Araştırma Makalesi
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The Global Plastics Negotiations: Developments and Stance of Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Akıllı Şehirler, 252 - 260, 01.12.2025

Öz

Plastic pollution has become a serious threat with environmental, economic and social dimensions on a global scale. The negotiations on the Global Plastics Agreement, initiated by the United Nations Environment Assembly Resolution 5/14, represent an effort to develop an internationally binding comprehensive solution to this threat. This article examines Türkiye's position in the negotiation process, national plastic waste policies and legislative arrangements within the framework of international developments. By analyzing official documents, Türkiye's environmental policies and its approach in the negotiations are evaluated.
The article aims to make an introductory contribution to the literature on the development of global plastics negotiations and Türkiye's position. This study shows that the global plastics negotiations presents a critical opportunity for Türkiye not only in terms of environmental policies but also in the context of international environmental diplomacy and sustainable development goals.

Kaynakça

  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). Combating marine plastic litter and microplastics: An assessment of the effectiveness of relevant international, regional and subregional governance strategies and approaches (UNEP/EA.3/INF/5). https://wedocs.unep.org/ bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34632/UNEP%20AHEG%204%207. Pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). World overwhelmingly commits to protecting the oceans and Clean Seas. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/ world-overwhelmingly-commits-protecting-oceans-and-clean-seas
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). World Environment Day 2018. https://www. unep.org/events/unep-event/world-environment-day-2018
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). Marine litter and microplastics : resolution / adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/3976928?v=pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2019, Mart 15). UN Environment Assembly 4 (UNEA 4) Resolutions. https://www.unep.org/resources/resolutions-treaties-and-decisions/UN-Environment- Assembly-4
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020, Kasım 13). Chair´S Summary For The Ad Hoc Open-Ended Expert Group On Marine Litter And Microplastics. https://apps1.unep. org/resolutions/uploads/chair_summary_final.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020). Chair’s summary for the ad hoc open-ended expert group on marine litter and microplastics. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/ handle/20.500.11822/34632/UNEP%20AHEG%204%207. pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020). Submissions on potential options: AHEG-4 Virtual Preparatory Meeting. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/33812/ AHEG%20Virtual%20Prepara tory%20Meeting%20Agenda%20item%204_Provisional%20 AHEG%202020%204%20INF% 2010%20Submissions%20on%20potential%20options.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020). Report on the work of the ad hoc open-ended expert group on marine litter and microplastics at its fourth meeting. https://wedocs. unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34632/UNEP%20AHEG%204%207.pdf?sequence= 4&isAllowed=y
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2021). From pollution to solution: A global assessment of marine litter and plastic pollution (DEP/2379/NA).
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2021). UNEA 5.1 decisions. https://www.unep.org/ resources/resolutions-treaties-and-decisions/UN-Environment- Assembly-5-1
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Mart 2). Historic day in the campaign to beat plastic pollution: Nations commit to develop a legally binding agreement. https://www. unep.org/news- and-stories/press-release/historic-day-campaign-beat-plastic-pollution- nations-commit- develop
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Mart 2). What you need to know about the plastic pollution resolution. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/what-youneed- know- about-plastic-pollution-resolution
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Haziran 1). Draft report of the ad hoc open-ended working group to prepare for the work of the intergovernmental negotiating committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plasticpollution, including in the marine environment. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/ handle/20.500.11822/40090/OEWG_PP_1_L1_DRAFT%20REPORT%201%20june.pdf?- sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Haziran 1). Beat Pollution. https://www.unep. org/beatpollution/node/2511
