Examination of Birthplace and Relative Age Effect on Basketball Players Participating in U16 Basketball European Championship

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to examine (i) birthplace effect and (ii) relative age effect on athletes of countries participating in the U16 European Championship organized by FIBA (international basketball federation) between 2012 and 2017. Method:Cross-sectional research method was used in the study. Participants consist of 2304 basketball players from 31 countries who participated in the FIBA U16 European Basketball Championship between 2012-2017. Birthplace and birth date information of the participants were obtained from the official FIBA website (archive.fiba.com). The population of the birthplaces of the participants was controlled from the official internet resources of the countries, and their population sizes were grouped as more than 5,000,000, 4.999.999 - 2.500.000, 2.499.999 – 1.000.000, 999.999 – 500.000, 499.999 – 250.000, 249.999-100.000, 99.999 -50.000 and less than 49.999. The birth dates of players were grouped as 1st quarter (January to March); 2nd quarter (April to June); 3rd quarter (July to September) and 4th quarter (November to December). Descriptive analysis was conducted for frequencies and percentiles. Chi-Square comparisons and correspondence analysis were conducted to compare groups and controlling relations. Results: According to the findings of the study, it was observed that the athletes were mostly born in small cities where the population less than 49,999 (n = 599 26.00%). When the distribution of the participants to the quarters made according to their birth months is examined, it was observed that the highest number of participants were in the first quarter (n = 907 39.4%) and this number getting decreased in the other quarters. When the distributions of countries were examined, it is observed that exception of 8 countries there is a similar distribution in all countries. The findings of the chi-square test support the relative age effect on the participants. According to the correspondence analysis conducted to examine the relationship between the birth month quarters of the athletes and the birthplace population, the athletes who born in the 1st quarter were born in provinces with a population between 500,000-999,999 and 2,500,000-4,999,999. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that the birthplace effect and the relative age effect were observed among all U16 basketball players who participated in the FIBA European Championship between 2012-2017.

Keywords

• Relative age affect
• Birthplace effect
• Basketball

U16 Basketbol Avrupa Şampiyonasına Katılan basketbolcularda Doğum Yeri ve Bağıl Yaş Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amaçları 2012-2017 yılları arasında FIBA (Uluslararası Basketbol Federasyonu) tarafından organize edilen U16 Avrupa Şampiyonasına katılan ülkelerin sporcularında (i) doğum yeri etkisini ve (ii) bağıl yaş etkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Araştırmada kesitsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar 2012-2017 yılları arasında FIBA U16 Avrupa basketbol şampiyonasına katılan 31 ülkeden toplam 2304 basketbol oyuncusundan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların doğum yeri ve tarihi bilgileri FIBA resmi internet sayfasından elde edilmiştir (archive.fiba.com). Katılımcıların doğum yerleri nüfusu ülkelerin resmi internet kaynaklarından kontrol edilerek nüfus büyüklükleri 5.000.000’dan çok. 4.999.999 - 2.500.000, 2.499.999 - 1.000.000, 999.999 - 500.000, 499.999 - 250.000, 249.999 -10000, 99.999 - 50.000 arasında ve 49.999’dan az olacak şekilde toplamda 8 kısma ayrılarak kaydedilmiştir.. Oyuncuların doğum tarihleri 1. Çeyrek (Ocak-Mart), 2. Çeyrek (Nisan-Haziran), 3. Çeyrek (Temmuz- Eylül) ve 4. Çeyrek (Ekim-Aralık) olarak şekilde gruplandırılmıştır. Doğum yeri ve Bağıl yaş etkisini incelemek için betimsel analizlerle sıklık ve yüzde hesaplamaları, karşılaştırmalar için Pearson ki kare testi ve çoklu uyum analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulgularına göre sporcuların en çok nüfusu 49.999’dan az olan yerleşim yerlerinde dünyaya geldikleri gözlenmiştir (n=599 %26.00). Katılımcıların doğum aylarına göre yapılan çeyreklere dağılımları incelendiğinde en çok sayının 1. çeyrekte olduğu (n=907 %39.4) bunun diğer çeyreklerde azalarak gittiği gözlenmiştir. Dağılım ülkeler bazında incelendiğinde 8 ülke dışında tüm ülkelerde benzer bir dağılım olduğu gözlemiştir. Dağılımlar arasında yapılan Pearson ki kare testi bulguları bağıl yaş etkisinin olduğunu desteklemektedir (p<.000). Sporcuların doğum ayı çeyrekleri ve doğum yeri nüfusu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için yapılan çoklu uyum analizi bulguları 1. Çeyrekte doğan sporcuların nüfusu 500.000-999.999 ve 2.500.000-4.999.999 arasında olan illerde dünyaya geldiklerini göstermiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmanın bulguları FIBA Avrupa şampiyonasına 2012-2017 arasında katılan tüm U16 basketbol oyuncuları arasında doğum yeri etkisinin ve bağıl yaş etkisinin gözlendiğini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• Bağıl Yaş Etkisi
• Doğum yeri etkisi
• Basketbol

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