elders With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 11/4 (October 2021), 849-855. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730.
JAMA Cebeci IA, Ozturk D, Dogan B, Bekiroğlu N. Assessment of Oral Health in Elders with and without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2021;11:849–855.
MLA Cebeci, Ilgın Asena et al. “Assessment of Oral Health in Elders With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, 2021, pp. 849-55, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.983730.
Vancouver Cebeci IA, Ozturk D, Dogan B, Bekiroğlu N. Assessment of Oral Health in Elders with and without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2021;11(4):849-55.
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