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022). End plastic pollution: towards an international legally binding instrument : resolution / adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3999257?v=pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2023). Report of the second session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to develop an international legally binding
  • instrument on plastic pollution (INC-2). https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/ 20.500.11822/42953/FinalINC2Report.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2023, Aralık 1). Report of the intergovernmental negotiating committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, on the work of its third session. https:// wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/44760/INC3ReportE.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). The New Plastics Economy Global Commitment. https://www.unep.org/new-plastics-economy-global-commitment
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). Tide Turners Plastic Challenge. https://www. unep.org/explore-topics/education-environment/what-we-do/tide-turners-plastic-challenge
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution. https://www.unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). In-session Documents Platform. https://www. unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution/session-5/statements#Members
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı Governance Affairs Office. (2021). Draft resolution on an internationally legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. https://wedocs.unep. org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/37808/UNEA5.2%20Global_Agreem ent_Explanatory% 20note%20and%20Resolution%2010%20January.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı Governance Affairs Office. (2021). Draft resolution on marine plastic pollution (Japan). https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/ 20.500.11822/37625/Draft%20Resolution%20on%2 0an%20international%20legally%20 binding%20instrument%20on%20marine%20plastic%20 pollution_Japan.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Turizm Organizasyonu. (2025). Global Tourism Plastics Initiative. https:// www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/global-tourism-plastics-initiative
  • Center for International Environmental Law. (2019, Mart). Progress on plastics: Update issue 10—UNEA-4. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Progress-on-Plastics- Update- Issue-10-UNEA4-Mar-2019-1.pdf
  • Center for International Environmental Law. (n.d.). Toward a new instrument addressing the full life cycle of plastics: Overview of the typology of international legal instruments. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mart 2025, https://www.ciel.org
  • Earth Negotiations Bulletin. (2022, Aralık 5). Summary of the first meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-1). International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiatingcommittee- inc1-summary
  • Earth Negotiations Bulletin. (2023, Haziran 5). Summary of the second meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-2). International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiatingcommittee- inc2-summary
  • Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2023, Ekim 31). The Global Commitment: a common vision for a circular economy for plastics. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/ global-commitment/overview
  • European Environment Agency. (n.d.). Plastik atık kriziyle mücadelede, önleme çok önemlidir. https://www.eea.europa.eu/tr/articles/plastik-atik-kriziyle-mucadelede-onleme
  • Greenpeace. (n.d.). Global plastics treaty now!. https://www.greenpeace.org/international/ act/lets-end-the-age-of-plastic/
  • Greenpeace. (2024, Mart). Greenpeace demands for a strong global plastics treaty. https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2024/03/7e1aa8e5- greenpeace-demands-for-a-strong-global-plastics-treaty-march-2024.pdf
  • IISD SDG Knowledge Hub. (n.d.). UNEA-3 adopts 13 resolutions and a ministerial declaration. https://sdg.iisd.org/news/unea-3-adopts-13-resolutions-and-a-ministerial- declaration/
  • KPMG & SKD Türkiye. (2022). Türkiye’de beş sektörde döngüsellik potansiyeli ön araştırma raporu. https://www.skdturkiye.org/yayin/turkiye-de-5-sektorde-dongusellik-potansiyelinin- on-arastirma-raporu
  • Ministerial Conference on Marine Litter. (2024). Ministerial Conference on Plastic Pollution including Marine Litter. https://ministerialconferenceonmarinelitter.com/
  • One Planet Summit. (2022, Şubat 11). One Ocean Summit Read the Brest commitments for the Ocean. https://oneplanetsummit.fr/en/events-16/one-ocean-summit-221
  • PAGEV. (2024). Türkiye Plastik Sektörü İzleme Raporu 2024. https://pagev.org/turkiyeplastik- sektor-izleme-raporu-2024

Küresel Plastik Müzakereleri: Süreç ve Türkiye’nin Tutumu

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Akıllı Şehirler, 252 - 260, 01.12.2025

