The Effect of Preventive Nursing Interventions on Reduction of Obesity Risk University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 22 - 31, 28.03.2024

Tuba Özaydın , Belgin Akın

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1033982

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of an obesity prevention program to decrease obesity risk on university students at risk.
Methods: This is a parallel-group randomized controlled trial that is suitable for the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. The study was carried out at a University in Turkey. The study participants were 70 students (experiments 35 and control 35). The obesity prevention program, which includes education and practices about eating habits and physical activity, and motivational messages,
was implemented for 11 weeks. Nutrition training attitude score, exercise nutrition behavior score and exercise benefit/barrier score, body mass index, waist size ratio, and body fat percentage are the outcomes of the research. Dependent samples t-test, independent t-test, and intention to treat (ITT) were used for data analysis.
Results: The difference between the experimental group and the control group was statistically significant in attitude and behavior of nutrition exercise (p<.05). The difference between the experimental and control groups was significant in terms of scores on the exercise benefit/barrier scale (p<.05) but not significant on anthropometric measures. In the experimental group, the pre-test and the post-test differed in body mass index (BMI) and it was found that BMI was reduced after the obesity prevention program (p<.05).
Conclusions: This study is important to reduce obesity risk among university students.

Keywords

Nursing, nutrition, obesity, exercise, randomized controlled trials, university students

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by Research Fund of the Selcuk University

Project Number

Project Number: 15102038

Thanks

The authors wish to thank the students who participated in the trial and Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinator.

