An Evaluation of Death Depression and Death Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 845 - 852, 30.12.2022

Elif Okur Nesrin Nural

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.894683

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the level of death depression and death anxiety in patients with COPD. Method: The sample of this cross-sectional and descriptive study including patients’ views consisted of 104 patients diagnosed with COPD and hospitalized in a hospital’s pulmonary disease clinic in Turkey. Number, percentage, mean, regression, and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results: The most disturbing symptom of COPD was found to be dyspnea (71.2%), cough (17.3%), and sputum (11.5%). 44.2% of the patients had mild, 40.4% had moderate death anxiety levels, and 51% were in a depressive mood. According to the regression analysis, the death depression total score is predictable based on marital status, disease duration, presence of respiratory disease in patients, and patients’ selfcare levels (R: 0.556, R2: 0.310, F: 3.401, p: 0.000). The Anxiety about Death Process-Pain and Suffering subscale score is also predictable depending on the marital status, duration of the disease, desire to know the truth in case of deadly disease, and the level of meeting self-care needs (R: 0.563, R2: 0.317, F: 3.520, p: 0.000). Conclusion: Nurses should monitor the following patients more closely in terms of death depression and death anxiety; those with high dyspnea, those with a history of respiratory disease, single or widowed patients, those with a disease of long duration, those who have difficulties meeting self-care needs and those who do not want to know the diagnosis in case of a deadly disease.

Keywords

COPD, Death, Depression, Dyspnea, Nursing

Thanks

We would like to thank all COPD patients who sincerely agreed to participate in the study and contributed by sharing their information with us.

References

• [1] Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD (2020 Reports). Available from: URL: http:// www.goldcopd.orghttps://goldcopd.org/wp-content/ uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV. pdf (22.08.2020).
• [2] Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2017). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD (2017 Reports). Available from: URL: http://www. goldcopd.org. (12.12.2019).
• [3] Yohannes AM, Kaplan A, Hanania NA. Anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: recognition and management. Cleve Clin J Med 2018; 85(2 Suppl 1):11-18.
• [4] Borges-Santos E, Wada JT, da Silva CM, Silva RA, Stelmach R, Carvalho CR. Anxiety and depression are related to dyspnea and clinical control but not with thoracoabdominal mechanics in patients with COPD. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2015;210:1-6.
• [5] Atlantis E, Fahey P, Cochrane B, Smith S. Bidirectional associations between clinically relevant depression or anxiety and COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2013;144:766-777.
• [6] Strang S, Ekberg-Jansson A, Henoch I. Experience of anxiety among patients with severe COPD: A qualitative, in-depth interview study. Palliat Support Care. 2014;12:465-72.
• [7] Barnett M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A phenomenological study of patients’ experiences. J Clin Nurs 2005;14:805-12.
• [8] Aydın HT, Tokyıldız F, Karagözoğlu Ş, Özden D. Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the perspective of patients: A phenomenological study. Florence Nightingale J Nurs 2012;20:177-183.
• [9] Aydemir Y, Doğu Ö, Amasya A, Yazgan B, Gazioğlu EÖ, Gündüz H. Evaluation of anxiety and depression with patient characteristics in patients with chronic respiratory and heart disease. Sakarya Med J 2015;5:199-203.
• [10] Şahan E, Eroglu MZ, Karatas MB, Mutluer B, Ugurpala C, Berkol TD. Death anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction or cancer. Egypt Heart J 2018;70:143-147.
• [11] Acehan G, Eker F. Levels of death anxiety, death related depression of health personnel providing emergency medical services, and their coping methods. J Psychiatr Nurs 2013;4:2735.
• [12] Magrebi Kurt T, Akçay S. Examining death anxiety and depression level related to death of the elderly lıvıng ın nursıng home. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences 2020;19:21002118.
• [13] Günen H, Hacievliyagil SS, Yetkin O, Gülbaş G, Mutlu LC, Pehlivan E. Prevalence of COPD: First epidemiological study of a large region in Turkey. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:499-504.
• [14] Dean AG, Sullivan KM, Soe MM. OpenEpi: open source epidemiologic statistics for public health, version. Available from: URL: http://www.openepi. com/Menu/OE_Menu.htm. (20.03.2019).
• [15] Thorson JA, Powell FC. A revised death anxiety scale. Death Stud 1992;16:507-521.
• [16] Karaca F, Yıldız M. A study on the reliability and validity of Thorson-Powell’s death anxiety scale in the normal population. Tabula-Rasa 2001;1:43-55.
• [17] Templer DI, Lavoie M, Chalgujian H, Thomas-Dobson S. The measurement of death depression. J Clin Psychol 1990; 46:834-839.
• [18] Yaparel R, Yıldız M. A study on the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of death depression scale in the normal population. Turkish journal of psychiatry 1998;9:198-204.
• [19] Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999;54:581-586.
• [20] Öztürk Z, Karakuş G, Tamam L. Death anxiety in elderly cases. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2011;12:37-43.
• [21] Gökçek Ö, Hüzmeli ED, Katayıfçı N. The effect of dsypnea on quality of life and depression in patıents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acibadem University Health Sciences Journal 2019;10:84-88.
• [22] Di Marco F, Verga M, Reggente M, Casanovaa FM, Santusa P, Blasib F. Anxiety and depression in COPD patients: The roles of gender and disease severity. Respir Med 2006;100: 17671774.
• [23] de Voogd JN, Sanderman R, Postema K, van Sonderen E, Wempe JB. Relationship between anxiety and dyspnea on exertion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Anxiety, Stress & Coping 2011;24:439-449.
• [24] Kayhan S, Akpınar A, Murat. Analysis of depression and anxiety levels in patients with dyspnea. J Clin Anal Med 2013 4:281285.
• [25] Yalom ID. Looking at the Sun, Facing Death. Babayiğit ZI, ed. Istanbul: Turkey, Kabalcı 2008.p.18-19.
• [26] Zerzan J, Stearns S, Hanson L. Access to palliative care and hospice in nursing homes. JAMA; 284:2489-2494.
• [27] Tutuk Mehel SP, Altun ŞÖ. Determination of hospital anxiety and depression levels of patients admitted to hospitals with COPD Diagnosis. Journal of Continuing Medical Education (STED) 2014;23: 216-224.
• [28] Bayrak B, Oğuz S, Karabulut Z, Çelik S, Kodak C. Determination of death anxiety in heart failure patients. Turk J Cardiovasc Nurs 2019;10:97-104.
• [29] Nal B, Aydın Avcı I, Ayyildiz M. The correlation between death anxiety and anxiety in elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prog Health Sci 2016;6:63-69.
• [30] Ye C, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Ji J, Chen H. Anxiety, depression, and associated factors among inpatients waiting for heart transplantation. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2013;25(3):165– 173.
• [31] Işıl Ö, Karaca S. What happens and can be said as death approaches: A review. Journal of Nursing Science and Art of Maltepe University 2009;2:82-87. [32] Dougherty K, Templer DI, Brown R. Psychological states in terminal cancer patients as measured over time. J Couns Psychol 1986;33:357-359.