Diabetes Mellitus ve Probiyotik, Prebiyotik, Simbiyotikler

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 54 - 63, 30.09.2023

Meryem Altın Merve Yilmaz

Abstract

Diyabet, pankreatik insülin üretiminin azalması veya tipik olarak insülin sinyaline yanıt veren dokularda azalmış insülin duyarlılığının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yüksek kan şekeri seviyeleri ile karakterize kronik metabolik hastalıktır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, azalmış glikoz toleransı ve insülin direnci yoluyla diyabet, obezite, metabolik sendromun ortaya çıkmasıyla bağlantılıdır ve metabolitleri ve bakteriyel bileşenleri, inflamasyonu, bağışıklığı ve metabolizmayı düzenleyerek diyabetin başlamasını ve ilerlemesini etkilemektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının disbiyozu, öncelikle bakteri ve mantarların, özellikle işlev bozukluğu ve çeşitli patolojilerle ilişkili olanların çeşitliliği ve miktarının azalmasıyla karakterizedir ve bu durum, inflamatuar süreç, insülin direnci ve inkretin sekresyonunun etkisiyle kardiyovasküler, nöronal, immün ve metabolik bozukluklara neden olmaktadır. Mikrobiyotanın modülasyonu için en önemli faktör beslenmedir ve son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarla prebiyotik ve probiyotikler ile mikrobiyotayı düzenlemenin mümkün olduğu gösterilmektedir. Probiyotik, prebiyotik ve simbiyotikler, diyabetik hastalarda inflamatuar süreçleri azaltmada, insülin duyarlılığını ve pankreas β-hücre fonksiyonlarını iyileştirerek kan şekeri homeostazını sağlamada görev almaktadır. Bağırsak mikrobiyomu ve diyabet arasındaki etkileşimi anlamak, diyabet için terapötiklerin geliştirilmesine yeni bir bakış açısı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Diyabet, mikrobiyota, probiyotik, prebiyotik, simbiyotik

Diabetes Mellitus and Probiotic, Prebiotic, Symbiotics

Abstract

Diabetes is a group of chronic metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that occur as a result of decreased pancreatic insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity in tissues that typically respond to insulin signaling. The gut microbiota is linked to the emergence of diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome through reduced glucose tolerance and insulin resistanc and also it’s metabolites and bacterial components affect the onset and progression of diabetes by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is characterized primarily by a decrease in the diversity and quantity of bacteria and fungi, especially those associated with dysfunction and various pathologies and with this, the inflammatory process causes cardiovascular, neuronal, immune and metabolic disorders with the effect of insulin resistance and incretin secretion. Nutrition is the most important factor for the modulation of the microbiota, and recent studies have shown that it is possible to regulate the microbiota with prebiotics and probiotics. Probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics play a role in reducing inflammatory processes in diabetic patients, improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell functions, and maintaining blood sugar homeostasis. Understanding the interaction between the gut microbiome and diabetes will provide new insight into the development of therapeutics for diabetes.

Keywords

Diabetes, microbiota, probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic

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