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High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 643 - 650, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706

Abstract

Objective: In order to compare outcomes of a simulation of early postpartum haemorrhage management through a medium-fidelity mannequin in a high-fidelity environment before clinical practicums with those after clinical practicums in nursing students.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on second-year nursing students (n=61). After the simulation, the students were asked to perform postpartum haemorrhage control in clinical practicums. Data were collected with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale, Educational Practices Questionnaire, and Student Self-Evaluation Form.
Results: The mean satisfaction, self-confidence, and Educational Practices Questionnaire scores after the simulation were high. The mean scores for feeling competent in involution, haemorrhage control, fundus massage, perineal care, andestablishing appropriate communication with patients and their relatives were 19.18±5.70 after the simulation and 23.83±5,03 after the clinical practicums.
Conclusion: The medium-fidelity simulation in a high-fidelity environment of early postpartum haemorrhage management enhanced the students’ learning satisfaction and self-confidence. This helped them to feel more competent in the clinical practicums.

References

  • Gaba DM. The future of simulation in healthcare. Simul Healthc. 2007;2:126-135. DOI:10.1136%2Fqshc.2004.009878.
  • Ignacio J, Dolmans D, Scherpbier A, Rethans J, Chan S, Liaw SY. Comparison of standardized patients with high-fidelity simulators for managing stress and improving performance in clinical deterioration: A mixed methods study. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(12):1161-1168. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.05.009.
  • Kinney S, Henderson D. Comparison of low fidelity simulation learning strategy with traditional lecture. Clin Simul Nurs. 2008; 4(2): 15–18. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2008.06.005.
  • Jeffries PR. The NLN Jeffries Simulation Theory. New York: Wolters Kluwer, National League for Nursing; 2016.
  • Lioce L, Lopreiato J, Downing D, Chang TP, Robertson JM, Anderson M, Diaz DA, Spain AE. Healthcare Simulation Dictionary, 2nd ed. Rockville MD, USA: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2020.
  • Zalewska K, Zarzycka D. Best educational techniques in high-fidelity simulation according to nursing students-adaptation and validation of the educational practices questionnaire (epq). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(22):14688. DOI:10.3390/ijerph192214688.
  • Ulrich B, Mancini B. Mastering Simulation. A Handbook for Success. Indianapolis: Sigma Theta Tau International; 2014.p.54
  • Carey JM, Rossler K. The How When Why of High Fidelity Simulation. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559313/.
  • Choi YF, Wong TW. High-fidelity simulation training programme for final-year medical students: Implications from the perceived learning outcomes. Hong Kong Med J. 2019; 25(5):392-398. DOI: 10.12809/hkmj197898.
  • Zhu FF, Wu LR. The effectiveness of a high-fidelity teaching simulation based on an NLN/Jeffries simulation in the nursing education theoretical framework and its influencing factors. Chin Nurs Res. 2016;3:129–132. DOI:10.1016/j.cnre.2016.06.016.
  • Kim J, Park JH, Shin S. Effectiveness of simulation-based nursing education depending on fidelity: A meta-analysis. BMC Med. Educ. 2016; 16: 152. DOI:10.1186/s12909-016-0672-7.
  • Cant RP, Cooper SJ. Use of simulation‐based learning in undergraduate nurse education: An umbrella systematic review. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;49:63–71. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.015.
  • Haddeland K, Slettebø Å, Carstens P, Fossum M. Nursing students managing deteriorating patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Simul Nurs. 2018;21:1–15. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2018.05.001.
  • Mahfouz R, Almutairi A, Eldesouky E.Self-confidence of nursing students related to their simulation learning experience. J Educ Pract. 2019;10(15):168-173.
  • Alharbi K, Alharbi MF. Nursing students' satisfaction and self-confidence levels after their simulation experience. SAGE Open Nurs. 2022;8: DOI:10.1177/23779608221139080.
  • Elhakm EMA, Elbana HM. Effect of simulation based training on maternity nurses’ performance and self-confidence regarding primary postpartum hemorrhage management. Am J Nurs Res. 2018;6(6):388-397. DOI:10.12691/ajnr-6-6-6.
  • Rath WH. Postpartum hemorrhage-update on problems of definitions and diagnosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013; 90(5): 421-428. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01107.x
  • Woiski MD, Scheepers HC, Liefers J, Lance M, Middeldorp JM, Lotgering FK, Hermens, RP. Guideline-based development of quality indicators for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(10):1118-1127. DOI:10.1111/aogs.12718.
  • Lilley G, Burkett-St-Laurent D, Precious E, Bruynseels D, Kaye A, Sanders J, Alikhan R, Collis PW, Hall JE, Collins RE. Measurement of blood loss during postpartum haemorrhage. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2015;24(1):8-14. DOI:10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.07.009.
  • Ononge S, Mirembe F, Wandabwa J, Campbell OR. Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in Uganda. Reprod Health. 2016;13:38. DOI:10.1186/s12978-016-0154-8.
  • Evensen A, Anderson JM, Fontaine P. Postpartum hemorrhage: Prevention and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(7):442-449.
  • Nehring WM, Lashley FR. Nursing simulation: A review of the past 40 years. Simulation & Gaming. 2009; 40(4): 528-552. DOI:10.1177/1046878109332282.
