Investigation of Plantago lanceolata L.: a multidimensional study on its biochemical profiling, antioxidant capacity, and biological activities

Abstract

Plantago lanceolata L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant recognized for its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This research focused on evaluating its biological activity, antioxidant capacity, and volatile compound composition through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The extract’s effects on biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria were evaluated, showing significant biofilm inhibition and disruption. The antimicrobial activity was assessed based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The extract exhibited strong effects against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Streptococcus mutans, and S. aureus MRSA+MDR strains. The antioxidant potential was assessed through the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, demonstrating a notable ability to scavenge free radicals. These findings suggest that P. lanceolata could serve as a protective or supportive agent against diseases associated with oxidative stress. GC-MS analysis identified the volatile components, with high concentrations of fatty acid derivatives such as linolenic acid and hexadecenoic acid. The study demonstrated that P. lanceolata possesses notable antibiofilm, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable natural resource. Owing to its bioactive compounds, this species exhibits significant potential for applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. It may also function as an important phytochemical in the drug developers' search for resources. Further research is required to expand its potential applications and prove its clinical efficacy.

Keywords

• Plantago lanceolata L.
• anti-biofilm activity
• antimicrobial activity
• antioxidant activity

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