Concomitant strain of Bacillus vallismortis BR2 and Escherichia coli Khodavandi-Alizadeh-2 for Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Waste Oil Feedstock
Abstract
Bacillus vallismortis BR2 and Escherichia coli Khodavandi-Alizadeh-2 lipases (E.C.3.1.1.3) were used to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a sustainable source of fuel. The lipase activity was measured using the titrimetric method after it was extracted from a solid fermented substrate in phosphate buffer. The use of Central Composite Design to optimize condition parameters was examined, while qualitative and quantitative assessments of FAME samples were performed using GC-MS with MSD in scan mode and selective ion monitoring. Lipase activity peaked at 24 h and then declined as the incubation time went on. The independent variables, such as pH, temperature, agitation, incubation time and enzyme quantity, all had an effect on biodiesel yield since they were all significant in the rate of biodiesel yield. FAME yield increased significantly after adding 1 to 2 mL of enzyme and a pH range of 4.57143 to 7.42857, but thereafter declined. The chromatograms indicated a peak of cis-10-Heptadecanoic acid methyl ester with concentrations of 39.95 mg/L and 58.95 mg/L in the FAME molecules. The viscosity (3.67 m3/s), specific gravity (0.813 g/cm3), flash point (102.70 °C), cetane number (55.52), and pour point (-24 °C) of the fuel were also measured. The synthesized biodiesel from the spent oil through the synergic enzymes were found to be a simple, effective, and sustainable fuel production process, as well as a potential means of eliminating pollution caused by haphazard waste cooking oil disposal.
Keywords
Bacillus vallismortis BR2, Concomitant Lipase, Escherichia coli Khodavandi-Alizadeh-2, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, Waste cooking Oil.
References
- [1] Sarno M., Iuliano M., Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil, Green Process Syn., 8 (2019) 828–836.
- [2] Chen C., Chitose A., Kusadokoro M., Nje H., Xu W., Yang F., Yang S., Sustainability and challenges in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: An advance bibliometric analysis, Energy Rep., 7 (2021) 4022-4034
- [3] Canakci M, Gerpen Van J., Biodiesel Production from oils and fats With High Free Fatty Acids, Transactions of the ASAE, 44(6) (2001) 1429–1436.
- [4] Osho M.B., Popoola T.O.S., Kareem S.O., Arowolo T.A., Transesterification of Jatropha seeds oil by vegetative sponge immobilized lipase of Alternaria sp. MGGP 06 for fatty acid methyl ester production under optimized conditions, Petroleum Technol. Develop. J. An International Journal, 1(2014a) 56-70.
- [5] Osho M.B., Omemu A.M., Popoola T.O.S., Adeleye T., Enzymatic production of fatty acid methyl ester by Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 lipase from non-edible oil, Petroleum Technol. Develop. J. An International Journal, 2 (2014b) 51-59.
- [6] Osho M.B., Popoola T.O.S, Arowolo T.A., Biosynthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from vegetable oils using Sponge-immobilized lipase of Candida rugosa PV 0514, J. Biotechnol. Bioinfor, Bioengnr., 2(3) (2015)13-18.
- [7] Kareem S.O., Adio O.Q., Osho M.B., Banjo T.T., Omeike S.O., Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Spent Cooking Oil by Fungal Lipase Using Response Surface Methodology, Nigerian J. Biotechnol., 35 (2018) 25-33.
- [8] Shafiq F., Mumtaz M.W., Mukhtar H., Touqeer T., Raza S.A., Rashid U., Nehdi I.A., Choong T.S.Y., Response Surface Methodology Approach for optimized biodiesel production from waste chicken fat oil, Catalysis, 10(6) (2020) 633.
- [9] Kuan I.C., Lee C.C., Tsai B.H., Lee S.L., Lee W.T., Yu C.Y., Optimizing the Production of Biodiesel Using Lipase Entrapped in Biomimetic Silica, Energies, 6(4) (2013) 2052–2064.
- [10] Touqeer T., Mumtaz M.W., Mukhtar H., Irfan A., Akram S., Shabbir A., Rashid U., Nehdi I.A., Choong T.S.Y., Fe3O4-PDA Lipase as surface functionalized nano biocatalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil as feedstock: Characterization and process optimization, Energies, 13(1) (2020)177.