The variations of carbonic anhdrase in species of the genera of $Mus$ Linnaeus, 1758 and $Rattus$ Fischer, 1803 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in the line of Ankara - Zonguldak provinces

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase ($CA_{1}$) enzyme variations of one hundred and forty six specimens of $Mus~ domesticus$, $Mus~ macedonicus$ (House mice) and one hundred and twenty specimens of $Rattus~ rattus$ (Roof rat) and $Rattus~ norvegicus$ (Brown rat) were examined by the field work conducted in 23 localities in the line of Ankara-Bolu Zonguldak. It was determined that $CA_{1}$ was fixed to two different homozygous alleles in both house mouse species. In the roof rat samples, $CA_{1}$ was fixed to two homozygous alleles at different frequencies in two groups formed according to the colour of the back fur. A single homozygous allele was detected at the $CA_{1}$ locus of brown rat samples. It was observed that these four species were separated in the UPGMA tree made according to allele frequencies. In this respect, it was evaluated that $CA_{1}$ could be a molecular marker that can be used to distinguish these species.

Keywords

• Mus
• Rattus
• carbonic anhydrase
• variation

References

1. Khlyap, L.A., Warshavsky, A.A., Synanthropic and agrophilic rodents as invasive alien mammals. Russian Journal of Biological Invasion, 4 (4) (2010), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111710040089
2. Kosoy, M., Khlyap, L., Cosson, J.F., Morand, S., Aboriginal and invasive rats of genus Rattus as hosts of infectious agents. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 5 (1) (2015), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2014.1629
3. Vohrálík, V., Sofianidov, T.S., Frynta, D., Reproduction in Mus macedonicus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in the Balkans. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 47 (3-4) (1998), 283-292.
4. Kryśtufek, B., Machalon, M., Morphological differentiation in Mus spicilegus and the taxonomic status of mound-building from the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia. Journal of Zoology, 245(2) (1998), 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00086.x
5. Özkan, B., Invasive coypus, Myocastor coypus (Molina; 1782) in European part of Turkey. Israel Journal of Zoology, 45 (1999), 289- 291.
6. Özkan, B., Krystufek, B., Wood mice, Apodemus of two Turkish islands: Gökçeada and Bozcaada. Folia Zoologica, 48 (1) (1999), 17-24.
7. Kryštufek, B., Vohralík, V., Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus. Introduction, Checklist, Insectivora, Knjižnica Annales Majora, Koper, 2001.
8. Gözcelioğlu, B., Çolak, R., Çolak, E., Yiğit, N., A Study on Mus domesticus Rutty, 1772 and Mus macedonicus Petrov and Ruzíc, 1983 (Mammalia: Rodentia) Distributed along the Line of Ankara, Bolu and Zonguldak. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29 (2) (2005), 133-140.

