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0-6 Aylık Bebeği Olan Annelerin Emzirmeye Yönelik Tutumları ve İlişkili Faktörler

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 561 - 567, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822

Abstract

References

  • World Health Organization (WHO). Coming up in 2023. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Published [31 Jan 2023] Updated [15 May 2023]. Accessed [18 August 2025].https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/31-01-2023-coming-up-in-2023.
  • Ayhan Başer D, Sönmez CI, Arslan, M. Kocaeli ilindeki aile hekimleri ve aile sağlığı elemanlarının anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri. Konuralp Tıp Derg. 2018;10(1):34-40. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.343021 (Turkish)
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı (2023), Ankara: Updated [18 August 2025]. Accessed [25 August 2025]. https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/S%C4%B0Y2023_T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e(31.01.2025).pdf (Turkish)
  • Naja F, Chatila A, Ayoub JJ, Abbas N, Mahmoud A; MINA collaborators; Abdulmalik MA, Nasreddine L. Prenatal breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention, and their associations with feeding practices during the first six months of life: a cohort study in Lebanon and Qatar. Int Breastfeed J. 2022;17(15):2-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00456-x
  • Siqueira LS, Santos FS, Santos RMDMS, Santos LFS, Santos LHD, Pascoal, LM, Santos Neto M. Factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in the immediate puerperium in a public maternity hospital. Cogitare Enfermagem. 2023; 28 (1):1-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ce.v28i0.88970
  • The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Barriers to breastfeeding: Supporting initiation and continuation of breastfeeding: ACOG committee opinion. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137(2):396-397. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000004250
  • United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Breastfeeding: primary care interventions 2016. Updated [2022 October 17]. Accessed [18 August 2025]. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/
  • Aryuwat P, Asp M, Lövenmark A, Radabutr M, Holmgren J. An integrative review of resilience among nursing students in the context of nursing education. Nurs Open. 2023;10(5):2793-2818. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1559
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Contraindications to breastfeeding or feeding expressed breast milk to infants. Atlanta: CDC. Updated [23 Jan 2025]. Accessed [28 June 2025]. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/contraindications/index.html
  • Hamnøy IL, Kjelsvik M, Bærug AB, & Dahl BM. A balancing act—midwives' and public health nurses' experiences with breastfeeding counselling. Scandinavian J Caring Sci. 2024;38(1):92-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.13198
  • Güney E, Uçar T. Gebelikte beden imajının emzirme tutumu ve emzirme sürecine etkisi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni.2018;49(1):49-53. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.338783 (Turkish)
  • Arslan Özkan H. Breastfeeding attitude assessment scale. Journal of Women's Health Nurs, 2015;2(1):53-58.
  • Yılmaz C, Taşpınar A. The effect of breastfeeding education given to parents in the early postpartum period on the status of breastfeeding of babies in the first six months. Gümüşhane Univ J Health Sci.2017;6 (3):25-34. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.883156
  • World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline: Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; Published [2 November 2017]. Updated [2023 May 05]. Accessed [28 June 2025]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550086.
  • Shi H, Yang Y, Yin X, Li J, Fang J, & Wang X. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months in China: a cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeeding J. 2021;16(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00388-y
  • Agustin CA, Februhartanty J, & Bardosono S. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and sources of support during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Indonesian J Human Nutrition. 2021;8(2):195-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2021.008.02.10
  • Dündar T, Özsoy S. Mothers' social media usage for breastfeeding. Ankara J Health Sci. 2020;9(1):29-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38053/acmj.932785
  • Arbour M, Mackrain M, Fitzgerald E, Atwood S. National quality improvement initiative in home visiting services improves breastfeeding initiation and duration. Academic Pediatrics.2019;19(2):236-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.11.005
  • Wang T, Shang M, & Chow KM. Effects of breastfeeding training programmes for midwives on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2023;23(1): 7-18.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05540-6
  • Yurtsal B, & Hasdemir Ö. Effects of the WhatsApp midwife breastfeeding support line on early postpartum breastfeeding process of mothers. Health Care for Women International. 2022; 43(12):1433-1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2021.1972303
  • Morse H, & Brown A. The benefits, challenges and impacts of accessing social media group support for breastfeeding: A systematic review. Maternal & Child Nutrition.2022;18(4):e13399. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13399
  • Gianni M L, Bettinelli M E, Manfra P, Sorrentino G, Bezze E, Plevani L, Cavallaro G, Raffaeli G, Crippa B L, Colombo L, Morniroli D, Liotto N, Roggero P, Villamor E, Marchisio P, Mosca F. Breastfeeding difficulties and risk for early breastfeeding cessation. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102266
  • Jiménez Gómez M I, Meneses Monroy A, Corrillero Martín J, Santana Gutierrez S, Rodríguez Martín R, Girón Daviña P R. Prevalence of nipple soreness at 48 hours postpartum. breastfeeding medicine. The Acad of Breastfeed Med. 2021;16(4):325–331. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0112
  • Kurnaz D, Uyar H. Erken postpartum dönemde annelerin emzirmeye ilişkin tutum ve başarılarını etkileyen faktörler. Hemşirelik Bilim Derg. 2021;4(2):76-86. (Turkish)
  • Buran G, Ozyazicioglu N, Aydın AI, Atak M. Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross sectional study. Women Health. 2022;62(9):788-798. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2022.2146832
  • Li L, Wan W, Zhu C. Breastfeeding after a cesarean section: A literature review. Midwifery. 2021;103(1):103-117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.103117
  • Moon H, Woo K. An integrative review on mothers’ experiences of online breastfeeding peer support: Motivations, attributes and effects. Maternal & Child Nutr. 2021;17 (3):2-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13200
  • Maviso MK, Kaforau LM, Hastie C, Influence of grandmothers on breastfeeding practicesin a Rural Community in Papu New Guinea: A critical discourse analysis of first-time mothers perspectives. Women Birth. 2023;36(2):263-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2022.08.001
  • Wood FE, Gage AJ, Bidashimwa D. Insights on exclusive breastfeeding norms in Kinshasa: Findings from a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2020;20(586):2-14.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03273-4
  • Abageda M, Jena BH, & Belachew T. Effectiveness of male partner-targeted breastfeeding education and support interventions on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy in central Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):2-11. | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68032-3
  • Han FL, Ho YJ, McGrath JM. The influence of breastfeeding attitudes on breastfeeding behavior of postpartum women and their spouses. Heliyon. 2023;9(3):2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13987
  • Phua HW, Abdul Razak NAA, Mohd Shukri NH. Associations of father’s breastfeeding attitude and support with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding among first-time mothers.Mal J Med Health Sci. 2020;16 (6):84-89.
  • Pakilaran G, Rasni H, Rosyidi MNK, Wijaya D. Family support on exclusive breastfeeding in babies aged 0-6 months in Indonesia: Literature Review. Nurse Healty Sci J, 2022; 2(2): 104-107. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v2i2.53
  • Yang Y, Lu H. Breastfeeding in hospitalised preterm infants: A survey from 18 tertiary neonatal intensive care units across mainland China. J Peadiatr and Child Health. 2020;56 (9):1432-1437. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14967
  • Wang F, Gao Y, Han Z, Yu Y, Long Z, Jiang X & Zhao Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. Nat Hum Behav. 2021;7(8):1307-1319. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6

Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers with Infants Aged 0-6 Months

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 561 - 567, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822

Abstract

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the attitudes towards breastfeeding and the related factors among mothers with infants aged 0-6 months.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 455 voluntary mothers who have infants aged 0-6 months. The research data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form and the Breastfeeding Attitude Evaluation Scale (BAES).
Results: The mean total score on the BAES was 110.2±14.2. It was found that 87.0% of the mothers had breastfeeding knowledge, and 90.3% were positively influenced by the breastfeeding process. Additionally, 34.4% of the mothers breastfed for 2-3 months, 25.6% for 0-1 month, 25.4% for 6 months, and 14.6% for 4-5 months. The top three sources of support were partners (78.9%), midwives/nurses (78.7%), and the mothers’ own mothers (76.0%). Mothers who had a university education, delivered vaginally, were not negatively influenced by breastfeeding, had no negative sources around them, and had partner support had higher BAES scores (p<.05).
Conclusion: Mothers have breastfeeding knowledge and a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. However, breastfeeding rates remain low. Midwives and nurses should provide support in clinical practice to enhance positive attitudes towards breastfeeding and breastfeeding success, considering the mothers’ individual characteristics, needs, and experiences.

Ethical Statement

Permission for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Social and Human Sciences Research at Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University (Date: 16.11.2022, Session No: 14, Decision No: 14.31). Administrative permission, written and verbal consent of participants, and permission for the scale were also obtained. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Supporting Institution

The authors received no financial support for the research.

