Abstract
Of the most noteworthy aspects of history is its feature of shaping geography in creating a topography; namely, it is a long journey of transformation of geography as a mundane and “here-there” space thorough the lives, values, and meanings of the humane. One of the most standing-out samples of this phenomenon is certainly the one that thorough the “reappropriated” personality and “added” values of the Virgin Mary a mundane geography is transformed into a topographical model—here from a small village (Byzantium) into a gigantic imperial Constantinople in particular; and from geography of the East Roman Empire into its vast topos / topography, in general. Historically—though here the historical and the theological are, as if double containers, interlocked with each other—it is a very meaningful phenomenon via which a very humble and chaste Jewish girl, later a Jewish mother returns to a “theological” history featured with soteriological missions and functions. While reconstructed / revalorized within the tumultuous juncture of power-authority and knowledge-faith, Mary is invoked into history in a theological ethos and in a majestic mode as an expression of the emotive constellation of collective consciousness in terms of hope, paradigm-taking, protection (from material and spiritual impending calamities), will, love, and the like. In other words, in such a perilous context where many skirmishes and wars were going on, civic religion invites the pro/model of the Virgin Mary with her new roles, such as madonna (“my lady / mother”) and Theotôkos (“God-Bearer”) as a protector, care-giver, supporter, and an asylum of incontinence for all kinds of prayers and litanies offered by the masses. In connection with this background, the cult and perception of the Mother Mary is invited in the aim to make geography “Christian” by the political and –thence—theological core via Christian creedal codes, wrought in the Hellenistic trough. This is a prototypical inoculation of a revelation-centric figure on a cult-centric Hellenism. Revealingly, the expressions and manifestations of this phenomenon within the theological, socio-cultural, and collective unconscious frame are unfolded in historical processes
Keywords
References
- Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I. to the Death of Justinian. Volume: 1, New York, Dover Publ., 1958.
- Coxe, Arthur C. (ed.) The Ante-Nicene Father, Buffalo, NY, The Christian Literature Company, 1885.
- Eusebius, The Ecclesiastical History. transl. Kirsopp Lake and John E.L. Oulton, New York, Putnam, 1932.
- Fisher, George P. The Beginnings of Christianity with a view of the State of the Roman World at the Birth of Christ, New York, Charles Sc. Sons, 1887.
- Fulton, Rachel. From Judgment to Passion: Devotion to Christ and the Virgin Mary, 800-1200, New York, Columbia University Press, 2002.
- Gelpi, Donald L. The Firstborn of Many: A Christology for Converting Christians, vol. 1, Milwaukee, Marquette University Press, 2001.
- Halsberghe, Gaston. "The cult of Sol Invictus", Leiden, Brill, 1972.
- Hijmans, S. "Sol Invictus, the Winter Solstice, and the Origins of Christmas", Mouseion Calgary 3.3: 377-398 (2003).
- Irenaeus, Proof of the Apostolic Preaching, trans. by John Behr (PPS, 1997).
- Limberis, Vasiliki. Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the creation of Christian Constantinople,London and New York, Routledge Publ. , 1994.
- Minns, Denis. Irenaeus, Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Press, 1994.
- Payton Jr., James R., Irenaeus on the Christian Faith: A Condensation of 'Against Heresies' Cambridge, James Clarke and Co Ltd, 2012.
- Quasten, J. Patrology: The Beginnings of Patristic Literature, Westminster, MD, Newman Press, 1960.
- Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church: Ante-Nicene Christianity, A.D. 100-325, Grand Rapids, Mich, Eerdmans, 1980.
- Shoemaker, Stephen J. Ancient Traditions of the Virgin Mary's Dormition and Assumption, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Sozomen. The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen: Comprising a History of the Church from A.D. 324 to A.D. 440(transl. by E. Walford), London, Henry G. Bohn. 1855.
- Tümer, Günay. Hıristiyanlıkta ve İslam'da Hz. Meryem, Ankara, Diyanet Vakfı Yay., 1996.
- Tyson, Joseph B. A Study of Early Christianity, New York, Macmillan, 1973.
- Weitzmann, Kurt.Studies in Classical and Byzantine Manuscript Illumination, edited by Herbert L. Kessler (Chicago 1971).
- Weitzmann, Kurt (ed.). Age of Spirituality. Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century (New York and Princeton 1979).
- Weitzmann, Kurt. Late Antique and Early Christian Book Illumination (New York 1977).
- Weitzmann, Kurt. Ancient Book Illumination (Cambridge, MA 1959).
- Wolfson, Henry Austryn. The Philosophy of the Church Fathers: Faith, Trinity, Incarnation, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1970.
