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KENTSEL SOĞUK ALAN SOĞUTMA KAPASİTESİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI, İZMİR ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 106 - 126, 20.02.2022

Abstract

Bitki örtüsünün azaltılması ile kent merkezlerinde artan yoğun geçirimsiz yüzeyler gün boyu güneş ışınlarının emilmesine neden olmaktadır. Gün boyu emilen ısı özellikle gece saatlerinde kentlerde hava sıcaklığını arttırmakta ve buna bağlı olarak kırsal alanlara göre daha yüksek sıcaklıklar gözlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu olay, kentsel ısı adası olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu olayın kentsel yaşam konforunu doğrudan etkilemesi kentsel ısı adası etkisinin azaltımı konusunu mekânsal planlamanın önemli sorunlarından biri haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kentsel alanlarda görece daha soğuk alanların mekânsal desenini ve soğutma kapasitesini etkileyen faktörleri araştırmaktır. Çalışmada sıcaklık, arazi yüzey sıcaklığı ile ölçülmüştür. Kentsel soğuk alan sınırının belirlenmesinde arazi yüzey sıcaklıklarının mekânsal kümelenmesini ölçen mekânsal otokorelasyon yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Soğutma kapasitesi ile bitkilendirme, arazi örtüsü ve kentsel soğuk alan karakter özellikleri arasındaki ilişki kentsel soğuk alan poligonları içinde sıralama korelasyon istatiksel yönteminden yararlanılarak ölçülmüş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar; 1) kentsel soğuk alan büyüklüğünün önemli bir değişken olduğunu, 2) yeşil varlığı ile birlikte yeşilin mekânsal düzeninin de önemli olduğunu ve 3) kentlerde geçirimsiz yüzeylerin azaltılması gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Göreceli bir soğukluk tarif eden kentsel soğuk alanlarda ortalama arazi yüzey sıcaklığı 32 oC olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu durum kentsel ısı adası etkisinin İzmir kentsel alanında halk sağlığı açısından önemli bir tehlike oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma sonuçları mekânsal planlama pratiği için iklim değişikliği ile mücadele kapsamında geliştirilecek karar ve stratejilere ışık tutma konusunda katkı sunmuştur.

References

  • Adeyeria, O. E., Akinsanolab, A. A. ve Isholac, K. A. (2017) Investigating surface urban heat island characteristics over Abuja, Nigeria: Relationship between land surface temperature and multiple vegetation Indices. Remote Sensing Applications: Society ve Environment, 7:, 2017:, 57-68.
  • Amiri, R., Weng, Q., Alimohammadi, A. ve Alavipanah, S. K. (2009). Spatial-temporal dynamics of land surface temperature in relation to fractional vegetation cover and land use/cover in the Tabriz urban area, Iran. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113:, 2009:, 2606-2617.
  • Anselin, L., Syabri, I. ve Kho, Y. (Ed). (2010) GeoDa: an introduction to spatial data analysis. Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis: Software Tools, Methods and Applications. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L., Knight, T. M. ve Pullin, A. S. (2010). Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning, 97:, 2010:, 147-155.
  • Cao, X., Onishi, A., Chen, J. ve Imura, H. (2010). Quantifying the cool island intensity of urban parks using ASTER and IKONOS data. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96:, 2010:, 224-231.
  • Carlson, T. ve Arthur, S. T. (2000). The impact of land use - Land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: A satellite perspective. Global and Planetary Change, 25(1):, 2000:, 49-65. DOI:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00021-7
  • Chen, L., Li, M., Huang, F. ve Xu, S. (2013). Relationships of LST to NDBI and NDVI in Wuhan City based on Landsat ETM+. 6th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP) 16-18 Dec., 2013. DOI: 10.1109/CISP.2013.6745282
  • Cheng, X., Wei, B., Chen, G., Li, J. ve Song, C. (2015). Influence of Park Size and Its Surrounding Urban Landscape Patterns on the Park Cooling Effect. J. Urban Plann. Dev., 141(3):, 2015:, A4014002.