Thanks

The authors are grateful to all the participants for their cooperation in this study.

References

  • World Health Organization (WHO). Coming up in 2023. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Published [31 Jan 2023] Updated [15 May 2023]. Accessed [18 August 2025].https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/31-01-2023-coming-up-in-2023.
  • Ayhan Başer D, Sönmez CI, Arslan, M. Kocaeli ilindeki aile hekimleri ve aile sağlığı elemanlarının anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri. Konuralp Tıp Derg. 2018;10(1):34-40. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.343021 (Turkish)
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı (2023), Ankara: Updated [18 August 2025]. Accessed [25 August 2025]. https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/S%C4%B0Y2023_T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e(31.01.2025).pdf (Turkish)
  • Naja F, Chatila A, Ayoub JJ, Abbas N, Mahmoud A; MINA collaborators; Abdulmalik MA, Nasreddine L. Prenatal breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention, and their associations with feeding practices during the first six months of life: a cohort study in Lebanon and Qatar. Int Breastfeed J. 2022;17(15):2-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00456-x
  • Siqueira LS, Santos FS, Santos RMDMS, Santos LFS, Santos LHD, Pascoal, LM, Santos Neto M. Factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in the immediate puerperium in a public maternity hospital. Cogitare Enfermagem. 2023; 28 (1):1-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ce.v28i0.88970
  • The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Barriers to breastfeeding: Supporting initiation and continuation of breastfeeding: ACOG committee opinion. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137(2):396-397. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000004250
  • United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Breastfeeding: primary care interventions 2016. Updated [2022 October 17]. Accessed [18 August 2025]. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/
  • Aryuwat P, Asp M, Lövenmark A, Radabutr M, Holmgren J. An integrative review of resilience among nursing students in the context of nursing education. Nurs Open. 2023;10(5):2793-2818. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1559
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Contraindications to breastfeeding or feeding expressed breast milk to infants. Atlanta: CDC. Updated [23 Jan 2025]. Accessed [28 June 2025]. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/contraindications/index.html
  • Hamnøy IL, Kjelsvik M, Bærug AB, & Dahl BM. A balancing act—midwives' and public health nurses' experiences with breastfeeding counselling. Scandinavian J Caring Sci. 2024;38(1):92-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.13198
  • Güney E, Uçar T. Gebelikte beden imajının emzirme tutumu ve emzirme sürecine etkisi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni.2018;49(1):49-53. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.338783 (Turkish)
  • Arslan Özkan H. Breastfeeding attitude assessment scale. Journal of Women's Health Nurs, 2015;2(1):53-58.
  • Yılmaz C, Taşpınar A. The effect of breastfeeding education given to parents in the early postpartum period on the status of breastfeeding of babies in the first six months. Gümüşhane Univ J Health Sci.2017;6 (3):25-34. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.883156
  • World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline: Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; Published [2 November 2017]. Updated [2023 May 05]. Accessed [28 June 2025]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550086.
  • Shi H, Yang Y, Yin X, Li J, Fang J, & Wang X. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months in China: a cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeeding J. 2021;16(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00388-y
  • Agustin CA, Februhartanty J, & Bardosono S. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and sources of support during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Indonesian J Human Nutrition. 2021;8(2):195-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2021.008.02.10
  • Dündar T, Özsoy S. Mothers' social media usage for breastfeeding. Ankara J Health Sci. 2020;9(1):29-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38053/acmj.932785
  • Arbour M, Mackrain M, Fitzgerald E, Atwood S. National quality improvement initiative in home visiting services improves breastfeeding initiation and duration. Academic Pediatrics.2019;19(2):236-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.11.005
  • Wang T, Shang M, & Chow KM. Effects of breastfeeding training programmes for midwives on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2023;23(1): 7-18.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05540-6
  • Yurtsal B, & Hasdemir Ö. Effects of the WhatsApp midwife breastfeeding support line on early postpartum breastfeeding process of mothers. Health Care for Women International. 2022; 43(12):1433-1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2021.1972303
  • Morse H, & Brown A. The benefits, challenges and impacts of accessing social media group support for breastfeeding: A systematic review. Maternal & Child Nutrition.2022;18(4):e13399. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13399
  • Gianni M L, Bettinelli M E, Manfra P, Sorrentino G, Bezze E, Plevani L, Cavallaro G, Raffaeli G, Crippa B L, Colombo L, Morniroli D, Liotto N, Roggero P, Villamor E, Marchisio P, Mosca F. Breastfeeding difficulties and risk for early breastfeeding cessation. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102266
  • Jiménez Gómez M I, Meneses Monroy A, Corrillero Martín J, Santana Gutierrez S, Rodríguez Martín R, Girón Daviña P R. Prevalence of nipple soreness at 48 hours postpartum. breastfeeding medicine. The Acad of Breastfeed Med. 2021;16(4):325–331. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0112
  • Kurnaz D, Uyar H. Erken postpartum dönemde annelerin emzirmeye ilişkin tutum ve başarılarını etkileyen faktörler. Hemşirelik Bilim Derg. 2021;4(2):76-86. (Turkish)
  • Buran G, Ozyazicioglu N, Aydın AI, Atak M. Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross sectional study. Women Health. 2022;62(9):788-798. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2022.2146832
  • Li L, Wan W, Zhu C. Breastfeeding after a cesarean section: A literature review. Midwifery. 2021;103(1):103-117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.103117
  • Moon H, Woo K. An integrative review on mothers’ experiences of online breastfeeding peer support: Motivations, attributes and effects. Maternal & Child Nutr. 2021;17 (3):2-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13200
  • Maviso MK, Kaforau LM, Hastie C, Influence of grandmothers on breastfeeding practicesin a Rural Community in Papu New Guinea: A critical discourse analysis of first-time mothers perspectives. Women Birth. 2023;36(2):263-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2022.08.001
  • Wood FE, Gage AJ, Bidashimwa D. Insights on exclusive breastfeeding norms in Kinshasa: Findings from a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2020;20(586):2-14.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03273-4
  • Abageda M, Jena BH, & Belachew T. Effectiveness of male partner-targeted breastfeeding education and support interventions on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy in central Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):2-11. | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68032-3
  • Han FL, Ho YJ, McGrath JM. The influence of breastfeeding attitudes on breastfeeding behavior of postpartum women and their spouses. Heliyon. 2023;9(3):2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13987
  • Phua HW, Abdul Razak NAA, Mohd Shukri NH. Associations of father’s breastfeeding attitude and support with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding among first-time mothers.Mal J Med Health Sci. 2020;16 (6):84-89.
  • Pakilaran G, Rasni H, Rosyidi MNK, Wijaya D. Family support on exclusive breastfeeding in babies aged 0-6 months in Indonesia: Literature Review. Nurse Healty Sci J, 2022; 2(2): 104-107. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v2i2.53
  • Yang Y, Lu H. Breastfeeding in hospitalised preterm infants: A survey from 18 tertiary neonatal intensive care units across mainland China. J Peadiatr and Child Health. 2020;56 (9):1432-1437. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14967
  • Wang F, Gao Y, Han Z, Yu Y, Long Z, Jiang X & Zhao Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. Nat Hum Behav. 2021;7(8):1307-1319. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Midwifery (Other), Obstetrics and Gynocology Nursing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selin Nur Altun 0000-0003-2882-2682

