Ultra Trail Maratonunda Operasyonel Deneyim: Parkur Temizliği, Arama ve Kurtarma Ekibine Simpoietik Bakış

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2025 yılında Türkiye’de düzenlenen “Kaçkar By UTMB” ultra-trail maratonunda görev alan “Parkur Temizleme, Arama ve Kurtarma Ekibi” (“C-SAR-T”)’nin operasyonel deneyimlerini, simpoiesis (ortak üretim) kavramı çerçevesinde incelemektir.

Yöntem: Araştırma, yorumlayıcı paradigma çerçevesinde nitel bir vaka çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Analiz insan ve insan-dışı aktörlerden oluşan heterojen bir ağ içerisinde görev koordinasyonun nasıl kurulduğunu, sürdürüldüğünü veya aksadığını otopoietik sistemler anlayışı gerçekleştirmiştir. Veriler, 11 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan asenkron, yarı yapılandırılmış yazılı görüşme protokolü kullanılarak 23 katılımcıdan (7 kadın, 16 erkek, yaş aralığı 19–37 yıl) toplanmıştır. Veriler, altı aşamalı tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda beş ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır: disiplinlerarası birlikte öğrenme; iletişimin altyapısal kırılganlığı; dağıtık aktörlerle doğaçlama; kolektif zihin, güven ve gerçek zamanlı karar alma; hazırlık eksikliği ve tanınma talebi. Bulgular, kurtarma performansının öncelikle bireysel uzmanlıktan değil; ekipler, gönüllüler, yerel sakinler ve sivil kaynaklar gibi farklı aktörler arasındaki gerçek zamanlı koordinasyondan ortaya çıktığını göstermektedir; ayrıca radyo arızaları ve dil engelleri gibi altyapısal aksaklıkların birlikte üretimin doğaçlamaya dayanmasına neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Sonuç: Ultra-trail etkinliklerindeki kurtarma operasyonları, performansın hem insan hem de insan-dışı aktörleri içeren bir “birlikte oluş” olduğu sempoietik süreçlerdir. Çalışma, tepkisel doğaçlamadan planlı güvenilirliğe geçiş sağlamak amacıyla çok aşamalı eğitimleri ve dağıtık kaynakların yüksek güvenilirlikli örgütsel çerçevelere resmî olarak entegre edilmesini önermektedir.

Keywords

• ultra-trail
• sempoiesis
• parkur tahliye
• arama ve kurtarma

Operational Experience of Ultra Trail Marathon: Sympoietic Perspective of the Course Clearance, Search and Rescue Team

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the operational experiences of the "Course Clearance, Search, and Rescue Team" “C-SAR-T” that served at the “Kaçkar By UTMB” ultra-trail marathon held in Turkey in 2025, within the framework of the concept of sympoietic (co-production). within the framework of the concept of sympoiesis (co-production)

Method: The study was designed as a qualitative case study within the interpretive paradigm. The analysis examined how task coordination is established, maintained, or disrupted within a heterogeneous network comprising human and non-human actors, drawing on the concept of autopoietic systems. Data were collected from 23 participants (7 women, 16 men, age range 19–37 years) using an asynchronous, semi-structured written interview protocol consisting of 11 open-ended questions. The data were analyzed using six-step thematic analysis method.

Results: The analysis revealed five main themes: interdisciplinary co-learning; the infrastructural fragility of communication; improvisation with distributed actors; collective mind, trust, and real-time decision-making; lack of preparedness and the demand for recognition. The findings show that rescue performance emerged not primarily from individual expertise, but from real-time coordination among different actors such as teams, volunteers, local residents, and civilian resources; they indicate that infrastructural disruptions such as radio failures and language barriers forced co-production to rely on improvisation.

Conclusion: Rescue operations in ultra-trail events are sympoietic processes where performance is a "becoming-with" involving both human and non-human actors. The study recommends multi-stage training and the formal integration of distributed resources into high-reliability organizational frameworks to move from reactive improvisation to planned reliability.

Keywords

• ultra-trail
• sympoiesis
• course clearance
• search and rescue

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