  • Çubukçu, K. M. (2015). Planlamada ve Coğrafyada Temel İstatistik ve Mekânsal İstatistik (1). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Dai, X., Guo, Z. ve Zhang, L. (2010). Spatio-temporal exploratory analysis of urban surface temperature field in Shanghai, China. Stoch Environment Res Risk Assess, 24:,2010:, 247-257.
  • Du, H., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Qin, F., Jiang, H. ve Cai,Y. (2016). Influences of land cover types, meteorological conditions, anthropogenic heat and urban area on surface urban heat island in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Sci. Total Environ., 571:, 2016:, 461-470.
  • El-Hattab, M., Amany, S.M. ve Lamia, G. E. (2017). Monitoring and assessment of urban heat islands over the Southern region of Cairo Governorate, Egypt”. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, 21:, 2018:, 311-323.
  • Guo, G., Wu, Z., Xiao, R., Chen, Y., Liu, X. ve Zhang, X. (2015). Impacts of urban biophysical composition on land surface temperature in urban heat island clusters. Landscape and Urban Planning, 135:,2015:, 1-10.
  • Hung, T., Uchihama, Ochi, S. ve Yasuoka, Y. (2006). Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,8 (1):, 2006:, 34-48.
  • İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi, (2019). 2015-2019 Stratejik Planı, İzmir.
  • Kong, F., Yin, H., Wang, C., Cavan, G. ve James, P. (2014). A satellite image-based analysis of factors contributing to the green-space cool island intensity on a city scale. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 13:, 2014:, 846-853.
  • Kuşçu Şimşek, Ç. ve Şengezer, B. (2012). İstanbul Metropoliten Alanında Kentsel Isınmanın Azaltılmasında Yeşil Alanların Önemi. Megaron, 7(2):, 2012:, 116-128.
  • Leconte, P., Bouyer, J. Claverie., R. ve Petrissans, M. (2015). Using Local Climate Zone scheme for UHI assessment: Evaluation of the method using mobile measurements. Building and Environment, 83:, 2015:, 39-49.
  • Li, W., Cao, Q., Lang, K. ve Wu, J. (2017). Linking potential heat source and sink to urban heat island: Heterogeneous effects of landscape pattern on land surface temperature. Science of the Total Environment, 586:, 2017:, 457-465.
  • Lin, W., Yuc,T., Changa,X., Wua, W. ve Zhanga, Y. (2015) Calculating cooling extents of green parks using remote sensing: Method and test., Landscape and Urban Planning, 134:, 2015:, 66-75.
  • Liu,L., Lin, Y., Wang, L., Cao, J., Wang, D.,Xue, P. ve Liu, J. (2017). An integrated local climatic evaluation system for green sustainable eco-city construction: A case study in Shenzhen, China. Building and Environment, 114:, 2017:, 82-95.
  • Mackey, C. W., Lee, X. ve Smith, R. B. (2012). Remotely sensing the cooling effects of city scale efforts to reduce urban heat island. Building and Environment, 49:, 2012:, 348-358.
  • Maimaitiyiming, M.; Ghulam, A.; Tiyip, T.; Pla, F.; Carmona, P.; Halik. Ü.; Sawut, M. Ve Caetano, M. (2014). Effects of green Space Spatial Pattern On Land Surface Temperature: Implications for sustaniable Urban Planning and Climate Change Adaptation. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 89:, 2013:, 59-66.
  • Malik, M. S., Shukla, J. P. ve Mishra, S. (2019). Relationship of LST, NDBI and NDVI using Landsat-8 data in Kandaihimmat Watershed, Hoshangabad, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marina Science. 48(1):, 2019:, 25-31.
  • Marando, F., Salvatori, E., Sebastiani, Fusaro, L. ve Manes, F. (2019). Regulating Ecosystem Services and Green Infrastructure: assessment of Urban Heat Island effect mitigation in the municipality of Rome, Italy Ecological Modelling, 392:, 2019:, 92-102.
