Objective: This research has been conducted to determine the diabetes burden and patient activation levels in elderly individuals with diabetes.
Methods: The sample of this descriptive study is composed of 230 individuals aged 65 years and over and individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes. Data has been collected at the internal medicine clinic of a state hospital between May 2021 and January 2022. Data collection has been collected using the Personal Information Form, Elderly Diabetes Burden Scale and Patient Activation Measure.
Results: It has been determined that 37.4% of geriatric diabetics were at the first activity level, and 14.3% at the second activity level. The average Patient Activation Measure score has a significant correlation with Elderly Diabetes Burden Scale. It has been determined that the situation of age, high school degree or a higher level of education, lack of any acute or chronic complications, another chronic disease, having a diabetes education, use of oral antidiabetic medications and total elderly diabetes burden have a significant effect on activity levels.
Conclusions: This study, it has shown that the burden of diabetes in geriatric patients has a significant difference by the patient activity levels.
This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Amasya University, Noninvasive Clinic Ethics Committee (Approval date: April 8, 2021 Number: 50).
Supporting Institution
The authors received no financial support for the research
Thanks
We would like to thank all participants involved in the study
References
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International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. 2021. Accessed: [26 April 2022]. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/
Çelik S, Kelleci M, Avcı D, Temel E. Psychosocial adjustment to illness and methods of coping with stress among young adults with type 1 diabetes. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. 2015;23(2):105-115.
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Charvat H, Goto A, Goto, M, Inoue M, Heianza Y, Arase Y, Sone H, Nakagami T, Song X, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Tusugane S, Noda M, Inoue M. Impact of population aging on trends in diabetes prevalence: A meta-regression analysis of 160,000 Japanese adults. J Diabetes Investig. 2015;6(5):533-542. DOI:10.1111/jdi.12333
Ovayolu Ö, Ovayolu N, Doğru A, Özkaya M. The challenge of diabetes in the elderly and affecting factors: A Turkish study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2015;29(2):272-279. DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000102
Shayeghian Z, Aguilar-Vafaiea ME, Besharatb MA, Amiric P, Parvind M, Gillanie RK. Self-care activities and glycated haemoglobin in ıranian patients with type 2 diabetes: Can coping styles and social support have a buffering role. Psychol Health. 2015;30:153-164. DOI:10.1080/08870446.2014.951651
ADA. 2020. Accessed: [26 April 2022]. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/.
Lin M, Weng W, Aprılıyasarı RW, Van Truong P, Tsaı P. Effects of patient activation ıntervention on chronic diseases. A Meta-Analysis The Journal of Nursing Research. 2020;28(5):116. DOI:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000387
Greene J, Hibbard JH, Sacks R, Overton V, Parrotta CD. When patient activation levels change, health outcomes and costs change, too. Health Aff. 2015;34(3):431–7. DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0452
Olgun N, Aslan F, Coşansu G, Çelik S. (2022). Diabetes Mellitus. A. Karadokovan ve F. Aslan (eds.), Care in internal and surgical diseases (pp. 829-864). Adana: Nobel Kitabevi. DOI:10.37609/akya.923 (Turkish)
Regeera H, Empelenc P, Bilod HJG, Koninga EJP, Sasja D. Huismana change is possible: How increased patient activation is associated with favorable changes in well-being, self-management and health outcomes among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective longitudinal study. Patient Education and Counseling. 2021;105(4):821-827. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.07.014
Hibbard JH, Mahoney ER, Stock R, Tusler M. Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. HSR: Health Services Research. 2004;39(4):1005-1026. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00269.x
Koşar C, Besen DB. Patient activation in chronic diseases: Concept analyse. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal. 2015;8(1):45-51. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/46805/586910
Miller VM, Davies MJ, Etherton-Beer C, McGough S, Schofield D, Jensen JF, Watson N. Increasing Patient Activation Through Diabetes Self-Management Education: Outcomes of DESMOND in Regional Western Australia. Patient Educ Couns. 2020;103(4):848-853. DOI:10.1016/j.pec.2019.10.013
Bulduk S, Yurt S, Dinçer Y, Ardıç E. Health behavior models. Düzce University Health Science Institute Journal. 2015;5(1):28-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/duzcesbed/issue/4848/66622
Bayat M. Teaching process and nursing. Journal of Health Science. 2005;14:66-72. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eujhs/issue/44514/551993
Akyol GT, Bayraktaroğlu T, Seval M. Investigation of diabetes burden in elderly type 2 diabetes ındividuals: example of Zonguldak province. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. 2020;4(2):108-118. DOI:10.25048/tudod.723725
Yıldırım UY, Esen A. A study of the valıdıty and relıabılıty of the “elderly dıabetes burden scale” for the Turkısh socıety. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2012;15 (1):61-67.