Öz

Plastik kirliliği, küresel ölçekte çevresel, ekonomik ve toplumsal boyutları olan ciddi bir tehdit haline gelmiştir. Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Asamblesi’nin 5/14 sayılı kararı ile başlatılan Küresel Plastik Anlaşması müzakereleri, bu tehdide karşı uluslararası bağlayıcılığı olan kapsamlı bir çözüm geliştirme çabasını temsil etmektedir. Bu makale, Türkiye’nin müzakere sürecindeki tutumunu, ulusal plastik atık politikalarını ve mevzuat düzenlemelerini uluslararası gelişmeler çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Çalışmada resmî belgeler incelenerek, Türkiye'nin çevre politikaları ve müzakerelerde izlediği yaklaşım değerlendirilmiştir.
Makalenin, literatüre küresel plastik müzakerelerinin gelişimi ve Türkiye’nin tutumu konularında giriş düzeyinde katkıda bulunması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Küresel Plastik Anlaşması'nın Türkiye için sadece çevre politikaları açısından değil, aynı zamanda uluslararası çevre diplomasisi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri bağlamında da kritik bir fırsat sunduğunu göstermektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı

Kaynakça

  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). Combating marine plastic litter and microplastics: An assessment of the effectiveness of relevant international, regional and subregional governance strategies and approaches (UNEP/EA.3/INF/5). https://wedocs.unep.org/ bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34632/UNEP%20AHEG%204%207. Pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). World overwhelmingly commits to protecting the oceans and Clean Seas. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/ world-overwhelmingly-commits-protecting-oceans-and-clean-seas
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). World Environment Day 2018. https://www. unep.org/events/unep-event/world-environment-day-2018
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2018). Marine litter and microplastics : resolution / adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/3976928?v=pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2019, Mart 15). UN Environment Assembly 4 (UNEA 4) Resolutions. https://www.unep.org/resources/resolutions-treaties-and-decisions/UN-Environment- Assembly-4
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020, Kasım 13). Chair´S Summary For The Ad Hoc Open-Ended Expert Group On Marine Litter And Microplastics. https://apps1.unep. org/resolutions/uploads/chair_summary_final.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020). Chair’s summary for the ad hoc open-ended expert group on marine litter and microplastics. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/ handle/20.500.11822/34632/UNEP%20AHEG%204%207. pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020). Submissions on potential options: AHEG-4 Virtual Preparatory Meeting. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/33812/ AHEG%20Virtual%20Prepara tory%20Meeting%20Agenda%20item%204_Provisional%20 AHEG%202020%204%20INF% 2010%20Submissions%20on%20potential%20options.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2020). Report on the work of the ad hoc open-ended expert group on marine litter and microplastics at its fourth meeting. https://wedocs. unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34632/UNEP%20AHEG%204%207.pdf?sequence= 4&isAllowed=y
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2021). From pollution to solution: A global assessment of marine litter and plastic pollution (DEP/2379/NA).
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2021). UNEA 5.1 decisions. https://www.unep.org/ resources/resolutions-treaties-and-decisions/UN-Environment- Assembly-5-1
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Mart 2). Historic day in the campaign to beat plastic pollution: Nations commit to develop a legally binding agreement. https://www. unep.org/news- and-stories/press-release/historic-day-campaign-beat-plastic-pollution- nations-commit- develop
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Mart 2). What you need to know about the plastic pollution resolution. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/what-youneed- know- about-plastic-pollution-resolution
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Haziran 1). Draft report of the ad hoc open-ended working group to prepare for the work of the intergovernmental negotiating committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plasticpollution, including in the marine environment. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/ handle/20.500.11822/40090/OEWG_PP_1_L1_DRAFT%20REPORT%201%20june.pdf?- sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022, Haziran 1). Beat Pollution. https://www.unep. org/beatpollution/node/2511
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2022). End plastic pollution: towards an international legally binding instrument : resolution / adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3999257?v=pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2023). Report of the second session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to develop an international legally binding