  • Mediterrian Experts on Climate ve Environmental Change (2019). Risks Assocıated to Climate and Environmental Changes In The Mediterranean Region. Erişim adresi: https://www.medecc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/MedECC-Booklet_EN_WEB.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 27.04.2021
  • Meng, Q., Zhang, L., Sun,Z., Meng, F., Wang, L. ve Sun, Y. (2018). Characterizing spatial and temporal trends of surface urban heat island effect in an urban main builtup area: A 12-year case study in Beijing, China. Remote Sensing of Environment, 204:, 2018:, 826-837.
  • Mirzaei, P. A. ve Haghighat, F. ( 2010). Approaches to study Urban Heat Island – Abilities and limitations. Building and Environment, 45(10):, 2010:, 192-2201.
  • Monteiro, M. V., Doick, K. J., Handley, P. ve Peace, A. (2016). The impact of greenspace size on the extent of local nocturnal airtemperature cooling in London. Urban Forestry ve Urban Greening, 16:, 2016:, 160-169.
  • NASA (2000). Erişim adresi: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/MeasuringVegetation . Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2020
  • Nemani, R., ve Running, S. (1989). Estimation of regional surface resistance toevapotranspiration from NDVI and thermal-IR AVHRR data. Journal of AppliedMeteorology, 28(4):1989:, 276-284.
  • Ng, E., Chen, L., Wang, Y. ve Yuan,C. (2012) “A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: An experience from Hong Kong”. Building and Environment, 47:,2012:, 256-271.
  • Oliveira, S., Andrade, H. ve Vaz, T. (2011). The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. Building and Environment, 46:, 2011:, 2186-2194.
  • Pan, J. (2016). Area Delineation and Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Heat Island in Lanzhou City, China Using Remote Sensing Imagery. J Indian Soc Remote Sensing, 44(1):, 2016:, 111-127.
  • Peng, J., Xie, P., Liu, Y.X. ve Ma, J. (2016). Urban thermal environment dynamics and associated landscape pattern factors: A case study in the Beijing metropolitan region. Remote Sens. Environ., 173:, 2016:, 145-155.
  • Qin Z., Zhang M., Amon K. ve Pedro B., (2001). Monowindow algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM 6 data. Acta Geogr. Sin., 56:, 2001:, 456-466.
  • Ren, Z., He, X., Zheng, H., Zhang, D., Yu, X., Shen, G. ve Guo, R. (2013). Estimation of the Relationship between Urban Park Characteristics and Park Cool Island Intensity by Remote Sensing Data and Field Measurement. Forests. 4:, 2013:, 868-886.
  • Shashau-Bar, L.ve Hoffman, M.E. (2010). Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street : An empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas wth trees. Energy an Buildings, 31:, 2010:, 221-235.
  • Tiangco, M., Lagmay, A. M. ve Argete, J. (2008) ASTER-based study of the nighttime urban heat island effect in Metro Manila. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(10): 2008:, 2799-2818. DOI:10.1080/01431160701408360
  • TÜİK, (2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Nufus-veDemografi-109. Erişim tarihi: 29.01.2022Voogt, J. A. ve Oke, T. R. (2003). Thermal remote sensing of urban climate. Remote Sensing of Environment, 86:, 2003:, 370-384.
  • Walawender, J. P., Szymanowski, M., Hajto, M. J. ve Bokwa, A. (2014). Land Surface Temperature Patterns in the Urban Agglomeration of Krakow (Poland) Derived from Landsat-7/ETM+ Data. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171:, 2014:, 913-940.
  • Weng, Q., ve Lu, D. (2008). A sub-pixel analysis of urbanization effect on lve surface temperature ve its interplay with impervious surface ve vegetation coverage in Indianapolis. United States, 10:, 2008:, 68–83.
  • Wong, N. H. ve Yu, C. (2005). Study of green areas ve urban heat islve in a tropical city. Habitat International, 29:, 2005:, 547-558.
  • Yuan, F. ve Bauer, M.E. (2007). Comparison of Impervious Surface Area and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as Indicators of Surface Urban Heat Island Effects in Landsat Imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 106:, 2007:, 375-386.
