Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi Uygulamaları: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 29 - 42, 01.06.2017

Melek Süler

Abstract

Bilişsel davranışçı terapi BDT günümüzde psikoterapi alanında kullanılan tedavi yaklaşımları arasında öne çıkmasına rağmen, Çocuk ve ergenlerde Bilişsel davranışçı terapi uygulamalarının etkinliği son zamanlarda yapılan araştırmalarla literatürde yerini almaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında Çocuk ve Ergenlerde BDT’nin temel yapısı ve işleyişini, terapide kullanılan yöntemleri, çocuklar ve ergenlerle BDT çalışırken karşılaşılan güçlükleri ele almak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise Çocuk ve Ergenlerde BDT’nin etkinliğini incelemektir. Çocuk ve ergenlerle BDT uygulamalarının yapılan çalışmalarla olumlu etkinliği ortaya koyulmakla birlikte özellikle ülkemizde bu alanda yapılacak ampirik çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir

Keywords

Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi, çocuk, ergenlik

Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi Uygulamaları: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Abstract

Although cognitive behavioral therapy CBT is currently one of the treatment approaches used in the field of psychotherapy, the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy applications in children and adolescents has recently been found in the literature. In this surveillance study, it was aimed to examine the basic structure and functioning of CBT in children and adolescents, the methods used in therapy, the difficulties in working CBT with children and adolescents. Another aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of CBT in children and adolescents. Although the positive effectiveness of the CBT in the children and adolescents were proved by the scientific studies, there is a need this kind of ampirical researches in the Turkey