  • Kumar N. Postpartum hemorrhage; a major killer of woman: Review of current scenario. Obstet Gynecol Int J, 2016; 4(4), 00116. DOI:10.15406/ogij.2016.04.00116.
  • Igarashi Y, Hiruta A, Kataoka Y, Sato R, Toyoshima Y, Kato C. Evaluation of a simulation training program on postpartum hemorrhage. J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif 2015; 28(3).
  • Kato C, Kataoka Y. Simulation training program for midwives to manage postpartum hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Today. 2017; 88-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.01.005
  • Mert Karadas M, Terzioglu F. The impact of the using high-fidelity simulation and standardized patients to management of postpartum hemorrhage in undergraduate nursing students: A randomized controlled study in Turkey. Health Care for Women International 2019; 40(5): 597–612. DOI:10.1080/07399332.2019.1583229.
  • Guyatt G, Drummond R, Meade M, Cook D. The Evidence Based-Medicine Working Group Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature. 2nd ed. Chicago: McGraw Hill; 2008.
  • Unver V, Başak T, Watts P, Gaioso V, Moss J. The reliability and validity of three questionnaires: The “Student satisfaction and self-confidence in learning scale”, “Simulation design scale” and “Educational practices questionnaire”. Contemp Nurse. 2017;53(1):60-74. DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2017.1282319.
  • Öner N, Le Compte A. Discontinuous (state) trait anxiety inventory handbook.1998.
  • Gasper ML, Dillon PM. Clinical Simulations for Nursing Education: Learner Volume 1st ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2011.
  • Kordi M, Fakari FR, Khadivzadeh T, Mazloum SR, Akhlaghi, F, Tara M. Effects of web-based training and educational simulation on midwifery students’ self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2015;3(1):318-326. DOI:10.22038/JMRH.2015.3247.
  • Khalaila R. Simulation in nursing education: An evaluation of student's outcomes at their first clinical practice combined with simulation. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34:252–258. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.08.015.
  • Hicks FD, Coke L, Li S. Report of findings from the effect of high-fidelity simulation on Nursing students' knowledge and performance: A pilot study. National Council of State Boards of Nursing. 2009.
  • Kaddoura M, Vandyke O, Smallwood C, Gonzalez KM. Perceived benefits and challenges of repeated exposure to high fidelity simulation experiences of first degree accelerated bachelor nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;36(2):298–303. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.07.014.
  • Lai HL, Chen PW, Chen CJ, Chang HK, Peng TC, Chang FM. Randomized crossover trial studying the effect of music on examination anxiety. Nurse Educ Today. 2008;28(8):909-916. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2008.05.011..
  • Holland B, Gosselin K, Mulcahy A. The effect of autogenic training on self-efficacy, anxiety, and performance on nursing student simulation. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2017;38(2):87-89. DOI: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000110.
  • Ha EH. Experience of nursing students with standardized patients in simulation-based learning: Q-methodology study. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;66:123-129. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2018.04.023.
  • Martins AD, Pinho DL. Interprofessional simulation effects for healthcare students: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;94:104568. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104568.
  • Thomas CM, Mraz MA. Featured article: Exploration into how simulation can effect new graduate transition. Clin Simul Nurs. 2017;13:465-470. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2017.05.013.
  • Szpak JL, Kameg KM. Simulation decreases nursing student anxiety prior to communication with mentally ill patients. Clin Simul Nurs. 2013;9(1) DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2011.07.003.
  • Horsley TL, Wambach K. Effect of nursing faculty presence on students’ anxiety, self-confidence, and clinical performance during a clinical simulation experience. Clin Simul Nurs. 2015;11(1):4-10. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2014.09.012.
  • Ross JG, Carney H. The effect of formative capstone simulation scenarios on novice nursing students’ anxiety and self-confidence related to initial clinical practicum. Clin Simul Nurs. 2017;13(3):116-120. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2016.11.001.
  • Haukedal TA, Reierson, IÅ, Hedeman H, Bjørk IT. The impact of a new pedagogical intervention on nursing students’ knowledge Acquisition in Simulation-Based Learning: A quasi-experimental study. Nurs Res Pract. 2018; 7437386. DOI:10.1155/2018/7437386.
  • Choi H, Lee U, Jeon YS, Kim C. Efficacy of the computer simulation-based, interactive communication education program for nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;91:104467. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104467
  • Mohammadi G, Tourdeh M, Ebrahimian A. Effect of simulation-based training method on the psychological health promotion in operating room students during the educational internship. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:172. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_106_19.
  • Megel ME, Black J, Clark L, Carstens P, Jenkins LD, Promes J, Goodman, T. Effect of high-fidelity simulation on pediatric nursing students’ anxiety. Clin Simul Nurs. 2012;8:419-428. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2011.03.006.
Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 643 - 650, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706

