Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp.

Selime Merve Tetik; Melike Korkmazyiğit; Ayşenur Nahırcıoğlu; Burcu Ertit Taştan

doi:10.17776/csj.1806812

Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp.

Abstract

Air pollution, increased traffic, and the extensive use of fossil fuels have led to elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels, undermining efforts to mitigate climate change. This study investigates the effect of different light spectra, on the growth performance and bioenergy potential of Chlorella sp. The strain was cultivated in BG11 medium under controlled conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 25 µmol/m²/s) for 15 days, exposed to monochromatic LED lights emitting blue, white, red, or green wavelengths. Growth parameters including optical density (OD₆₀₀), dry biomass (X), chlorophyll content (chl a+b), specific growth rate (μ), maximum biomass productivity (Pₘₐₓ), and CO₂ biofixation rate (FCO₂) were evaluated. The results demonstrated that red light significantly enhanced biomass accumulation (0.710 g/L), chlorophyll concentration (0.871 µg/mL), and CO₂ bio-fixation rate (0.0117 mg CO₂/d), outperforming other spectral conditions. Green light also supported notable growth, while blue light was the least effective. These findings contribute to optimizing light-driven cultivation strategies for sustainable microalgal biomass production and CO₂ mitigation in bioenergy applications

Keywords

Bioenergy, Biomass, Chlorella sp., CO₂ biofixation, Light spectra

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

1919B012106421

Ethical Statement

The study does not require ethical approval.

Thanks

This study was supported by TUBITAK 2209-A program with project number 1919B012106421.

References

Taştan, B. E. (2017). Clean up fly ash from coal burning plants by new isolated fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium glabrum. Journal of Environmental Management, 200, 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.062
Taştan, B. E., & Tekinay, T. (2016). A novel coal additive from microalgae produced from thermal power plant flue gas. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133, 1086–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.053
Mata, T. M., Martins, A. A., & Caetano, N. S. (2010). Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(1), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020
Taştan, B. E., Duygu, E., & Dönmez, G. (2012). Boron bioremoval by a newly isolated Chlorella sp. and its stimulation by growth stimulators. Water Research, 46(1), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.045
Taştan, B. E., Duygu, E., İlbaş, M., & Dönmez, G. (2016). Enhancement of microalgal biomass production and dissolved inorganic C fixation from actual coal flue gas by exogenous salicylic acid and 1-triacontanol growth promoters. Energy, 103, 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.020
Chen, H. B., Wu, J. Y., Wang, C. F., Fu, C. C., Shieh, C. J., Chen, C. I., Wang, C. Y., & Liu, Y. C. (2010). Modeling on chlorophyll a and phycocyanin production by Spirulina platensis under various light-emitting diodes. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 53(1), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2010.09.004
Ouzounis, T., Rosenqvist, E., & Ottosen, C. (2015). Spectral effects of artificial light on plant physiology and secondary metabolism: A review. HortScience, 50(8), 1128–1135. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.8.1128
Habibi, R., & Sibi, G. (2019). Light emitting diode (LED) illumination for enhanced growth and cellular composition in three microalgae. Advances in Microbiology Research. https://doi.org/10.24966/AMR-694X/100007
Maltsev, Y., Maltseva, K., Kulikovskiy, M., & Maltseva, S. (2021). Influence of light conditions on microalgae growth and content of lipids, carotenoids, and fatty acid composition. Biology, 10(10), 1060. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10101060
Taştan, B. E., Duygu, E., İlbaş, M., & Dönmez, G. (2013). Utilization of LPG and gasoline engine exhaust emissions by microalgae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 246, 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.035