Hibbard JH, Greene J, Sacks RM, Overton V, Parrotta C. Improving population health management strategies: Identifying patients who are more likely to be users of avoidable costly care and those more likely to develop a new chronic disease. Health Services Research. 2017;52(4):1297–1309. DOI:10.1111/1475-6773.12545
Hendriks M, Rademakers J. Relationships between patient activation, disease-specific knowledge and health outcomes among people with diabetes; a survey study. Hendriks and Rademakers BMC Health Services Research. 2014;14:393. DOI:10.1186/1472-6963-14-393
Bostouwen I, Schuurmans M, Monninkhof EM. Patient and disease characteristics associated with activation for self- management in patients with diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure and chronic renal disease: A cross-sectional survey study. Plos One. 2015;10(5):1–16. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126400
Magnezi R, Glasser S. Psychometric properties of the hebrew translation of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13). Plos One. 2014;9(11):1-6. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113391
Yadav UN, Lloyd J, Hosseinzadeh H, Baral KP, Harris MF. Do Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) Self-management ınterventions consider health literacy and patient activation? A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(3):646. DOI:10.3390/jcm9030646
Sacks RM, Greene J, Hibbard J, Overton V, Parrotta CD. Does patient activation predict the course of type 2 diabetes? A longitudinal study. Patient Education and Counseling. 2017;100(7):1268-1275. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.01.014
A van Vugt H, Meike Boels A, de Weerdt I, de Koning EJP, Rutten G. Patient activation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: associated factors and the role of insülin. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2019;13:73–81. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S188391
Sacks RM, Greene J, Hibbard JH, Overton V. How well do patient activation scores predict depression outcomes one year later?. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;169:1-6. DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.030
Cibeles M, Luis GP, Cristina M, Emilia A, MDolores N, Alberto GF. Adaptation to european spanish and psychometric properties of the patient activation measure 13 in patients with chronic diseases. Family Practice. 2017;34(5):627–634.DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmx022
Lightfoot CJ, Nair D, Bennett PN, Smith AC, Griffin AD, Warren M, Wilkinson TJ. Patient activation: The cornerstone of effective self-management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Dial. 2022;2:91–105. DOI: 10.3390/kidneydial2010012
Year 2024,
Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1015 - 1020, 29.12.2024
Turkish Diabetes Foundation. Diabetes diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Accessed: [15 July 15 2016]. http://www.turkdiab.org/diyabet%20rehberi%20baski%202015.pdf. (Turkish)
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. 2021. Accessed: [26 April 2022]. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/
Çelik S, Kelleci M, Avcı D, Temel E. Psychosocial adjustment to illness and methods of coping with stress among young adults with type 1 diabetes. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. 2015;23(2):105-115.
Ministry of Health Turkish Public Health Institution. (2020). 2015-2020 Turkey Diabetes Program. 2. Printing, 22. (Turkish)
Charvat H, Goto A, Goto, M, Inoue M, Heianza Y, Arase Y, Sone H, Nakagami T, Song X, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Tusugane S, Noda M, Inoue M. Impact of population aging on trends in diabetes prevalence: A meta-regression analysis of 160,000 Japanese adults. J Diabetes Investig. 2015;6(5):533-542. DOI:10.1111/jdi.12333
Ovayolu Ö, Ovayolu N, Doğru A, Özkaya M. The challenge of diabetes in the elderly and affecting factors: A Turkish study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2015;29(2):272-279. DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000102
Shayeghian Z, Aguilar-Vafaiea ME, Besharatb MA, Amiric P, Parvind M, Gillanie RK. Self-care activities and glycated haemoglobin in ıranian patients with type 2 diabetes: Can coping styles and social support have a buffering role. Psychol Health. 2015;30:153-164. DOI:10.1080/08870446.2014.951651
ADA. 2020. Accessed: [26 April 2022]. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/.