  • Zardo, L., Geneletti, D., Perez-Soba, M. ve Van Eupen, M. (2017). Estimating the cooling capacity of green infrastructures to support urban planning. Ecosystem Services, 26:, 2017:, 225-235.
  • Zhang, W., Zhu, Y. ve Jiang, J. (2016). Effect of the Urbanization of Wetlands on Microclimate: A Case Study of Xixi Wetland, Hangzhou, China, Sustainability, 8(9):, 2016:, 885.
  • Zhang, Y., Jiang, P., Zhang, H. ve Cheng, P. (2018). Study on Urban Heat Island Intensity Level Identification Based on an Improved Restricted Boltzmann Machine. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15:,2018:, 186.
  • Zhou, W., Wang, J. ve, Cadenasso, M. (2017). Effects of the spatial configuration of trees on urban heat mitigation: A comparative study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 195:, 2017:, 1-12.
Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 106 - 126, 20.02.2022

Abstract

References

  • Adeyeria, O. E., Akinsanolab, A. A. ve Isholac, K. A. (2017) Investigating surface urban heat island characteristics over Abuja, Nigeria: Relationship between land surface temperature and multiple vegetation Indices. Remote Sensing Applications: Society ve Environment, 7:, 2017:, 57-68.
  • Amiri, R., Weng, Q., Alimohammadi, A. ve Alavipanah, S. K. (2009). Spatial-temporal dynamics of land surface temperature in relation to fractional vegetation cover and land use/cover in the Tabriz urban area, Iran. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113:, 2009:, 2606-2617.
  • Anselin, L., Syabri, I. ve Kho, Y. (Ed). (2010) GeoDa: an introduction to spatial data analysis. Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis: Software Tools, Methods and Applications. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L., Knight, T. M. ve Pullin, A. S. (2010). Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning, 97:, 2010:, 147-155.
  • Cao, X., Onishi, A., Chen, J. ve Imura, H. (2010). Quantifying the cool island intensity of urban parks using ASTER and IKONOS data. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96:, 2010:, 224-231.
  • Carlson, T. ve Arthur, S. T. (2000). The impact of land use - Land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: A satellite perspective. Global and Planetary Change, 25(1):, 2000:, 49-65. DOI:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00021-7
  • Chen, L., Li, M., Huang, F. ve Xu, S. (2013). Relationships of LST to NDBI and NDVI in Wuhan City based on Landsat ETM+. 6th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP) 16-18 Dec., 2013. DOI: 10.1109/CISP.2013.6745282
  • Cheng, X., Wei, B., Chen, G., Li, J. ve Song, C. (2015). Influence of Park Size and Its Surrounding Urban Landscape Patterns on the Park Cooling Effect. J. Urban Plann. Dev., 141(3):, 2015:, A4014002.
  • Çubukçu, K. M. (2015). Planlamada ve Coğrafyada Temel İstatistik ve Mekânsal İstatistik (1). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Dai, X., Guo, Z. ve Zhang, L. (2010). Spatio-temporal exploratory analysis of urban surface temperature field in Shanghai, China. Stoch Environment Res Risk Assess, 24:,2010:, 247-257.
  • Du, H., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Qin, F., Jiang, H. ve Cai,Y. (2016). Influences of land cover types, meteorological conditions, anthropogenic heat and urban area on surface urban heat island in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Sci. Total Environ., 571:, 2016:, 461-470.
  • El-Hattab, M., Amany, S.M. ve Lamia, G. E. (2017). Monitoring and assessment of urban heat islands over the Southern region of Cairo Governorate, Egypt”. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, 21:, 2018:, 311-323.
  • Guo, G., Wu, Z., Xiao, R., Chen, Y., Liu, X. ve Zhang, X. (2015). Impacts of urban biophysical composition on land surface temperature in urban heat island clusters. Landscape and Urban Planning, 135:,2015:, 1-10.
  • Hung, T., Uchihama, Ochi, S. ve Yasuoka, Y. (2006). Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,8 (1):, 2006:, 34-48.
  • İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi, (2019). 2015-2019 Stratejik Planı, İzmir.
