Aralıklı açlığın ağırlık kaybı ve kardiyometabolik sağlık üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Aralıklı açlık, yeme ve açlık dönemlerinin birbirini takip etmesiyle oluşan, döngüsel devam eden beslenme şeklidir. Bireylerin çok az enerji aldığı ya da hiç almadığı 16-48 saat gibi uzun süren bir açlık dönemi ile normal yeme periyodunu kapsamaktadır. En sık uygulanan yöntemler alternatif gün açlığı, zaman kısıtlı beslenme, 5:2 diyeti ve ramazan açlığıdır. Bu diyet modellerinin obezitenin tıbbi beslenme tedavisinde sürekli enerji kısıtlamasına bir alternatif olabileceği ve ağırlık kaybında etkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Aralıklı açlık kan lipidleri, oksidatif stres ve inflamasyonda azalmaya neden olarak kardiyovasküler hastalıkların oluşum riskinin azalmasında ve bulguların düzelmesinde olumlu etkiler gösterebilmektedir. Bunun yanında aralıklı açlığın, insülin direnci ve açlık kan glukozu düzeylerinde azalmaya neden olarak diyabetin önlenmesinde de etkileri olabileceği gözlenmektedir. Olumlu etkilerinin dışında enerji, vitamin, mineral ve protein yetersizlikleri gibi riskler de oluşabilmektedir. İnsülin tedavisi alan hastaların açlık dönemlerinde hipoglisemi yaşayabilmeleri en önemli riski oluşturmaktadır. Aralıklı açlığın, hamile ve emziren kadınlarda, yeme bozukluğu olan bireylerde, adölesanlarda ve ileri yaş yetişkinlerde uygulanmasının güvenli olmadığı bildirilmiştir. Aralıklı açlığın doktor ve diyetisyen kontrolünde, bireysel farklılıklar ve medikal tedavi göz önünde bulundurularak uygulanması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede, aralıklı açlığın ağırlık kaybı ve kardiyometabolik sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

• aralıklı açlık
• ağırlık kaybı
• diyabet
• kardiyovasküler hastalıklar

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Health

Abstract

Intermittent fasting is a cyclical eating pattern that consists of consecutive eating and fasting periods. It includes a long period of fasting (16-48 hours), in which individuals receive little or no energy, and an appropriate eating period. The most commonly applied methods are alternateday fasting, time-restricted feeding, the 5:2 diet, and Ramadan fasting. It has been reported that these diet models can be an alternative to continuous energy restriction in the medical nutrition treatment of obesity and are effective in weight loss. Intermittent fasting may have positive effects by reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improving symptoms by causing reductions in blood lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, it is observed that intermittent fasting has effects on the prevention of diabetes by causing decreases in insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose levels. Despite its positive results, risks such as energy, vitamin, mineral, and protein deficiencies may occur. The most important risk is that patients receiving insulin therapy may experience hypoglycemia during fasting periods. It has been reported to be unsafe for use in pregnant and lactating women, people with eating disorders, adolescents, and older adults. Intermittent fasting should be applied on a doctor's and dietitian's hands, considering individual differences and medical treatment. In this review, studies investigating the effects of intermittent fasting on weight loss and cardiometabolic health are summarized.

Keywords

• Intermittent fasting
• weight loss
• diabetes mellitus
• cardiovascular diseases

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