Lin M, Weng W, Aprılıyasarı RW, Van Truong P, Tsaı P. Effects of patient activation ıntervention on chronic diseases. A Meta-Analysis The Journal of Nursing Research. 2020;28(5):116. DOI:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000387
Greene J, Hibbard JH, Sacks R, Overton V, Parrotta CD. When patient activation levels change, health outcomes and costs change, too. Health Aff. 2015;34(3):431–7. DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0452
Olgun N, Aslan F, Coşansu G, Çelik S. (2022). Diabetes Mellitus. A. Karadokovan ve F. Aslan (eds.), Care in internal and surgical diseases (pp. 829-864). Adana: Nobel Kitabevi. DOI:10.37609/akya.923 (Turkish)
Regeera H, Empelenc P, Bilod HJG, Koninga EJP, Sasja D. Huismana change is possible: How increased patient activation is associated with favorable changes in well-being, self-management and health outcomes among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective longitudinal study. Patient Education and Counseling. 2021;105(4):821-827. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.07.014
Hibbard JH, Mahoney ER, Stock R, Tusler M. Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. HSR: Health Services Research. 2004;39(4):1005-1026. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00269.x
Koşar C, Besen DB. Patient activation in chronic diseases: Concept analyse. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal. 2015;8(1):45-51. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/46805/586910
Miller VM, Davies MJ, Etherton-Beer C, McGough S, Schofield D, Jensen JF, Watson N. Increasing Patient Activation Through Diabetes Self-Management Education: Outcomes of DESMOND in Regional Western Australia. Patient Educ Couns. 2020;103(4):848-853. DOI:10.1016/j.pec.2019.10.013
Bulduk S, Yurt S, Dinçer Y, Ardıç E. Health behavior models. Düzce University Health Science Institute Journal. 2015;5(1):28-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/duzcesbed/issue/4848/66622
Bayat M. Teaching process and nursing. Journal of Health Science. 2005;14:66-72. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eujhs/issue/44514/551993
Akyol GT, Bayraktaroğlu T, Seval M. Investigation of diabetes burden in elderly type 2 diabetes ındividuals: example of Zonguldak province. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. 2020;4(2):108-118. DOI:10.25048/tudod.723725
Yıldırım UY, Esen A. A study of the valıdıty and relıabılıty of the “elderly dıabetes burden scale” for the Turkısh socıety. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2012;15 (1):61-67.
Hibbard JH, Greene J, Sacks RM, Overton V, Parrotta C. Improving population health management strategies: Identifying patients who are more likely to be users of avoidable costly care and those more likely to develop a new chronic disease. Health Services Research. 2017;52(4):1297–1309. DOI:10.1111/1475-6773.12545
Hendriks M, Rademakers J. Relationships between patient activation, disease-specific knowledge and health outcomes among people with diabetes; a survey study. Hendriks and Rademakers BMC Health Services Research. 2014;14:393. DOI:10.1186/1472-6963-14-393
Bostouwen I, Schuurmans M, Monninkhof EM. Patient and disease characteristics associated with activation for self- management in patients with diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure and chronic renal disease: A cross-sectional survey study. Plos One. 2015;10(5):1–16. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126400
Magnezi R, Glasser S. Psychometric properties of the hebrew translation of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13). Plos One. 2014;9(11):1-6. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113391
Yadav UN, Lloyd J, Hosseinzadeh H, Baral KP, Harris MF. Do Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) Self-management ınterventions consider health literacy and patient activation? A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(3):646. DOI:10.3390/jcm9030646
Sacks RM, Greene J, Hibbard J, Overton V, Parrotta CD. Does patient activation predict the course of type 2 diabetes? A longitudinal study. Patient Education and Counseling. 2017;100(7):1268-1275. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.01.014
A van Vugt H, Meike Boels A, de Weerdt I, de Koning EJP, Rutten G. Patient activation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: associated factors and the role of insülin. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2019;13:73–81. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S188391
Sacks RM, Greene J, Hibbard JH, Overton V. How well do patient activation scores predict depression outcomes one year later?. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;169:1-6. DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.030
Cibeles M, Luis GP, Cristina M, Emilia A, MDolores N, Alberto GF. Adaptation to european spanish and psychometric properties of the patient activation measure 13 in patients with chronic diseases. Family Practice. 2017;34(5):627–634.DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmx022
Lightfoot CJ, Nair D, Bennett PN, Smith AC, Griffin AD, Warren M, Wilkinson TJ. Patient activation: The cornerstone of effective self-management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Dial. 2022;2:91–105. DOI: 10.3390/kidneydial2010012
Bölükbaşı, M., & Uysal, N. (2024). Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals with Diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 14(4), 1015-1020. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1438208
AMA
Bölükbaşı M, Uysal N. Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals with Diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. December 2024;14(4):1015-1020. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1438208
Chicago
Bölükbaşı, Mehtap, and Neşe Uysal. “Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals With Diabetes”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 2024): 1015-20. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1438208.
EndNote
Bölükbaşı M, Uysal N (December 1, 2024) Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals with Diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14 4 1015–1020.
IEEE
M. Bölükbaşı and N. Uysal, “Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals with Diabetes”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1015–1020, 2024, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1438208.
ISNAD
Bölükbaşı, Mehtap - Uysal, Neşe. “Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals With Diabetes”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14/4 (December 2024), 1015-1020. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1438208.
JAMA
Bölükbaşı M, Uysal N. Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals with Diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14:1015–1020.
MLA
Bölükbaşı, Mehtap and Neşe Uysal. “Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals With Diabetes”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 4, 2024, pp. 1015-20, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1438208.
Vancouver
Bölükbaşı M, Uysal N. Diabetes Burden and Activation Levels in Elderly Individuals with Diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14(4):1015-20.