Abstract

References

  • Gaba DM. The future of simulation in healthcare. Simul Healthc. 2007;2:126-135. DOI:10.1136%2Fqshc.2004.009878.
  • Ignacio J, Dolmans D, Scherpbier A, Rethans J, Chan S, Liaw SY. Comparison of standardized patients with high-fidelity simulators for managing stress and improving performance in clinical deterioration: A mixed methods study. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(12):1161-1168. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.05.009.
  • Kinney S, Henderson D. Comparison of low fidelity simulation learning strategy with traditional lecture. Clin Simul Nurs. 2008; 4(2): 15–18. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2008.06.005.
  • Jeffries PR. The NLN Jeffries Simulation Theory. New York: Wolters Kluwer, National League for Nursing; 2016.
  • Lioce L, Lopreiato J, Downing D, Chang TP, Robertson JM, Anderson M, Diaz DA, Spain AE. Healthcare Simulation Dictionary, 2nd ed. Rockville MD, USA: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2020.
  • Zalewska K, Zarzycka D. Best educational techniques in high-fidelity simulation according to nursing students-adaptation and validation of the educational practices questionnaire (epq). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(22):14688. DOI:10.3390/ijerph192214688.
  • Ulrich B, Mancini B. Mastering Simulation. A Handbook for Success. Indianapolis: Sigma Theta Tau International; 2014.p.54
  • Carey JM, Rossler K. The How When Why of High Fidelity Simulation. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559313/.
  • Choi YF, Wong TW. High-fidelity simulation training programme for final-year medical students: Implications from the perceived learning outcomes. Hong Kong Med J. 2019; 25(5):392-398. DOI: 10.12809/hkmj197898.
  • Zhu FF, Wu LR. The effectiveness of a high-fidelity teaching simulation based on an NLN/Jeffries simulation in the nursing education theoretical framework and its influencing factors. Chin Nurs Res. 2016;3:129–132. DOI:10.1016/j.cnre.2016.06.016.
  • Kim J, Park JH, Shin S. Effectiveness of simulation-based nursing education depending on fidelity: A meta-analysis. BMC Med. Educ. 2016; 16: 152. DOI:10.1186/s12909-016-0672-7.
  • Cant RP, Cooper SJ. Use of simulation‐based learning in undergraduate nurse education: An umbrella systematic review. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;49:63–71. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.015.
  • Haddeland K, Slettebø Å, Carstens P, Fossum M. Nursing students managing deteriorating patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Simul Nurs. 2018;21:1–15. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2018.05.001.
  • Mahfouz R, Almutairi A, Eldesouky E.Self-confidence of nursing students related to their simulation learning experience. J Educ Pract. 2019;10(15):168-173.
  • Alharbi K, Alharbi MF. Nursing students' satisfaction and self-confidence levels after their simulation experience. SAGE Open Nurs. 2022;8: DOI:10.1177/23779608221139080.
  • Elhakm EMA, Elbana HM. Effect of simulation based training on maternity nurses’ performance and self-confidence regarding primary postpartum hemorrhage management. Am J Nurs Res. 2018;6(6):388-397. DOI:10.12691/ajnr-6-6-6.
  • Rath WH. Postpartum hemorrhage-update on problems of definitions and diagnosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013; 90(5): 421-428. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01107.x
  • Woiski MD, Scheepers HC, Liefers J, Lance M, Middeldorp JM, Lotgering FK, Hermens, RP. Guideline-based development of quality indicators for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(10):1118-1127. DOI:10.1111/aogs.12718.
  • Lilley G, Burkett-St-Laurent D, Precious E, Bruynseels D, Kaye A, Sanders J, Alikhan R, Collis PW, Hall JE, Collins RE. Measurement of blood loss during postpartum haemorrhage. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2015;24(1):8-14. DOI:10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.07.009.
  • Ononge S, Mirembe F, Wandabwa J, Campbell OR. Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in Uganda. Reprod Health. 2016;13:38. DOI:10.1186/s12978-016-0154-8.
  • Evensen A, Anderson JM, Fontaine P. Postpartum hemorrhage: Prevention and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(7):442-449.
  • Nehring WM, Lashley FR. Nursing simulation: A review of the past 40 years. Simulation & Gaming. 2009; 40(4): 528-552. DOI:10.1177/1046878109332282.
  • Kumar N. Postpartum hemorrhage; a major killer of woman: Review of current scenario. Obstet Gynecol Int J, 2016; 4(4), 00116. DOI:10.15406/ogij.2016.04.00116.
  • Igarashi Y, Hiruta A, Kataoka Y, Sato R, Toyoshima Y, Kato C. Evaluation of a simulation training program on postpartum hemorrhage. J. Jpn. Acad. Midwif 2015; 28(3).
  • Kato C, Kataoka Y. Simulation training program for midwives to manage postpartum hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Today. 2017; 88-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.01.005