Dilek Öcalan 0000-0001-8986-6449

Early Pub Date September 30, 2025
Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date November 17, 2024
Acceptance Date September 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Altun, S. N., & Öcalan, D. (2025). Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers with Infants Aged 0-6 Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 15(3), 561-567. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822
AMA Altun SN, Öcalan D. Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers with Infants Aged 0-6 Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. September 2025;15(3):561-567. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822
Chicago Altun, Selin Nur, and Dilek Öcalan. “Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers With Infants Aged 0-6 Months”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 2025): 561-67. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822.
EndNote Altun SN, Öcalan D (September 1, 2025) Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers with Infants Aged 0-6 Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15 3 561–567.
IEEE S. N. Altun and D. Öcalan, “Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers with Infants Aged 0-6 Months”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 561–567, 2025, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822.
ISNAD Altun, Selin Nur - Öcalan, Dilek. “Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers With Infants Aged 0-6 Months”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15/3 (September2025), 561-567. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822.
JAMA Altun SN, Öcalan D. Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers with Infants Aged 0-6 Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2025;15:561–567.
MLA Altun, Selin Nur and Dilek Öcalan. “Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers With Infants Aged 0-6 Months”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 15, no. 3, 2025, pp. 561-7, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1586822.
Vancouver Altun SN, Öcalan D. Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Related Factors Among Mothers with Infants Aged 0-6 Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2025;15(3):561-7.

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