Sağlıklı Erkeklerde Fiziksel Aktivite Türü, Düzeyi ve Vücut Kompozisyonunun Spirometrik Değerler Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, düzenli fiziksel aktivitenin farklı modalitelerinin (dayanıklılık ve direnç antrenmanı) ve vücut kompozisyonu parametrelerinin, rekreatif aktivite ile karşılaştırıldığında spirometrik akciğer fonksiyon parametreleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.

Yöntem: Otuz sağlıklı erkek katılımcı, kendi bildirdikleri egzersiz alışkanlıklarına göre üç gruba ayrılmıştır: rekreatif (n = 10), dayanıklılık (n = 10) ve direnç (n = 10). Fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (IPAQ) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Gövde kas ve yağ kütlesi dahil olmak üzere vücut kompozisyonu ve göğüs çevresi ölçülmüştür. Spirometrik ölçümler (FVC, FEV₁, FEF₂₅–₇₅, PEF, VCmax ve VCin), ERS/ATS kılavuzlarına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Dayanıklılık grubu en yüksek IPAQ skorlarına sahip olup, bunu direnç ve rekreatif gruplar takip etmiştir. Gruplar arasında gövde yağ kütlesi açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, gövde kas kütlesi direnç grubunda rekreatif gruba göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p <0.05). FVC, VCmax ve VCin değerleri hem dayanıklılık hem de direnç gruplarında rekreatif gruba göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p <0.05), ancak bu iki aktif grup arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. Buna karşılık, FEF₂₅–₇₅ ve diğer akım hızına ilişkin parametrelerde gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.

Sonuç: Hem kronik dayanıklılık hem de direnç antrenmanının, solunum kas gücünün artması ve/veya torasik kompliyansın iyileşmesi yoluyla statik akciğer hacimlerini (FVC ve VC) artırdığı düşünülmektedir. Ancak bu egzersiz türlerinin küçük hava yolu akım hızları (FEF₂₅–₇₅) üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamıştır. Bulgular, direnç antrenmanı yapan bireylerde artmış gövde kas kütlesinin, dayanıklılık antrenmanı yapan sporculara benzer şekilde akciğer hacim adaptasyonlarına katkıda bulunabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Spirometre
• Fiziksel Aktivite
• Vücut Kompozisyonu
• Direnç Egzersizi
• Dayanıklılık

Ethical Statement

Çalışma, Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (05.02.2024; TÜTF-GOBAEK 2024/40).

Effects of Physical Activity Type, Level and Body Composition on Spirometric Values in Healthy Males

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of different modalities of regular physical activity (endurance vs. resistance) and body composition metrics on spirometric lung function parameters compared with recreational activity.

Method: Thirty healthy male participants were categorised into three groups based on their self-reported exercise habits: recreational (n=10), endurance (n=10), and resistance (n=10). Physical activity levels were quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Body composition, including trunk muscle and fat mass, was assessed in addition to chest circumference. Spirometric evaluations (FVC, FEV₁, FEF₂₅₋₇₅, PEF, VCmax, and VCin) were performed according to the ERS/ATS guidelines.

Results: The endurance group exhibited the highest IPAQ scores, followed by the resistance and recreational groups. While no significant differences were found in trunk fat content across the groups, the resistance group showed significantly higher trunk muscle mass than the recreational group (p<0.05). FVC, VCmax, and VCin values were significantly higher in both the resistance and endurance groups than in the recreational group (p<0.05), with no significant difference between the two active groups. While no significant differences were detected between groups for FEF_25–75 or FEV₁/FVC, certain individual flow parameters exhibited variation in specific pairwise comparisons.

Conclusion: Both chronic endurance and resistance training appear to enhance static lung volumes (FVC and VC), likely due to improved respiratory muscle strength or thoracic compliance. However, these activities did not significantly alter small airway flow rates (FEF₂₅₋₇₅). The findings suggest that increased trunk muscle mass in resistance trainers may enhance specific lung volume capacities similar to those of endurance athletes.

Keywords

• Spirometry
• Physical Activity
• Body Composition
• Lung Function
• Resistance Training
• Endurance

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Trakya University Faculty of Medicine Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (05.02.2024-TÜTF-GOBAEK 2024/40).

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