  • Kong, F., Yin, H., Wang, C., Cavan, G. ve James, P. (2014). A satellite image-based analysis of factors contributing to the green-space cool island intensity on a city scale. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 13:, 2014:, 846-853.
  • Kuşçu Şimşek, Ç. ve Şengezer, B. (2012). İstanbul Metropoliten Alanında Kentsel Isınmanın Azaltılmasında Yeşil Alanların Önemi. Megaron, 7(2):, 2012:, 116-128.
  • Leconte, P., Bouyer, J. Claverie., R. ve Petrissans, M. (2015). Using Local Climate Zone scheme for UHI assessment: Evaluation of the method using mobile measurements. Building and Environment, 83:, 2015:, 39-49.
  • Li, W., Cao, Q., Lang, K. ve Wu, J. (2017). Linking potential heat source and sink to urban heat island: Heterogeneous effects of landscape pattern on land surface temperature. Science of the Total Environment, 586:, 2017:, 457-465.
  • Lin, W., Yuc,T., Changa,X., Wua, W. ve Zhanga, Y. (2015) Calculating cooling extents of green parks using remote sensing: Method and test., Landscape and Urban Planning, 134:, 2015:, 66-75.
  • Liu,L., Lin, Y., Wang, L., Cao, J., Wang, D.,Xue, P. ve Liu, J. (2017). An integrated local climatic evaluation system for green sustainable eco-city construction: A case study in Shenzhen, China. Building and Environment, 114:, 2017:, 82-95.
  • Mackey, C. W., Lee, X. ve Smith, R. B. (2012). Remotely sensing the cooling effects of city scale efforts to reduce urban heat island. Building and Environment, 49:, 2012:, 348-358.
  • Maimaitiyiming, M.; Ghulam, A.; Tiyip, T.; Pla, F.; Carmona, P.; Halik. Ü.; Sawut, M. Ve Caetano, M. (2014). Effects of green Space Spatial Pattern On Land Surface Temperature: Implications for sustaniable Urban Planning and Climate Change Adaptation. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 89:, 2013:, 59-66.
  • Malik, M. S., Shukla, J. P. ve Mishra, S. (2019). Relationship of LST, NDBI and NDVI using Landsat-8 data in Kandaihimmat Watershed, Hoshangabad, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marina Science. 48(1):, 2019:, 25-31.
  • Marando, F., Salvatori, E., Sebastiani, Fusaro, L. ve Manes, F. (2019). Regulating Ecosystem Services and Green Infrastructure: assessment of Urban Heat Island effect mitigation in the municipality of Rome, Italy Ecological Modelling, 392:, 2019:, 92-102.
  • Mediterrian Experts on Climate ve Environmental Change (2019). Risks Assocıated to Climate and Environmental Changes In The Mediterranean Region. Erişim adresi: https://www.medecc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/MedECC-Booklet_EN_WEB.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 27.04.2021
  • Meng, Q., Zhang, L., Sun,Z., Meng, F., Wang, L. ve Sun, Y. (2018). Characterizing spatial and temporal trends of surface urban heat island effect in an urban main builtup area: A 12-year case study in Beijing, China. Remote Sensing of Environment, 204:, 2018:, 826-837.
  • Mirzaei, P. A. ve Haghighat, F. ( 2010). Approaches to study Urban Heat Island – Abilities and limitations. Building and Environment, 45(10):, 2010:, 192-2201.
  • Monteiro, M. V., Doick, K. J., Handley, P. ve Peace, A. (2016). The impact of greenspace size on the extent of local nocturnal airtemperature cooling in London. Urban Forestry ve Urban Greening, 16:, 2016:, 160-169.
  • NASA (2000). Erişim adresi: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/MeasuringVegetation . Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2020
  • Nemani, R., ve Running, S. (1989). Estimation of regional surface resistance toevapotranspiration from NDVI and thermal-IR AVHRR data. Journal of AppliedMeteorology, 28(4):1989:, 276-284.
  • Ng, E., Chen, L., Wang, Y. ve Yuan,C. (2012) “A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: An experience from Hong Kong”. Building and Environment, 47:,2012:, 256-271.