  • Mert Karadas M, Terzioglu F. The impact of the using high-fidelity simulation and standardized patients to management of postpartum hemorrhage in undergraduate nursing students: A randomized controlled study in Turkey. Health Care for Women International 2019; 40(5): 597–612. DOI:10.1080/07399332.2019.1583229.
  • Guyatt G, Drummond R, Meade M, Cook D. The Evidence Based-Medicine Working Group Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature. 2nd ed. Chicago: McGraw Hill; 2008.
  • Unver V, Başak T, Watts P, Gaioso V, Moss J. The reliability and validity of three questionnaires: The “Student satisfaction and self-confidence in learning scale”, “Simulation design scale” and “Educational practices questionnaire”. Contemp Nurse. 2017;53(1):60-74. DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2017.1282319.
  • Öner N, Le Compte A. Discontinuous (state) trait anxiety inventory handbook.1998.
  • Gasper ML, Dillon PM. Clinical Simulations for Nursing Education: Learner Volume 1st ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2011.
  • Kordi M, Fakari FR, Khadivzadeh T, Mazloum SR, Akhlaghi, F, Tara M. Effects of web-based training and educational simulation on midwifery students’ self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2015;3(1):318-326. DOI:10.22038/JMRH.2015.3247.
  • Khalaila R. Simulation in nursing education: An evaluation of student's outcomes at their first clinical practice combined with simulation. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34:252–258. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.08.015.
  • Hicks FD, Coke L, Li S. Report of findings from the effect of high-fidelity simulation on Nursing students' knowledge and performance: A pilot study. National Council of State Boards of Nursing. 2009.
  • Kaddoura M, Vandyke O, Smallwood C, Gonzalez KM. Perceived benefits and challenges of repeated exposure to high fidelity simulation experiences of first degree accelerated bachelor nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;36(2):298–303. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.07.014.
  • Lai HL, Chen PW, Chen CJ, Chang HK, Peng TC, Chang FM. Randomized crossover trial studying the effect of music on examination anxiety. Nurse Educ Today. 2008;28(8):909-916. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2008.05.011..
  • Holland B, Gosselin K, Mulcahy A. The effect of autogenic training on self-efficacy, anxiety, and performance on nursing student simulation. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2017;38(2):87-89. DOI: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000110.
  • Ha EH. Experience of nursing students with standardized patients in simulation-based learning: Q-methodology study. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;66:123-129. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2018.04.023.
  • Martins AD, Pinho DL. Interprofessional simulation effects for healthcare students: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;94:104568. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104568.
  • Thomas CM, Mraz MA. Featured article: Exploration into how simulation can effect new graduate transition. Clin Simul Nurs. 2017;13:465-470. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2017.05.013.
  • Szpak JL, Kameg KM. Simulation decreases nursing student anxiety prior to communication with mentally ill patients. Clin Simul Nurs. 2013;9(1) DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2011.07.003.
  • Horsley TL, Wambach K. Effect of nursing faculty presence on students’ anxiety, self-confidence, and clinical performance during a clinical simulation experience. Clin Simul Nurs. 2015;11(1):4-10. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2014.09.012.
  • Ross JG, Carney H. The effect of formative capstone simulation scenarios on novice nursing students’ anxiety and self-confidence related to initial clinical practicum. Clin Simul Nurs. 2017;13(3):116-120. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2016.11.001.
  • Haukedal TA, Reierson, IÅ, Hedeman H, Bjørk IT. The impact of a new pedagogical intervention on nursing students’ knowledge Acquisition in Simulation-Based Learning: A quasi-experimental study. Nurs Res Pract. 2018; 7437386. DOI:10.1155/2018/7437386.
  • Choi H, Lee U, Jeon YS, Kim C. Efficacy of the computer simulation-based, interactive communication education program for nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;91:104467. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104467
  • Mohammadi G, Tourdeh M, Ebrahimian A. Effect of simulation-based training method on the psychological health promotion in operating room students during the educational internship. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:172. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_106_19.
  • Megel ME, Black J, Clark L, Carstens P, Jenkins LD, Promes J, Goodman, T. Effect of high-fidelity simulation on pediatric nursing students’ anxiety. Clin Simul Nurs. 2012;8:419-428. DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2011.03.006.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fundamentals of Nursing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Coşkun 0000-0003-3811-5105

