Leaf and petiole anatomy of some grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 243 - 259, 26.12.2025

Oktay Bıyıklıoğlu , Serhat Karabıcak , Talip Çeter

https://doi.org/10.53447/communc.1817845

Abstract

The grapevine has been cultivated in almost every region of the world due to its commercial value and as a spread source of food, all which has allowed diversification of grape types. The distinction of grapevine varieties is usually made by examining their morphological features. However, it is known that anatomical studies are very valuable in plant taxonomy. In this study, the anatomical features of leaf and petiole sections were examined using three set of samples for eight different grapevine varieties (i.e., 'Öküzgözü', 'Narince', 'Syrah', 'Boğazkere', 'Kalecik Karası', 'Viognier', 'Malbec' and 'Sauvignon Blanch') grown in the vineyards of Toklümen village in the center of Kırşehir Province. Leaf blade sections are generally seen to consist of upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma and lower epidermis layers. On the other hand, the petiole has a five-lobed appearance in cross-section, drawing attention to the accessory vascular bundle seen from the adaxial region along with large vascular bundles above them. According to the findings, it was determined that although the anatomical features may vary according to environmental effects, there were significant differences in different cultivars growing in the same area.

Keywords

Anatomical studies , paraffin method , transverse section , superficial section , PCA

References

• Metcalfe, C.R., Chalk, L., Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, Volume 1. Clarendon Press: London, UK, 1957.
• Davis, P.H., Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands Vitaceae Volume 2. 521-522. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, UK, 1967.
• Wen, J. Vitaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. Editor. Flowering Plants. Springer, (2007), 467–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_54
• Najmaddin, C., Hussin, K., Maideen, H., Comparative study on the anatomy and palynology of the three variety of Vitis vinifera varity (family Vitaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (74), (2011). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.2315
• Xu, Z., Deng, M., Identification and control of common weeds. Vitaceae, 2 (2017), 695–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1157-7_50
• Keller, M., The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology, 2nd Ed. Elsevier Academic Press: London, UK, 2015.
• Gerrath, J.M. Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. PhD Thesis, The University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, 1988.
• McGovern, P., Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture. Princeton University Press: Princeton, Oxford, 2003.
• Çelik, H., Vizyon 2023 Bağcılık Çalıştayı. Tekirdağ Bağcılık Araştırma İstasyonu, Tekirdağ, Turkey, 2013.
• Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture. International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), 2019. Retrieved from http://www.oiv.int/public/medias/6782/oiv-2019-statistical-report-on-world-vitiviniculture.pdf
• Demir, Z., Levent, A., The varieties and characteristics of grapes grown in southeast anatolia region. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 10 (2) (2020), 121-135.
• Ünal, M.S., Yıldırım, M., Şırnak ili idil ilçesinde yetiştirilen üzüm çeşitlerinin bazı ampelografik özelliklerinin tespiti. Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Journal of Science, 6 (2019), 190-203. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.597686
• Swanepoel, J.J., Harpe, A.C., Orffer, C.J., A comparative anatomical study of the grapevine shoot: I: epidermis. South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture, 5 (2) (1984), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.21548/5-2-2359
• Swanepoel, J.J., Harpe, A.C., Orffer, C.J., A comparative anatomical study of the grapevine shoot and cane: II: periderm and secondary phloem. South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture, 5 (2) (1984), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.21548/5-2-2360
• Marasalı, B., Aktekin, A., Sulanan ve sulanmayan bağ koşullarında yetiştirilen üzüm çeşitlerinde stoma sayısının karşılaştırılması. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9 (3) (2003), 370-372. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000839
• Monteiro, A., Teixeira, G., Lopes, C.M., Comparative leaf micromorphoanatomy of Vitis vinifera ssp. (Vitaceae) red cultivars. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola, 28 (1) (2013), 19-28.
• Boso, S., Gago, P., Alonso-Villaverde, V., Santiago, J.L., Martinez Rodriguez, M.C., Density and size of stomata in the leaves of different hybrids (Vitis sp.) and Vitis vinifera varieties. Vitis, 55 (1) (2016), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2016.55.17-22
• Gago, P., Conéjéro, G., Martínez, M.C., Boso, S., This, P., Verdeil, J.L., Microanatomy of leaf trichomes: opportunities for improved ampelographic discrimination of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 22 (3) (2016), 494–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12226
• Nowshehri, J.A., Bhat, Z.A., Shah, M.Y., Pharmacognostic standardisation and phytochemical evaluation on the seeds of Two Vitis Vinefera L. varieties grown in Kashmir Valley. Pharmacognosy Journal, 8 (5) (2016), 465–470. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2016.5.9
• Gago, P., Conejero, G., Martínez, M.C., This, P., Verdeil, J.L., Comparative anatomy and morphology of the leaves of grenache noir and syrah grapevine cultivars. South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture, 40 (2) (2019), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.21548/40-2-3031