  • instrument on plastic pollution (INC-2). https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/ 20.500.11822/42953/FinalINC2Report.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2023, Aralık 1). Report of the intergovernmental negotiating committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, on the work of its third session. https:// wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/44760/INC3ReportE.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). The New Plastics Economy Global Commitment. https://www.unep.org/new-plastics-economy-global-commitment
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). Tide Turners Plastic Challenge. https://www. unep.org/explore-topics/education-environment/what-we-do/tide-turners-plastic-challenge
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution. https://www.unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı. (2025). In-session Documents Platform. https://www. unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution/session-5/statements#Members
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı Governance Affairs Office. (2021). Draft resolution on an internationally legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. https://wedocs.unep. org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/37808/UNEA5.2%20Global_Agreem ent_Explanatory% 20note%20and%20Resolution%2010%20January.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı Governance Affairs Office. (2021). Draft resolution on marine plastic pollution (Japan). https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/ 20.500.11822/37625/Draft%20Resolution%20on%2 0an%20international%20legally%20 binding%20instrument%20on%20marine%20plastic%20 pollution_Japan.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Turizm Organizasyonu. (2025). Global Tourism Plastics Initiative. https:// www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/global-tourism-plastics-initiative
  • Center for International Environmental Law. (2019, Mart). Progress on plastics: Update issue 10—UNEA-4. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Progress-on-Plastics- Update- Issue-10-UNEA4-Mar-2019-1.pdf
  • Center for International Environmental Law. (n.d.). Toward a new instrument addressing the full life cycle of plastics: Overview of the typology of international legal instruments. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mart 2025, https://www.ciel.org
  • Earth Negotiations Bulletin. (2022, Aralık 5). Summary of the first meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-1). International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiatingcommittee- inc1-summary
  • Earth Negotiations Bulletin. (2023, Haziran 5). Summary of the second meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-2). International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiatingcommittee- inc2-summary
  • Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2023, Ekim 31). The Global Commitment: a common vision for a circular economy for plastics. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/ global-commitment/overview
  • European Environment Agency. (n.d.). Plastik atık kriziyle mücadelede, önleme çok önemlidir. https://www.eea.europa.eu/tr/articles/plastik-atik-kriziyle-mucadelede-onleme
  • Greenpeace. (n.d.). Global plastics treaty now!. https://www.greenpeace.org/international/ act/lets-end-the-age-of-plastic/
  • Greenpeace. (2024, Mart). Greenpeace demands for a strong global plastics treaty. https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2024/03/7e1aa8e5- greenpeace-demands-for-a-strong-global-plastics-treaty-march-2024.pdf
  • IISD SDG Knowledge Hub. (n.d.). UNEA-3 adopts 13 resolutions and a ministerial declaration. https://sdg.iisd.org/news/unea-3-adopts-13-resolutions-and-a-ministerial- declaration/
  • KPMG & SKD Türkiye. (2022). Türkiye’de beş sektörde döngüsellik potansiyeli ön araştırma raporu. https://www.skdturkiye.org/yayin/turkiye-de-5-sektorde-dongusellik-potansiyelinin- on-arastirma-raporu
  • Ministerial Conference on Marine Litter. (2024). Ministerial Conference on Plastic Pollution including Marine Litter. https://ministerialconferenceonmarinelitter.com/
  • One Planet Summit. (2022, Şubat 11). One Ocean Summit Read the Brest commitments for the Ocean. https://oneplanetsummit.fr/en/events-16/one-ocean-summit-221
  • PAGEV. (2024). Türkiye Plastik Sektörü İzleme Raporu 2024. https://pagev.org/turkiyeplastik- sektor-izleme-raporu-2024
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Yönetimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tuğba Beytullahoğlu 0009-0005-1533-9765

Pınar Saral Başkurt 0009-0005-9104-5646

Nazlı Yenal 0009-0004-0978-7759

Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 7 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: Akıllı Şehirler

Kaynak Göster

APA Beytullahoğlu, T., Saral Başkurt, P., & Yenal, N. (2025). Küresel Plastik Müzakereleri: Süreç ve Türkiye’nin Tutumu. Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi(Akıllı Şehirler), 252-260.