9. Neumann, K., Michaux, J., Lebedev, V., Yigit, N., Colak, E., Ivanova, N., Poltoraus, A., Surov, A., Markov, G., Maak, S., Neumann, S., Gattermann, R., Molecular phylogeny of the Cricetinae subfamily based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rRNA genes and the nuclear vWF gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39 (1) (2006), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.010
10. Thaler, L., Bonhomme, F., Janice Britton-Davidian, Hamar, M., The House mouse complex of species: Sympatric occurrence of biochemical groups Mus 2 and Mus 4 in Rumania. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 46 (1981), 169-173.
11. Bonhomme, F., Catalan, J., Gerasimov, S., Orsini, Ph., Thaler, L., Le complexe d’espèces du genre Mus en Europe Centrale et Orientale I. Génétique. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 48 (1983), 78-85.
12. Bonhomme, F., Catalan, J., Davidian, J. B., Chapman, M.V., Moriwaki, K., Nevo, E., Thaler, L., Biochemical diversity and evolution in the Genus Mus. Biochemical Genetics, 22 (3/4) (1984), 275-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00484229
13. Awasthi, M., Bhat, K.V., Anand, R.K., Allozymic variation in four Indian species of Genus Mus: a comparative analysis. Journal of Genetics, 78 (1999), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02924558
14. Mezhzherin, S.V., Kotenkova, E.V., Mikhailenko, A.G., The house mice, Mus musculus s. I., hybrid zone of Transcaucasus. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 63 (1998), 54-168.
15. Misonne, X., Mammiferes de la Turquie sub-orientale et du nord de la Syrie. Mammalia, 21 (1957), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1957.21.1.53
16. Bodenheimer, F.S., The present taxonomic status of the terrestrial mammals of Palestine. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel B, 7 (1958), 165-190.
17. Hatt, R.T., The Mammals of Iraq. Miscellaneous Publication of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, USA, 1959.
18. Ondrias, J.C., The taxanomy and geographical distribution of the rodents of Greece. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 14 (1966), 1- 136.
19. Lay, D.M., A study of the mammals of Iran, resulting from the street expedition of 1962-1963. Fieldiana Zoology, 54 (1967), 1-282.
20. Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Sözen, M., Özkurt, Ş., The taxonomy and karyology of Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) and Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia:Muridae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 22 (1998), 203-212.
21. Yiğit, N., Verimli, R., Çolak, E., Sözen, M., Özkurt, Ş., Blood-serum proteins of Rattus rattus and Rattus
22. Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Kandemir, İ., Kankılıç, T., Çolak, R., Allozyme variation in Rattus rattus (Rodentia: Muridae) in Turkey, with particular emphasis on the taxonomy. Zoology in the Middle East, 45 (1) (2008), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2008.10638302
23. Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., Özkurt, Ş., Özlük, A., Çolak, R., Gül, N., Saygılı, F., Yüce. D., Allozyme variation in wild rats Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 62 (1) (2010), 79-88.
24. Baydemir, N.A., Chromosomal polymorphism of Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (rodentia: muridae) in Central Anatolia, Folia biologica (Kraków), 59 (1-2) (2011), 31-34. https://doi.org/10.3409/fb59_1-2.31-34
25. Kankılıç, T., Yiğit, N., Kankılıç, T., Chromosomal polymorphism in Thracian populations of Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Muridae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30 (3) (2006), 319-327.
26. Çolak R., Yiğit N., Çolak E., Sözen M., Özkurt Ş., Nonspecific esterase patterns of Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) in Western Turkey, Turkish Journal of Biology, 24 (4) (2000), 825-832.
27. Augustinsson, K. B., Henricson, B., A genetically controlled esterase in rat plasma. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 124 (1966), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(66)90195-4
28. Carter, N., Parr, C., Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase polymorphism in British wild rats. Nature, 224 (5225) (1969). https://doi.org/10.1038/2241214a0
29. Gasser, L.D., Silvers, W.K., Reynolds H.M., Black, G., Palm, J., Serum esterase genetics in rats: Two new alleles at Es-2, a new esterase regulated by hormonal factors, and linkage of these loci to the Ag-C blood group locus. Biochemical Genetics, 10 (3) (1973), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00485699
30. Marin-Jimenez, D., Enzyme inheritance in the laboratory rat. The journal of Heredity, 65 (1974), 235-237. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108512
31. Matsumoto, K., Syuto, B., Miyake, Y., Matsuhashi, A., Aizawa, M., Serum esterase genetics: identification and hormone induction of the Es-1b esterase in inbred rats. Biochemical Genetics, 17 (11-12) (1979), 1121-1130. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00504349
32. Kendall, B., Glucose phosphate dehydrogenase polymorphism and the genetics of linkage group II in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). Laboratory animals, 19 (1985), 169-172. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367785780893502
33. Samollow, P.B., Vandeberg, J.L., Ford, A.L., Kunz, H.W., Gill, T.J., Genetic analysis of liver neuraminidase isozymes in Rattus norvegicus: independent control of Neu-1 and Neu-2 phenotypes. Genetics, 114 (1986), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.1.247
34. Baverstock, P.R., Adams, M., Maxon, L.R., Yosida, T.H., Genetic differentiation among karyotypic forms of black rat, Rattus rattus. Genetics, 105 (1983), 969-983. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/105.4.969
35. Baverstock, P.R., Adams, M., Watts, S.H.C., Biochemical differentiation among karyotypic forms of Australian Rattus. Genetica, 71 (1986), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00123228
36. Cramer, D.V., Chakravarti, A., Arenas, O., Humprieres, J., Mowery, P.A., Genetic diversity within and between natural populations of Rattus norvegicus. Journal of heredity, 79 (1988), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110522
37. Skidmore, A.F., Beebee T.J.C., Changes in testicular lactate dehydrogenase of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) during growth and development. Comparative Biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative Biochemistry, 98 (2/3) (1991), 279-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(91)90179-h
38. Yamada, T., Moralejo, D., Tsuchiya, K., Agui, T., Matsumoto, K., Biochemical polymorphisms in wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) captured in Oita city, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 55 (4) (1993), 673-675. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.55.673
39. Günther E., Walter L., The major histocompatibility complex of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Immunogenetics, 53 (2001), 520-542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002510100361
40. Rothe, G.M., Electrophoresis of Enzymes, Laboratory Methods, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
41. Shaw, C.R., Prasad, R., Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes—A compilation of recipes. Biochemical Genetics, 4 (1970), 297-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00485780
42. Harris, H., Hopkinson, D.A., Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1976.
43. Russell, P.J., Genetics, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc., Michigan University, 1998.
44. Auffray, J.C., Tchernov, E., Bonhomme, F., Heth, G., Simson, S., Nevo, E., Presence and ecological distribution of Mus spretoides and Mus musculus domesticus in Israel Circum-Mediterranenan in the genus Mus. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 55 (1990), 1-10.
45. Marin-Jimenez, D., Dessauer, H.C., Protein phenotype variation in laboratory populations of Rattus norvegicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 46 (1973), 487-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(73)90088-6