Psychological Safety, Voice, and Interpersonal Climate in Sport: Mapping the Intellectual Structure and Emerging Research Fronts—A Bibliometric Analysis
Abstract
Purpose: Existing reviews clarify psychological safety in sport, but the connections among its intellectual foundations and research topics remain insufficiently mapped. This study examined that structure, treating psychological safety as the focal construct, athlete voice as expressing concerns or suggestions, and interpersonal climate as the surrounding relational conditions.
Method: Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus were searched on 1 October 2026 using psychological-safety, voice/silence, interpersonal-climate and sport terms. Of 774 records, 251 duplicates were removed. Screening for publication type, substantive relevance and sport context excluded 418 records; a final eligibility audit excluded nine, leaving 96 articles and reviews. Performance analysis described publication growth and contributions. Keyword co-occurrence mapped topics, reference co-citation examined intellectual foundations, bibliographic coupling explored research fronts, and country networks described collaboration.
Results: Seventy-three publications (76.0%) appeared in 2024–2026, indicating rapid recent growth within the retrieved corpus. Psychological safety was the leading author keyword (n=49), followed by mental health and wellbeing (n=11 each), coach-athlete relationship (n=10), and leadership (n=8). These connections locate the field at the intersection of relational processes and athlete welfare. Organizational psychological-safety research and sport-specific leadership studies formed prominent intellectual foundations. Explicit athlete-voice keywords had limited visibility at the selected threshold; this does not establish that voice is unimportant or absent from the studies.
Conclusion: The analysis adds a structural perspective to existing evidence syntheses. Psychological safety organizes the mapped literature; athlete voice and interpersonal climate are related perspectives, not equally developed independent domains. Relational keywords provide indirect indicators of climate rather than a validated climate measure. Research fronts remain exploratory and threshold-dependent. Future work should distinguish these constructs and examine their relationships through longitudinal and multilevel research.
Keywords
- psychological safety
- athlete voice
- interpersonal climate
- coach-athlete relationship
- mental health
- bibliometric analysis
Supporting Institution
Project Number
Ethical Statement
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References
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- Cooke, M., Paradis, K. F., Sharp, L. A., Woods, D., & Sarkar, M. (2025). Psychological safety: A qualitative study on coach and athlete perceptions. International Sport Coaching Journal, 12(3), 490-502. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2023-0115
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- Fransen, K., McEwan, D., & Sarkar, M. (2020). The impact of identity leadership on team functioning and well-being in team sport: Is psychological safety the missing link? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51, 101763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101763
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Sports Activity Management, Sports and Recreation, Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Mahmut Ulukan
*
0000-0003-3623-395X
Türkiye
Publication Date
October 29, 2026
Submission Date
October 1, 2026
Acceptance Date
October 28, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 2026