Keywords

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, child, adolescence

References

• Albano, A. M., ve Kendall, P. C. (2002). Cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders: Clinical research advances. International review of psychiatry, 14(2), 129-134.
• Aslan, S. H., Aslan, O., Alparslan, Z. N. (1998) Annedeki süregen depresyonun çocuktaki depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerine etkisi: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 9:32- 37.
• Beck, A., Epstein, N. ve Harrison, R. (1983). Cognitions, attitudes and personality dimensions in depression. British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 1-16.
• Beck, J. S. (2011). Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi Temelleri ve Ötesi. (M. Şahin, Çev.) NewYork: The Guildforn Press.
• Beidas, R. S., Crawley, S. A., Mychailyszyn, M. P., Comer, J. S. ve Kendall, P. C. (2010). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxious youth with comorbid school refusal: Clinical presentation and treatment response. Psychological Topics, 19(2010), 255271.
• Bernard, M. E. (1984). Childhood emotion and cognitive behavior therapy: a rational-emotive perspective. P. C. Kendall (Ed.) Advances in Cognitive- Behavioral Research and Therapy, (3). London: Academic Press, Inc., 213- 253.
• Berstein GA, Borchardt CM (1991) Anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence: A critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 30: 519-532.
• Black, B., ve Robbins, D. R. (1990). Panic disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(1), 36-44.
• Bouchard S, Mendlowitz S, Coles MF ve ark. (2004). Considerations in use of exposure with children. Cogn Behav Pract, 11: 56-65.
• Cobham, V. E., Dadds, M. R., Spence, S. H. (1998). The role of parental anxiety in the treatment of childhood anxiety. J Consult Clin Psych 66:893–905.
• Cohen, J. A. ve Mannarino, A. P. (1996) A treatment outcome study for sexually abused preschool children: initial findings. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35, 42-50.
• Creswell C, Cartwright-Hatton (2007) Family treatment of child anxiety: outcomes, limitations, and future directions. Clin Child Fam Psych 10:232- 52.
• David-Ferdon, C. ve Kaslow, N. J. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 62–104.
• Deblinger, E., McLeer, S.V. ve Henry, D. (1990) Cognitive behavioural treatment for sexually abused children suffering post-traumatic stress disorder: preliminary findings. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 29, 747-52.
• Di Giuseppe R. (1989). Cognitive therapy with children.Comprehensive handbook of cognitive therapy. A Freeman, KM Simon, Le Beuther, H Arkowitz (ED.) Plenum Press, New York, 515- 532.
• Douglas, J. (1998) Therapy for parents of difficult pre-school children. In: Graham, P. (ed.), Cognitive behaviour therapy for children and families. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Duffy, G., ve Spence, S. H. (1993). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Self‐Management as an Adjunct to a Behavioural Intervention for Childhood Obesity: a Research Note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34(6), 1043-1050.
• Durlak, J. A., Wells, A.M., Cotton, J.K. ve Johnson, S. (1995). Analysis of selected methodological issues in child psychotherapy research. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 24, 141_–_8.
• Durlak, J. A., Furnham, T. ve Lampman, C. (1991). Effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy for maladapting children: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 110, 204_–_14.
• Erermiş. S., Bellibaş. E., Özbaran. B. ve ark. (2009.) Ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu olan okul öncesi yaş grubu çocukların annelerinin mizaç özellikleri. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 20:14-21.
• Froggatt, W. (2006). A Brief İntroduction of cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 1-1
• Fuggle, P., Dunsmuir, S. ve Curry, V. (2013).Facilitating Change: Behavioural Techniques.CBT with Children, Young People and Families.Sage.
• Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., ve Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research
• Hudson, J. L., Rapee, R. M. (2001). Parent-child interactions and the anxiety disorders: An observational analysis. Behaviour Res Ther 39:1411-27.
• Hughes, A. A., Furr, J. M., Sood, E. D. ve ark. (2009). Anxiety, mood and substance use disorders in parents of children with anxiety disorders. Child Psychiat Hum D 40:405-19.
• Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G. (1993). Social Phobia and Social Anxiety. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. Editor: DH Barlow, Guilford Press, New York. s. 99-136.
• Eccleston, C., Palermo, T. M., Williams, A. C., Lewandowski Holley, A., Morley, S., Fisher, E., ve Law, E. (2014). Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5(5), CD003968.
• Eisen AR, Silverman WK (1993) Should I relax or change my thoughts? A preliminary examination of cognitive theraphy, relaxation, and their combination with overanxious children. J Cogn Psychother, 1:265-279.
• Emiroğlu, F. N., Baykara, B. (2008). Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu, Panik Bozukluğu, Özgül Fobi, Sosyal fobi. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Temel Kitabı. Editörler: F Çuhadaroğlu Çetin ve ark. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği, s.320-329
• Friedberg, R. G. ve McClure, J. M. (2002). The clinical practice of cognitive therapy with children & adolescents; The nuts and bolts. New York: Guilford Press.
• Geller, D. A., Biederman, J., Jones, J., Park, K., Schwartz, S., Shapiro, S. et al. (1988). Is juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder a developmental subtype of the disorder? A review of the pediatric literature. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry; 37:420-427. 7.
• Ginsburg, G. S., Drake, K. L. (2002). School-based treatment for anxious African-American adolescent: A controlled pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41(7): 768775.
• Grave, J., Blissett, J. (2004). Is cognitive behaviour therapy developmentally appropriate for young children? A critical review of the evidence. Clin Psychol Rev, 24: 399-420.
• Kashani, J. H., Orvaschel, H. (1990). A community study of anxiety in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiat, 147, 313318.
• Karaman, D., Durukan, İ., ve Erdem, M. (2011). Çocukluk çağı başlangıçlı obsesif kompulsif bozukluk. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(2).
• Karakaya, E., ve Öztop, D. B. (2013). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 2(1), 10-24.
• Karrass, J., Walden, T. A., Conture, E. G., Graham, C. G., Arnold, H. S, Hartfield, K. N., ve Schwenk, K. A. (2006). Relation of emotional reactivity and regulation to childhood stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39, 402–423.
