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Tanımı, Nedenleri ve Etkileri ile Benlik Korkusu

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 59 - 66, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Çalışılan yeni kavramlar arasında yer alan benlik korkusu kavramının açıklanması, nedenleri ve sonuçlarının ifade edilmesi bu araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Derleme olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada belirtilen amaç doğrultusunda, öncelikle benlik korkusu kavramı hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş, ardından benlik korkusunun temelinde ne olduğu ve etkileri ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmalarla tartışılmıştır. Benlik korkusunun temelinde benlik çelişkisi teorisi yer almaktadır ve buna göre gerçek benlik ve ideal benlik arasında yaşanabilecek çatışmalar bireyin olmak istediği kişiden uzaklaşmasına ve “Ya olmak istemediğim biri olursam.” düşüncesiyle korkmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar benlik korkusunun obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) belirtileri ve onunla bağlantılı düşünce-eylem karmaşası, içsel negatif atıflar ve çıkarımsal karmaşa ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca OKB dışında yeme bozuklukları ile benlik korkusu arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit eden çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır. Temelde bireyin olmak istemediği kişiye dönüşeceği düşüncesinden ortaya çıkan benlik korkusu ile yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Mevcut çalışmalar arasında OKB ve yeme bozuklukları ile bağlantılı olduğu tespit edilen benlik korkusuna dair daha fazla çalışma yapılması, kavramın görünür olmasından geçmektedir. Bu çerçevede araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Aardema, F., Wong, S.F., Audet, J.S., Melli, G. & Baraby, L.P. (2019). Reduced fear-of-self is associated with improvement in concerns related to repugnant obsessions in obsessive–compulsive disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 327–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12214
  • Aardema, F. & O’Connor, K. (2003). Seeing white bears that are not there: Inference process in obsessions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17, 23-37.
  • Aardema F. & O’Connor, K. (2007). The menace within: Obsessions and the self. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21, 182-197.
  • Aardema, F., Moulding, R., Radomsky, A. S., Doron, G., Allamby, J. & Souki, E. (2013). Fear of self and obsessionality: Development and validation of the Fear of Self Questionnaire, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2, 306-315.
  • Akın, A., Çalık, M., Özkaya, S., Yılmaz, S. & Kurubal, E. (2016). Benlik Korkusu Ölçeği (BKÖ) Türkçe Formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik. V. Sakarya’da Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi, 80-84.
  • Ambrose, M., & Deisler, V. (2014). Eating disorders: Examining anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. Enslow Publishing, LLC.
  • Aruoba, O. (2018). Benlik. Metis, İstanbul.
  • Banaji, M.R. & Prentice, D.A. (1994). The self in social contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 297-332.
  • Bhar, S. & Kyrios, M. (2007). An investigation of self-ambivalence in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(8), 1845-1857.
  • Bokor, G. & P.D. Anderson (2014). Obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 27(2), 116-130.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (1991). İnsan ve davranışı. Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Clark, D. A. (2013). Cognitive restructuring. The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 1–22.
  • Clark, D. A. & Purdon, C. (1993). New perspectives for a cognitive theory of obsessions. Australian Psychologist, 28, 161-167.
  • Çobanoğlu, Ç. (2021). The relationship between fear of self and rocd symptoms: The moderating role of attachment dimensions (Yüksek lisans tezi). Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi İstanbul.
  • Devrim-Ader, G. (2019). Boyutsal obsesif kompulsif bozukluk belirtileri ve benlik korkusu: yetişkin bir örneklemde ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İzmir.