Meryem Ana ve Topografyanın Ana Kültü ile İnşası veya Helenizme Vurulan Vahiy-Eksenli Prototip Aşısı
Abstract
Tarih; insanın coğrafyayı topografya haline getirişinin bir bakıma özetidir; diğer bir ifade ile, coğrafyayı; yani sıradan ve buradaki-oradaki mekânın hayat, değer ve manâ hamuru ile yoğurarak; yani demografik unsurlarla bezeyerek, topografyaya dönüştürme macerasıdır tarih. Bunun en göze çarpan örneklerinden biri şüphesiz, Hz. Meryem ve ona raptedilen değer kodları ile coğrafyanın—burada özel olarak basit Byzantium / Bizans köyünün büyük Konstantinopolis haline, genel olarak da Doğu Roma’nın hâkim olduğu coğrafyanın—dönüştürülmesidir. Tarihsel olarak—gerçi burada da tarihsel olan ile teolojik olan çifte kaplar misali iç içe geçer—mütevazı ve iffetli bir Yahudi kızının ve daha sonra annesinin kurtuluş misyon ve fonksiyonlarla donatılarak “teolojik” tarihe geri dönüşü oldukça anlamlıdır. O, bir yandan imparatorluktaki güç-iktidar ile bilgi-iman ilişkilerinin hengamesinde yeniden inşâ edilirken; öte yandan da kolektif sosyal tasavvurun umut, model alma, korunma, arzu ve sevgi duygularının bir ifâdesi olarak tarihe teolojik ve görkemli bir eda ile geri çağrılır. Diğer bir ifade ile, pek çok kargaşa ve savaşın hüküm sürdüğü bir zaman diliminde halk dindarlığı (civic religion), Hz. Meryem'i "madonna" rolü ile ve Hıristiyanlığın "Oğlu" olan Hz. İsâ'ya annelik yapan teolojik bir figür / theotôkos ("Tanrı taşıyıcı/sı") olarak kendisinin koruyucusu, kollayıcısı ve destekçisi, ilahî ve duâlarında hâcet melcei olarak davet eder. Meryem Ana kültü ve tasavvuru, topografyayı "Hıristiyan kılmak" üzere politik ve teolojik merkez tarafından Hıristiyan inanç kodlarıyla-ama-Helenistik teknede yoğrularak hizmete çağrılır. Bu vahiy-eksenli bir dinî figür üzerinden kült eksenli Helenizm’e vurulan prototipsel bir aşıdır. Bunun teolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve kolektif bilinç dışı bütünündeki ifâde ve tezâhürleri tarihî süreç içinde kendini ortaya koymuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Meryem Ana, Helenizm, Topografya, Kült, İnşa, Vahiy-Eksenli, Prototip Aşısı, İkinci Havva, Güç-İktidar İlişkileri, Efes Konsili (I. ve II.), Kilise Babaları, Tyche, Artemis, MaryemolojiKeywords
References
- Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I. to the Death of Justinian. Volume: 1, New York, Dover Publ., 1958.
- Coxe, Arthur C. (ed.) The Ante-Nicene Father, Buffalo, NY, The Christian Literature Company, 1885.
- Eusebius, The Ecclesiastical History. transl. Kirsopp Lake and John E.L. Oulton, New York, Putnam, 1932.
- Fisher, George P. The Beginnings of Christianity with a view of the State of the Roman World at the Birth of Christ, New York, Charles Sc. Sons, 1887.
- Fulton, Rachel. From Judgment to Passion: Devotion to Christ and the Virgin Mary, 800-1200, New York, Columbia University Press, 2002.
- Gelpi, Donald L. The Firstborn of Many: A Christology for Converting Christians, vol. 1, Milwaukee, Marquette University Press, 2001.
- Halsberghe, Gaston. "The cult of Sol Invictus", Leiden, Brill, 1972.
- Hijmans, S. "Sol Invictus, the Winter Solstice, and the Origins of Christmas", Mouseion Calgary 3.3: 377-398 (2003).
- Irenaeus, Proof of the Apostolic Preaching, trans. by John Behr (PPS, 1997).
- Limberis, Vasiliki. Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the creation of Christian Constantinople,London and New York, Routledge Publ. , 1994.
- Minns, Denis. Irenaeus, Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Press, 1994.
- Payton Jr., James R., Irenaeus on the Christian Faith: A Condensation of 'Against Heresies' Cambridge, James Clarke and Co Ltd, 2012.
- Quasten, J. Patrology: The Beginnings of Patristic Literature, Westminster, MD, Newman Press, 1960.
- Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church: Ante-Nicene Christianity, A.D. 100-325, Grand Rapids, Mich, Eerdmans, 1980.
- Shoemaker, Stephen J. Ancient Traditions of the Virgin Mary's Dormition and Assumption, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Sozomen. The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen: Comprising a History of the Church from A.D. 324 to A.D. 440(transl. by E. Walford), London, Henry G. Bohn. 1855.
- Tümer, Günay. Hıristiyanlıkta ve İslam'da Hz. Meryem, Ankara, Diyanet Vakfı Yay., 1996.
- Tyson, Joseph B. A Study of Early Christianity, New York, Macmillan, 1973.
- Weitzmann, Kurt.Studies in Classical and Byzantine Manuscript Illumination, edited by Herbert L. Kessler (Chicago 1971).
- Weitzmann, Kurt (ed.). Age of Spirituality. Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century (New York and Princeton 1979).
- Weitzmann, Kurt. Late Antique and Early Christian Book Illumination (New York 1977).
- Weitzmann, Kurt. Ancient Book Illumination (Cambridge, MA 1959).
- Wolfson, Henry Austryn. The Philosophy of the Church Fathers: Faith, Trinity, Incarnation, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1970.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 25, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013 Issue: 3 |
