Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) and female infertility

Abstract

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are molecules formed by non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins, nucleic acids, or lipids. Advanced glycation end products may be formed endogenously under normal metabolic conditions or metabolic conditions such as diabetes and hyperglycemia, or exogenously during processing of foods at high temperatures and low humidity, including roasting, grilling, and frying. The accumulation of AGEs has a significant role in the development of disorders associated with infertility. Infertility is an increasingly common health problem in recent years. Dietary habits and nutrient intake are among the many factors affecting infertility in women. Receptor AGEs (RAGE) and AGEs have been observed in theca and granulosa cells of the ovaries. High levels of AGEs affect fertility through ovarian dysfunction, follicular growth, oocyte number, fertilization rate, embryo development, adverse effects on pregnancy rate, insulin resistance, apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review aims to investigate the pathophysiology of AGEs and their receptors, as well as their possible implications for female reproductive health.

Keywords

• female infertility
• polycystic ovary syndrome
• advanced glycation end products

Diyet ileri glikasyon son ürünleri (AGE) ve kadın infertilitesi

Abstract

İleri glikasyon son ürünleri (AGE), indirgen şekerler ile proteinler, nükleik asitler veya lipitler arasındaki enzimatik olmayan reaksiyonlar sonucu oluşan moleküllerdir. İleri glikasyon son ürünleri; normal metabolik koşullar veya diyabet, hiperglisemi gibi metabolik koşullarda endojen olarak oluşabildiği gibi, ızgara, kavurma ve kızartma dahil olmak üzere besinlerin yüksek sıcaklıklarda ve düşük nemde işlenmesi sırasında ekzojen olarak da oluşabilmektedir. İleri glikasyon son ürünlerinin birikimi infertilite ile ilişkili hastalıkların patogenezinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. İnfertilite, son yıllarda giderek yaygınlaşan bir sağlık sorundur. Kadınlarda infertiliteyi etkileyen birçok etmen arasında beslenme alışkanlıkları ve besin ögesi alımları da yer almaktadır. Reseptör AGE (RAGE) ve AGE’ler yumurtalıkların teka ve granülosa hücrelerinde gözlenmiştir. Yüksek AGE düzeyi; ovaryum disfonksiyonu, foliküler büyüme, oosit sayısı, fertilizasyon oranı, embriyo gelişimi, gebelik oranının olumsuz etkilenmesi, insülin direnci, apoptoz, endotel disfonksiyon, inflamasyon ve reaktif oksijen türlerinde (ROS) artış yollarıyla fertilite üzerinde etki göstermektedir. Bu derlemede, AGE’lerin ve reseptörlerinin patogenezi ve bunların kadın üreme sağlığı üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• ileri glikasyon son ürünleri
• kadın infertilitesi
• polikistik over sendromu

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