• Kearney, C. A. (2002). Case study of the assessmement and treatment of a youth with multifunction school refusal behavior. Clinical Case Studies, 1(1), 67-80. Kelman, E., ve Wheeler, S. (2015). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with children who stutter. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 193, 165-174.
• Kendall, P., Chansky, T., Kane, M., Kim, R., Kortlander, E., Ronan, K. ve Siqueland, L. (1992). Anxiety disorders in youth: cognitive-behavioral interventions. Allyn and Bacon. Needham Heights, MA.
• Kendall, P. C., ve Braswell, L. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for impulsive children. Guilford Press.
• Kendall, D. M., Riddle, M. C., Rosenstock, J., Zhuang, D., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S. ve Baron, A. D. (2005). Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea. Diabetes care, 28(5), 1083- 1091.
• Kendall, P. C. ve Suveg, C. (2006). Treating anxiety disorders in youth. İçinde P.C. Kendall, (Ed.), Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures (s. 243-294). NY: The Guilford Press.
• King, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Heyne, D. ve Ollendick, T. H. (2000). Research on the cognitivebehavioral treatment od school refusal: A review and recommendations. Clinical Psyhchology Review, 20 (4), 495-507.
• King, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Heyne, D., Pritchard, M., Rollings, S., Young, D., Myerson, N. ve Ollendick, T. H. (1998). Cognitive behavioural treatment of school-refusing children: a controlled evaluation.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37, 395-403.
• Leonard, H. L., Lenane, M. C., Swedo, S. E., Rettew, D. C., Gershon, E. S., Rapoport, J. L. (1992). Tics and Tourette’s disorder: a 2- to 7-year follow-up of 54 obsessive-compulsive children. Am J Psychiatry; 149:1244-1251.
• Manassis, K., Mendlowitz, S. L., Scapillato, D., Avery, D., Fiksenbaum, L., Freire, M. et al. (2002). Group and individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety disorders: arandomized trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41:1423-1430.
• Moffitt, C. E., Chorpita, B. F. ve Fernandez, S. N. (2003). Intensive cognitive-behavioral treatment of school refusal behavior. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 10, 51-60.
• Nathan, W. A. (1992). Integrated multimodal therapy of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 56(3), 283.
• Nelles, W. B., ve Barlow, D. H. (1988). Do children panic? Clinical Psychology Review, 8(4), 359-372.
• Ollendick, T. H., Mattis, S. G., ve King, N. J. (1994). Panic in children and adolescents: A review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(1), 113-134.
• Ollendick, T. H., Jarret, M. A., Grills-Taquechel, A. E. ve ark. (2008). Comorbidity as a predictor and moderator of treatment outcome in youth with anxiety, affective, attention deficit/ hiperactivity disorder, and oppositional/conduct disorders. Clin Psychol Rev, 28(8): 1447- 1471.
• Ollendick, T. H., Öst, L. G., Reuterskild, L. ve ark. (2010). Comorbidity in youth with specific phobias: Impact of comorbidity on treatment outcome and the impact of treatment on comorbid disorders. Behav Res Ther, 48: 827-831.
• Rapopor,t J. L., Elkins, R., Langer, D. H., Sceery, W., Buchsbaum, M. S., Gillin, J. C. et al. (1981). Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 138:1545- 1554.
• Reynolds, S., Wilson, C., Austin, J., ve Hooper, L. (2012). Clinical psychology review effects of psychotherapy for anxiety in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 251–262.
• Ronen, T. (1993). Intervention package for treating encopresis in a 6-year-old boy: a case study. Behavioural Psychotherapy 21, 127-35.
• Ronen, T., Rahav, G. ve Wozner, Y. (1995). Self-control and enuresis. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: an International Quarterly 9, 249-58.
• Sanders, M. R., Shepherd, R. W., Cleghorn, G. ve Woolford, H. (1994). The treatment of recurrent abdominal pain in children: a controlled comparison of cognitive-behavioural family intervention and standard pediatric care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62, 306-14.
• Seligman, L. D., Ollendick, T. H. (2011.) Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am, 20(2): 217-238.
• Silverman, W. K., Pina, A. A., Viswesvaran, C. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child AdolescPsychol, 37:105-130.
• Siqueland, L., Kendall, P. C., Steinberg, L. (1996). Anxiety in children: Perceived family environments and observed family interaction. J Clin Child Psychol 25:225-37.
• Sümer, N., Şendağ, M. A. (2009). Orta çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlere bağlanma, benlik algısı ve kaygı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 24:89-101.
• Stewart, S. E., Geller, D. A., Jenike, M., Pauls, D., Shaw, D., Mullin, B. et al. (2004). Long-term outcome of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta analysis and qualitative review of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand; 110:4-13.
• Sungur, M. Z. (1993). Depresyonun kognitif teorisi. Depresyon monografları serisi, 3, 123-134.
• Sungur, M. Z. (1994). Kognitif görüş bağlamında depresyon ve antisipasyon. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji ve Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 2.
• Stallard, P. (2002). Think Good- Feel Good. A Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Workbook for Children and Young People. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
• Tekinsav Sütcü, G. S. (2006). Ergenlerde öfke ve saldırganlığı azaltmaya yönelik bilişsel davranışçı bir müdahale programının etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Ege Üniversitesi).
• Toren, P., Eldar, S., Cendorf, D., Wolmer, L., Weizman, R., Zubadi, R., ... ve Laor, N. (1999). The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in children with anxiety disorders. Journal of psychiatric research, 33(4), 357-361.
• Türkbay, T., Söhmen, T. (2001). Ayrılık kaygısı bozukluğunda bireysel ve ailesel etmenler. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 8:77-84.
• Türkçapar, H. (2008). Bilişsel Terapi, HYB Yayınları Ankara
• Türkçapar, H., Sungur, M. Z., Akdemir, A. (1995). Çocuk ve ergenlerde bilişsel terapiler. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2(2), 93-100.
• Wilde, J. (1992). Rational counseling with school-aged populations: a practical guide. Bristol: Accelerated Development.
• Vernon, A. (1999). Counseling children and adolescents. (2nd Ed.). Denver: Love Publishing Company.
• Young, J., Brown, P. F. (1996). Cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety: practical tips for using it with children. Clinical Psychology Forum 91, 19-21.