  • Doron, (2020). Self-vulnerabilities, attachment and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms: Examining the moderating role of attachment security on fear of self. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 100575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100575
  • Doron, G. (2020). Self-vulnerabilities, attachment and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms: Examining the moderating role of attachment security on fear of self. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100575
  • Doron, G., Kyrios, M. & Moulding, R. (2007). Sensetive domains of self-concept in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Further evidence for a multidimensional model of OCD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 433-444.
  • Evliyaoğlu, E.S. (2019). Rıza dışı öpüşme senaryolarında nötralizasyon türünün zihinsel kirlenme ve okb semptomlarına etkisinin cinsiyetler arası incelenmesi: üniversite örnekleminde bir çalışma (Yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Ankara.
  • Freeston M. H. & LaDouchcur R. (1997). What do patients do with their obsessional thoughts? Behavioral Research Therapy, 35, 335-48.
  • Gitimu, P. N., Jameson, M. M., Turel, T., Pohle-Krauza, R., Mincher, J., Rowlands, Z., & Elias, J. (2016). Appearance issues, depression, and disordered eating among college females. Cogent Psychology, 3(1), 1196512. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2016.1196512
  • Jaeger, T. Moulding, R. Anglim, J., Aardema, F. & Nedeljkovic, M. (2015). The Role of Fear of Self and Responsibility in Obsessional Doubt Processes: A Bayesian Hierarchical Model. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 34(10), https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2015.34.10.839
  • Kierkegaard, S. (2021). Ölümcül hastalık umutsuzluk, (M. Mukadder Yakupoğlu). Doğu-Batı, Ankara.
  • Levinas, E. (2002). Sonsuza tanıklık, (Medar Atıcı- Melih Bazanan et al.). Metis, İstanbul.
  • Mattingly, B.A., & Lewandowski, G. W., Jr. (2013). The power of one: Benefits of individual self-expansion. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 12–22.
  • Mattingly, B.A., & Lewandowski, G. W., Jr. (2014). Broadening horizons: Self-expansion in relational and non-relational contexts. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(1), 30-40.
  • Mattingly, B.A., Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., & McIntyre, K. P. (2014). ‘You make me a better/worse person’: A two-dimensional model of relationship self-change. Personal Relationships, 21, 176-190.
  • Melli, G., Aardema, F. & Moulding, R. (2015). Fear of Self and Unacceptable Thoughts in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Clinical Psychology ve Psychotherapy, 23(3), 226–235.
  • Nabil, B., et al. (2016). Cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(9).
  • Nikodijevic, A., Moulding, R., Anglim, J., Aardema, F., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2015). Fear of self, doubt and obsessive compulsive symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 49, 164–172.
  • O'Connor, K. P., Aardema, F. & Pellisier, M. (2005). Beyond reasonable doubt: Reasoning processes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and related disorders. West Sussex: Wiley.
  • Oyserman, D., & Markus, H. R. (1990). Possible selves and delinquency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(1), 112.
  • Pittenger, C. & Bloch, M.H. (2014). Pharmacological treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics, 37(3), 375-391.
  • Purdon, C. & Clark, D. A. (1999). Metacognition and obsessions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 102-110.
  • Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 793-802.
  • Richter, P.M. & Ramos, R.T. (2018). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 24(3), 828-844.
  • Rowa, K., Purdon, C., Summerfeldt, L. J. & Antony M. M. (2005). Why are some obsessions are more upsetting than others? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1453-1465.
  • James, W. (1963). The varieties of religious experience. University Boks, New York.
  • Wilson, S., Aardema, F. & O’Connor, K. (2017). Doubt and fear of self in bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50, 1437-1441. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22789