  • Oliveira, S., Andrade, H. ve Vaz, T. (2011). The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon. Building and Environment, 46:, 2011:, 2186-2194.
  • Pan, J. (2016). Area Delineation and Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Heat Island in Lanzhou City, China Using Remote Sensing Imagery. J Indian Soc Remote Sensing, 44(1):, 2016:, 111-127.
  • Peng, J., Xie, P., Liu, Y.X. ve Ma, J. (2016). Urban thermal environment dynamics and associated landscape pattern factors: A case study in the Beijing metropolitan region. Remote Sens. Environ., 173:, 2016:, 145-155.
  • Qin Z., Zhang M., Amon K. ve Pedro B., (2001). Monowindow algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM 6 data. Acta Geogr. Sin., 56:, 2001:, 456-466.
  • Ren, Z., He, X., Zheng, H., Zhang, D., Yu, X., Shen, G. ve Guo, R. (2013). Estimation of the Relationship between Urban Park Characteristics and Park Cool Island Intensity by Remote Sensing Data and Field Measurement. Forests. 4:, 2013:, 868-886.
  • Shashau-Bar, L.ve Hoffman, M.E. (2010). Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street : An empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas wth trees. Energy an Buildings, 31:, 2010:, 221-235.
  • Tiangco, M., Lagmay, A. M. ve Argete, J. (2008) ASTER-based study of the nighttime urban heat island effect in Metro Manila. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(10): 2008:, 2799-2818. DOI:10.1080/01431160701408360
  • TÜİK, (2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Nufus-veDemografi-109. Erişim tarihi: 29.01.2022Voogt, J. A. ve Oke, T. R. (2003). Thermal remote sensing of urban climate. Remote Sensing of Environment, 86:, 2003:, 370-384.
  • Walawender, J. P., Szymanowski, M., Hajto, M. J. ve Bokwa, A. (2014). Land Surface Temperature Patterns in the Urban Agglomeration of Krakow (Poland) Derived from Landsat-7/ETM+ Data. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171:, 2014:, 913-940.
  • Weng, Q., ve Lu, D. (2008). A sub-pixel analysis of urbanization effect on lve surface temperature ve its interplay with impervious surface ve vegetation coverage in Indianapolis. United States, 10:, 2008:, 68–83.
  • Wong, N. H. ve Yu, C. (2005). Study of green areas ve urban heat islve in a tropical city. Habitat International, 29:, 2005:, 547-558.
  • Yuan, F. ve Bauer, M.E. (2007). Comparison of Impervious Surface Area and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as Indicators of Surface Urban Heat Island Effects in Landsat Imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 106:, 2007:, 375-386.
  • Zardo, L., Geneletti, D., Perez-Soba, M. ve Van Eupen, M. (2017). Estimating the cooling capacity of green infrastructures to support urban planning. Ecosystem Services, 26:, 2017:, 225-235.
  • Zhang, W., Zhu, Y. ve Jiang, J. (2016). Effect of the Urbanization of Wetlands on Microclimate: A Case Study of Xixi Wetland, Hangzhou, China, Sustainability, 8(9):, 2016:, 885.
  • Zhang, Y., Jiang, P., Zhang, H. ve Cheng, P. (2018). Study on Urban Heat Island Intensity Level Identification Based on an Improved Restricted Boltzmann Machine. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15:,2018:, 186.
  • Zhou, W., Wang, J. ve, Cadenasso, M. (2017). Effects of the spatial configuration of trees on urban heat mitigation: A comparative study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 195:, 2017:, 1-12.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environment and Culture
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Kemal Mert Çubukçu This is me 0000-0003-3604-7014

Yasemin Şentürk This is me 0000-0002-7158-6657

Publication Date February 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çubukçu, K. M., & Şentürk, Y. (2022). KENTSEL SOĞUK ALAN SOĞUTMA KAPASİTESİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI, İZMİR ÖRNEĞİ. Çevre Şehir Ve İklim Dergisi, 1(1), 106-126.