• Bıyıklıoğlu, O., Comparison of anatomical characteristics of some grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars cultivated in Anatolia. Master Thesis, Kastamonu University Institute of Science, Kastamonu, Turkey, 2020.
• Adkinson, J., Some features of the anatomy of the Vitaceae. Annals of Botany, 27 (1) (1913), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a089446
• Esau, K., Anatomy and cytology of Vitis phloem. Hilgardia, 37 (2) (1965), 17–72. https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v37n02p017
• Dami, I., Hughes, H., Leaf anatomy and water loss of in vitro PEG-treated ‘Valiant’ grape. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 42 (2) (1995), 179-184.
• Chatelet, D.S., Rost, T.L., Matthews, M.A., Shackel, K.A., The peripheral xylem of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berries. 2. Anatomy and development. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59 (8) (2008), 1997-2007. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern061
• Codreanu, V., Quantitative anatomy of grapevine (Vitis L.) leaf blade. Modern Phytomorphology, 4 (2013), 199-207. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.161371
• Van de Wal, B.A.E., Leroux, O., Steppe, K., Post-veraison irreversible stem shrinkage in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is caused by periderm formation. Tree Physiology, 38 (5) (2017), 745–754. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpx158
• Ickert-Bond, S.M., Harris, A.L., Lutz, S., Wen, J., A detailed study of leaf micromorphology and anatomy of New World Vitis L. subgenus Vitis within a phylogenetic and ecological framework reveals evolutionary convergence. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 56 (4) (2018), 309–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12313
• Falchi, R., Petrussa, E., Braidot, E., Sivilotti, P., Boscutti, F., Vuerich, M., Calligaro, C., Filippi, A., Herrera, J.C., Sabbatini, P., Zancani, M., Nardini, A., Peterlunger, E., Casolo, V., Analysis of non-structural carbohydrates and xylem anatomy of leaf petioles offers new insights in the drought response of two grapevine cultivars. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21 (4) (2020), 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041457
• Álvarez, R., García-Ferreira, B., López, B., Martínez, J.J.I., Boso, S., Martínez, M.-C., Histological Study of Leaf Galls Induced by Phylloxera in Vitis (Vitaceae) Leaves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 91 (1) (2021), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-020-01206-x
• Ramsing, C.K., Gramaje, D., Mocholí, S., Agustí, J., Cabello Sáenz de Santa María, F., Armengol, J., Berbegal, M., Relationship between the xylem anatomy of grapevine rootstocks and their susceptibility to Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.726461
• Zhang, C., Fan, X., Liu, C., Fang, J., Anatomical berry characteristics during the development of grape berries with different shapes. Horticultural Plant Journal, 7 (4) (2021), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2021.04.002
• Álvarez, R., Ferreira, B.G., Moreno-González, V., Alonso-Redondo, R., Penas, Á., del Río, S., Leaf anatomy of varieties of Vitis vinifera from DO León (Spain) and its relationship to the susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. Flora, 292 (2022), 152077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2022.152077
• El-Banna, M.F., AL-Huqail, A.A., Farouk, S., Belal, B.E.A., El-Kenawy, M.A., Abd El-Khalek, A.F., Morpho-physiological and anatomical alterations of salt-affected thompson seedless grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to brassinolide spraying. Horticulturae, 8 (7) (2022), 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070568
• Johansen, D., A. Plant Microtechnique. McGraw-Hill: New York, USA, 1940.
• Algan, G., Microtechnics for the Plant Tissues. Publication of Fırat Univ. Science & Art Faculty: İstanbul, Turkey, 1981.
• Mavi, D.Ö., Doğan, M. Cabi, E., Comparative leaf anatomy of the genus Hordeum L. (Poaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 35 (2011), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1003-14
• Ulusoy, F.M., Karakaya, M.A., Idman, D.Ö.M., Bani, B., A new diagnostic character in the roots of the genus Grammosciadium DC (Apiaceae). Phytotaxa, 292 (2) (2017), 150–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.2
• Bani, B., Ulusoy, F., Karakaya, M.A., Koch, M., A. Taxonomic implications from morphological and anatomical studies in the section Stenodiptera from the genus Grammosciadium (Apiaceae). PhytoKeys, 68 (2016), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.68.9089
• Bowsher, A.W., Mason, C.M., Goolsby, E.W., Donovan, L., A. Fine root tradeoffs between nitrogen concentration and xylem vessel traits preclude unified whole‐plant resource strategies in Helianthus. Ecology and Evolution, 6 (4) (2016), 1016–1031. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1947
• Manoj, K., Tushar, B., Chaphalkar, S., Anatomical variability in grape (Vitis venifera) genotypes in relation to Water Use Efficiency (WUE). American Journal of Plant Physiology, 2 (1) (2006), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajpp.2007.36.43
• Salem-Fnayou, A.B., Bouamama, B., Ghorbel, A., Mliki, A., Investigations on the leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) under heat stress. Microscopy Research and Technique, 74 (8) (2010), 756–762. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20955
• Manoj, K., Tusha, T., Sushama, C., Anatomical variability in grape (Vitis venifera) genotypes in relation to Water Use Efficiency (WUE). American Journal of Plant Physiology, 2 (2007), 36-43.