Fear of Self with Definition, Causes and Effects

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 59 - 66, 31.12.2023

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to explain the concept of fear of self, which is among the new concepts studied, and to express its causes and consequences. In line with the stated purpose of this study, which was prepared as a compilation, first of all, general information about the concept of fear of self was given, then what was the basis of fear of self and its effects were discussed with national and international studies. Self-contradiction theory is at the root of fear of self, and according to this, the conflicts that may occur between the real self and the ideal self cause the individual to move away from the person they want to be and "What if I become someone I don't want to be." It can cause fear at the thought of it. Studies have revealed that fear of self is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and associated thought-action confusion, internal negative attributions, and inferential confusion. There are also studies that detect the relationship between eating disorders and fear of self apart from OCD. It is seen that there are a limited number of studies on the fear of self, which basically arises from the thought that the individual will turn into the person he does not want to be. More studies on fear of self, which has been found to be associated with OCD and eating disorders among existing studies, require the concept to become visible. In this context, suggestions were made to the researchers.

References

  • Aardema, F., Wong, S.F., Audet, J.S., Melli, G. & Baraby, L.P. (2019). Reduced fear-of-self is associated with improvement in concerns related to repugnant obsessions in obsessive–compulsive disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 327–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12214
  • Aardema, F. & O’Connor, K. (2003). Seeing white bears that are not there: Inference process in obsessions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17, 23-37.
  • Aardema F. & O’Connor, K. (2007). The menace within: Obsessions and the self. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21, 182-197.
  • Aardema, F., Moulding, R., Radomsky, A. S., Doron, G., Allamby, J. & Souki, E. (2013). Fear of self and obsessionality: Development and validation of the Fear of Self Questionnaire, Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2, 306-315.
  • Akın, A., Çalık, M., Özkaya, S., Yılmaz, S. & Kurubal, E. (2016). Benlik Korkusu Ölçeği (BKÖ) Türkçe Formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik. V. Sakarya’da Eğitim Araştırmaları Kongresi, 80-84.
  • Ambrose, M., & Deisler, V. (2014). Eating disorders: Examining anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. Enslow Publishing, LLC.
  • Aruoba, O. (2018). Benlik. Metis, İstanbul.
  • Banaji, M.R. & Prentice, D.A. (1994). The self in social contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 297-332.
  • Bhar, S. & Kyrios, M. (2007). An investigation of self-ambivalence in obsessivecompulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(8), 1845-1857.
  • Bokor, G. & P.D. Anderson (2014). Obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 27(2), 116-130.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (1991). İnsan ve davranışı. Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Clark, D. A. (2013). Cognitive restructuring. The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 1–22.
  • Clark, D. A. & Purdon, C. (1993). New perspectives for a cognitive theory of obsessions. Australian Psychologist, 28, 161-167.
  • Çobanoğlu, Ç. (2021). The relationship between fear of self and rocd symptoms: The moderating role of attachment dimensions (Yüksek lisans tezi). Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi İstanbul.
  • Devrim-Ader, G. (2019). Boyutsal obsesif kompulsif bozukluk belirtileri ve benlik korkusu: yetişkin bir örneklemde ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İzmir.
  • Doron, (2020). Self-vulnerabilities, attachment and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms: Examining the moderating role of attachment security on fear of self. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 100575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100575
  • Doron, G. (2020). Self-vulnerabilities, attachment and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms: Examining the moderating role of attachment security on fear of self. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100575
  • Doron, G., Kyrios, M. & Moulding, R. (2007). Sensetive domains of self-concept in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Further evidence for a multidimensional model of OCD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 433-444.
  • Evliyaoğlu, E.S. (2019). Rıza dışı öpüşme senaryolarında nötralizasyon türünün zihinsel kirlenme ve okb semptomlarına etkisinin cinsiyetler arası incelenmesi: üniversite örnekleminde bir çalışma (Yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Ankara.
  • Freeston M. H. & LaDouchcur R. (1997). What do patients do with their obsessional thoughts? Behavioral Research Therapy, 35, 335-48.
  • Gitimu, P. N., Jameson, M. M., Turel, T., Pohle-Krauza, R., Mincher, J., Rowlands, Z., & Elias, J. (2016). Appearance issues, depression, and disordered eating among college females. Cogent Psychology, 3(1), 1196512. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2016.1196512
  • Jaeger, T. Moulding, R. Anglim, J., Aardema, F. & Nedeljkovic, M. (2015). The Role of Fear of Self and Responsibility in Obsessional Doubt Processes: A Bayesian Hierarchical Model. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 34(10), https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2015.34.10.839
  • Kierkegaard, S. (2021). Ölümcül hastalık umutsuzluk, (M. Mukadder Yakupoğlu). Doğu-Batı, Ankara.
  • Levinas, E. (2002). Sonsuza tanıklık, (Medar Atıcı- Melih Bazanan et al.). Metis, İstanbul.
  • Mattingly, B.A., & Lewandowski, G. W., Jr. (2013). The power of one: Benefits of individual self-expansion. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 12–22.
  • Mattingly, B.A., & Lewandowski, G. W., Jr. (2014). Broadening horizons: Self-expansion in relational and non-relational contexts. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(1), 30-40.
  • Mattingly, B.A., Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., & McIntyre, K. P. (2014). ‘You make me a better/worse person’: A two-dimensional model of relationship self-change. Personal Relationships, 21, 176-190.
  • Melli, G., Aardema, F. & Moulding, R. (2015). Fear of Self and Unacceptable Thoughts in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Clinical Psychology ve Psychotherapy, 23(3), 226–235.
  • Nabil, B., et al. (2016). Cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(9).
  • Nikodijevic, A., Moulding, R., Anglim, J., Aardema, F., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2015). Fear of self, doubt and obsessive compulsive symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 49, 164–172.
  • O'Connor, K. P., Aardema, F. & Pellisier, M. (2005). Beyond reasonable doubt: Reasoning processes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and related disorders. West Sussex: Wiley.
  • Oyserman, D., & Markus, H. R. (1990). Possible selves and delinquency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(1), 112.
  • Pittenger, C. & Bloch, M.H. (2014). Pharmacological treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics, 37(3), 375-391.
  • Purdon, C. & Clark, D. A. (1999). Metacognition and obsessions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 102-110.
  • Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 793-802.
  • Richter, P.M. & Ramos, R.T. (2018). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 24(3), 828-844.
  • Rowa, K., Purdon, C., Summerfeldt, L. J. & Antony M. M. (2005). Why are some obsessions are more upsetting than others? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1453-1465.
  • James, W. (1963). The varieties of religious experience. University Boks, New York.
  • Wilson, S., Aardema, F. & O’Connor, K. (2017). Doubt and fear of self in bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50, 1437-1441. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22789
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Sümeyye Yücel 0000-0002-4100-5348

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date November 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yücel, S. (2023). Fear of Self with Definition, Causes and Effects. Current Research and Reviews in Psychology and Psychiatry, 3(2), 59-66.