Clinical and Biochemical Effects of Smoking on Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Grade III Stage C Periodontitis Patients

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 218 - 227, 28.03.2023

Volkan Arıkan Nimet Gül Görgülü Başak Doğan

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1128101

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on clinical parameters and the serum and saliva levels of RANKL, OPG, and IL-34 in periodontitis stage III grade C (III-C) patients after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).
Methods: A total of 60 subjects, 40 periodontitis-III-C patients (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 20 non-smoker periodontally healthy individuals, were included. All clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and unstimulated saliva and serum samples were collected from all patients at baseline, but at 1 and 3 months only from periodontitis patients (N=40). Saliva and serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and IL-34 were analyzed by ELISA.
Results: At baseline only whole mouth probing depth (PD) and percent of sites with PD>5mm were higher in smokers than non-smoker periodontitis patients (p<.05). All periodontal measurements significantly improved in both periodontitis groups after NSPT (p<.001). After NSPT, the reduction in gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and mean PD in sites initially PD≥5mm were lower in smokers than nonsmoker periodontitis patients (p>.05). Only saliva IL-34 levels were higher in all-periodontitis patients than healthy individuals (p=.001) and decreased in both periodontitis groups after NSPT (p<.05). Moreover, elevated serum RANKL level was detected in smokers compared to nonsmoker periodontitis or healthy ones at baseline (p<.05). Serum RANKL levels exhibited no change after NSPT in either periodontitis groups.
Conclusions: The smokers are less responsive to NSPT, and saliva IL-34 can be a potential inflammatory marker of periodontitis-III-C. Moreover, high serum RANKL levels are associated with smoking.

Keywords

periodontitis, smoking, interleukin-34, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, osteoprotegerin

Supporting Institution

Marmara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı

Project Number

SAG-C-DRP-241018-0569

Thanks

The authors thank the biochemist S. Çolpan from Farmasina Research Laboratory for technical assistance in the biochemical analysis.

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