References

• World Health Organization. Obesity : preventing and managing the global epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Published [5 June 1997]. Updated [16 June 2012]. Accessed [17 May 2021]. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/63854?localeattribute=fr&show=full.
• World Health Organization. Global health observatory data: World Health Organization 2017. Published [2017]. Accessed [03 October 2020]. http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/obesity_text/en/.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Health at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris. Published [04 November 2015]. Accessed [17 April 2019]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2015-en.
• Satman İ, Grup T. Türkiye diyabet, hipertansiyon, obezite ve endokrinolojik hastalıklar prevalans çalışması (TURDEP-II) Sonuçları. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Geleneksel İç Hastalıkları Günleri: İnteraktif Güncelleştirme 2011. İstanbul, Turkey. 2011;25-28. (Turkish)
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health. General Directorate of Public Health. Prevalence of Obesity in Turkey. Published [2017]. Accessed [12 May 2021]. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/obezite.
• Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Samuels TA, Özcan NK, Mantilla C, Rahamefy OH, Wong ML, Gasparishvili A. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among university students from 22 countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014; 11(7):7425-7441. DOI:10.3390/ijerph110707425
• Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: Causes and consequences. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2015;4(2):187-192. DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.154628
• De Lorenzo A, Romano L, Di Renzo L, Di Lorenzo N, Cenname G, Gualtieri P. Obesity: A preventable, treatable, but relapsing disease. Nutrition. 2020;71:110615. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110615
• Wieland LS, Falzon L, Sciamanna CN, Trudeau KJ, Folse SB, Schwartz JE, Davidson, KW. Interactive computer-based interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance in overweight or obese people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;15;8 (8). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007675
• Hebden L, Chey T, Allman‐Farinelli M. Lifestyle intervention for preventing weight gain in young adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs. Obesity Reviews 2012;13(8):692-710. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.00990.x
• Johns DJ, Hartmann-Boyce J, Jebb SA, Aveyard P. Diet or exercise interventions vs combined behavioral weight management programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparisons. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2014;114(10):1557-1568. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.07.005
• Suarez C, Worley A, Grimmer-Somers K, Dones V. Schoolbased interventions on childhood obesity: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009;37(5):418-427. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.012
• Hutchesson MJ, Hulst J, Collins CE. Weight management interventions targeting young women: A systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2013;113(6):795-802. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.01.015
• Barte JC, Veldwijk J, Teixeira PJ, Sacks FM, Bemelmans WJ. Differences in weight loss across different BMI classes: A meta analysis of the effects of interventions with diet and exercise. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2014;21(5):784-793. DOI: 10.1007/s12529.013.9355-5
• Fock KM, Khoo J. Diet and exercise in management of obesity and overweight. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2013;28(4):59-63. DOI:10.1111/jgh.12407
• Balani R, Herrington H, Bryant E, Lucas C, Kim SC. Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and self-regulation as predictors of overweight and obesity. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 2019;31(9):502-510. DOI: 10.1097/JXX.000.000.0000000169
• Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMC Med. 2010;8(18): 1-9. DOI:10.1186/1741-7015-8-18.
• World Health Organization. Global health observatory data repository. Overweight / Obesity,Obesity (body mass index≥30) Published [2008]. Accessed [05 October 2020]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicatordetails/GHO/prevalence-of-obesity-among-adults-bmi-=-30- (age-standardized-estimate)-(-).
• World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Published [May 2017]. Accessed [08 January 2018]. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/706319.
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods 2007;39(2):175-191. DOI: 10.3758/bf03193146
• Yurt S, Save D, Yildiz A. Adolesanlar için beslenme egzersiz davranışlarını değerlendirme ölçüm aracının geliştirilmesi, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Public Health Nursing-Special Topics 2016;2(1):19-25. (Turkish)
• Sechrist KR, Walker SN, Pender NJ. Development and psychometric evaluation of the exercise benefits/barriers scale. Research in Nursing & Health 1987;10(6):357-365. DOI:10.1002/nur.477.010.0603
• Ortabağ T, Ceylan S, Akyuz A, Bebis H. The validity and reliability of the exercise benefits/barriers scale for Turkish military nursing students. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation. 2010;32(2):55-70. DOI: 10.4314/sajrs.v32i2.59297
• Özaydın T, Akin B. Obesity prevention program for university students: A randomized controlled study protocol. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştirma Dergisi 2019;16(1):27-32.DOI: :10.5222/HEAD.2019.027
• Whittemore R, Jeon S, Grey M. An internet obesity prevention program for adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 2013;52(4):439-447. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.07.014
• Yurt S, Yildiz A. Kilolu Adölesanlara uygulanan motivasyon görüşmelerinin beslenme tutumu, davranışları ve kilo üzerine etkisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Public Health Nursing-Special Topics 2016;2(1):7-13. (Turkish)
• Topaz M, Golfenshtein N, Bowles KH. The Omaha System: A systematic review of the recent literature. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2014;21(1):163-170. DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001491.
• Llauradó E, Aceves-Martins M, Tarro L, Papell-Garcia I, Puiggròs F, Arola L, Giralt M. A youth-led social marketing intervention to encourage healthy lifestyles, the EYTO (European Youth Tackling Obesity) project: a cluster randomised controlled0 trial in Catalonia, Spain. BMC Public Health 2015;15(1):1-12. DOI 10.1186/s12889.015.1920-1
• Matvienko O, Lewis DS, Schafer E. A college nutrition science course as an intervention to prevent weight gain in female college freshmen. Journal of Nutrition Education 2001;33(2):95-101. DOI: 10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60172-3
• Ajie WN, Novakofski KM. Impact of computer-mediated, obesity-related nutrition education interventions for adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescent Health 2014;54(6):631-645. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.019
• Bohman B, Ghaderi A, Rasmussen F. Training in methods of preventing childhood obesity increases self-efficacy in nurses in child health services: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 2014;46(3):215-218. DOI:10.1016/j.jneb.2013.10.006
• Nourian M, Kelishadi R, Najimi A. Lifestyle interventions and weight control of adolescents with abdominal obesity: A Randomized controlled trial based on health belief model. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2017;19(2): e30638. DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.30638.
• Laska MN, Lytle LA, Nanney MS, Moe SG, Linde JA, Hannan PJ. Results of a 2-year randomized, controlled obesity prevention trial: Effects on diet, activity and sleep behaviors in an at-risk young adult population. Preventive Medicine 2016;(89):230-236.DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.001
• Leme ACB, Lubans DR, Guerra PH, Dewar D, Toassa EC, Philippi ST. Preventing obesity among Brazilian adolescent girls:Six-month outcomes of the Healthy Habits, Healthy Girls–Brazil school-based randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 2016;86:77-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.020
• Gatto NM, Martinez LC, Spruijt‐Metz D, Davis JN. LA sprouts randomized controlled nutrition, cooking and gardening programme reduces obesity and metabolic risk in Hispanic/Latino youth. Pediatric Obesity 2017;12(1):28-37. DOI:10.1111/ijpo.12102
• Mummah S, Robinson TN, Mathur M, Farzinkhou S, Sutton S, Gardner CD. Effect of a mobile app intervention on vegetable consumption in overweight adults: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2017;14(1):1-10. DOI 10.1186/s12966.017.0563-2
• Lubans DR, Smith JJ, Plotnikoff RC, Dally KA, Okely AD, Salmon J, Morgan PJ. Assessing the sustained impact of a school-based obesity prevention program for adolescent boys: The ATLAS cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2016;13(1):1-12. DOI 10.1186/s12966.016.0420-8
• Franz MJ, VanWormer JJ, Crain AL, Boucher JL, Histon T, Caplan W, Pronk N. P.Weight-loss outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight-loss clinical trials with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2007;107(10):1755-1767. DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.017
• LaRose JG, Tate DF, Gorin AA, Wing RR. Preventing weight gain in young adults: a randomized controlled pilot study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2010;39(1):63-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.011
• Correa-Rodríguez M, González-Jiménez E, Fernández-Aparicio Á, Luis Gómez-Urquiza J, Schmidt-RioValle J, Rueda-Medina B. dietary energy density is associated with body mass index and fat mass in early adulthood. Clinical Nursing Research 2021;30(5):591-598. DOI: 10.1177/105.477.3819883192