Ergül Aslan 0000-0002-6529-5992

Vesile Ünver 0000-0002-2892-9503

Ükke Karabacak 0000-0002-1696-2779

Early Pub Date September 27, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date March 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Coşkun, M., Aslan, E., Ünver, V., Karabacak, Ü. (2024). High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 14(3), 643-650. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706
AMA Coşkun M, Aslan E, Ünver V, Karabacak Ü. High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. September 2024;14(3):643-650. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706
Chicago Coşkun, Merve, Ergül Aslan, Vesile Ünver, and Ükke Karabacak. “High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 2024): 643-50. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706.
EndNote Coşkun M, Aslan E, Ünver V, Karabacak Ü (September 1, 2024) High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14 3 643–650.
IEEE M. Coşkun, E. Aslan, V. Ünver, and Ü. Karabacak, “High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 643–650, 2024, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706.
ISNAD Coşkun, Merve et al. “High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14/3 (September 2024), 643-650. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706.
JAMA Coşkun M, Aslan E, Ünver V, Karabacak Ü. High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14:643–650.
MLA Coşkun, Merve et al. “High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, 2024, pp. 643-50, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1268706.
Vancouver Coşkun M, Aslan E, Ünver V, Karabacak Ü. High-Fidelity Environment Effect on Early Postpartum Haemorrhage Management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14(3):643-50.

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