Esteves, A. F., Pardilhó, S., Gonçalves, A. L., Vilar, V. J., & Pires, J. C. (2025). Unravelling the impact of light spectra on microalgal growth and biochemical composition using principal component analysis and artificial neural network models. Algal Research, 85, 103820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2024.103820
Zhong, Y., Jin, P., & Cheng, J. J. (2018). A comprehensive comparable study of the physiological properties of four microalgal species under different light wavelength conditions. Planta, 248, 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-2899-5
Rippka, R. (1988). Recognition and identification of cyanobacteria. Methods in Enzymology, 167, 28–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(88)67005-4
López-Pacheco, I. Y., Castillo-Vagas, E. I., & Castaneda-Hernandez, L. (2021). CO₂ biocapture by Scenedesmus sp. grown in industrial wastewater. Science of the Total Environment, 790, 148222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148222
Perendeci, N. A., Yilmaz, V., Taştan, B. E., et al. (2019). Correlations between biochemical composition and biogas production during anaerobic digestion of microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from different sources of Turkey. Bioresource Technology, 281, 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.086
Ip, P. F., & Chen, F. (2005). Production of astaxanthin by the green microalga Chlorella zofingiensis in the dark. Process Biochemistry, 40, 733–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.01.039
Cheah, W. Y., Show, P. L., Chang, J. S., Ling, T. C., & Juan, J. C. (2015). Biosequestration of atmospheric CO₂ and flue gas-containing CO₂ by microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 184, 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.026
Pegallapati, A. K., & Nirmalakhandan, N. (2013). Internally illuminated photobioreactor for algal cultivation under carbon dioxide supplementation: Performance evaluation. Renewable Energy, 56, 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.052
Yadav, G., Karemore, A., Dash, S. K., & Sen, R. (2015). Performance evaluation of a green process for microalgal CO₂ sequestration in closed photobioreactor using flue gas generated in situ. Bioresource Technology, 191, 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.040
Porra, R. J., Thompson, W. A., & Kreidemann, P. E. (1989). Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: Verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 975, 384–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0
Kenney, J. F., & Keeping, E. S. (1951). Standard error of the mean. In Mathematics of Statistics (Pt. 2, 2nd ed., pp. 132–133). Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
Barnett, J. Z., Foy, J., Malone, R., Rusch, K. A., & Gutierrez-Wing, M. T. (2017). Impact of light quality on a native Louisiana Chlorella vulgaris/Leptolyngbya sp. co-culture. Engineering in Life Sciences, 17(6), 678–685. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201600013
Wongsnansilp, T., & Khamcharoen, M. (2024). The effects of red–blue light on the growth and astaxanthin production of a Haematococcus pluvialis strain isolated from Southern Thailand. Applied Microbiology, 4(4), 1745–1756. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4040117
Korozi, E., Kefalogianni, I., Tsagou, V., Chatzipavlidis, I., Markou, G., & Karnaouri, A. (2023). Evaluation of growth and production of high-value-added metabolites in Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris grown on crude glycerol under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions using monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Foods, 12(16), 3068. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12163068
Palikrousis, T. L., Manolis, C., Kalamaras, S. D., & Samaras, P. (2024). Effect of light intensity on the growth and nutrient uptake of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated in biogas plant digestate. Water, 16, 2782. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16192782
Yu, B. S., Pyo, S., Lee, J., et al. (2024). Microalgae: A multifaceted catalyst for sustainable solutions in renewable energy, food security, and environmental management. Microbial Cell Factories, 23, 308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-024-02588-7
Baidya, A., Akter, T., Islam, M. R., Shah, A. K. M. A., Hossain, M. A., Salam, M. A., & Paul, S. I. (2021). Effect of different wavelengths of LED light on the growth, chlorophyll, β-carotene content and proximate composition of Chlorella ellipsoidea. Heliyon, 7(12), e08525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08525
Teo, C. L., Atta, M., Bukhari, A., Taisir, M., Yusuf, A. M., & Idris, A. (2014). Enhancing growth and lipid production of marine microalgae for biodiesel production via the use of different LED wavelengths. Bioresource Technology, 162, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.113
Vadiveloo, A., Moheimani, N. R., Cosgrove, J., Bahri, P., & Parlevliet, D. (2015). Effect of different light spectra on the growth and productivity of acclimated Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae). Algal Research, 8, 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.001

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Algology, Plant Biotechnology, Freshwater Ecology, Bioprocessing, Bioproduction and Bioproducts, Microbiology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Selime Merve Tetik
0009-0006-1784-528X
Türkiye

Melike Korkmazyiğit
0009-0007-6998-3489
Türkiye

Ayşenur Nahırcıoğlu
0009-0009-7902-7823
Türkiye

Burcu Ertit Taştan ^*
0000-0003-4644-8305
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 29, 2026

Submission Date

October 19, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 47 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1806812

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA28GC25MK

APA

Tetik, S. M., Korkmazyiğit, M., Nahırcıoğlu, A., & Ertit Taştan, B. (2026). Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 47(3), 412-417. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1806812

AMA

1.Tetik SM, Korkmazyiğit M, Nahırcıoğlu A, Ertit Taştan B. Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp. CSJ. 2026;47(3):412-417. doi:10.17776/csj.1806812

Chicago

Tetik, Selime Merve, Melike Korkmazyiğit, Ayşenur Nahırcıoğlu, and Burcu Ertit Taştan. 2026. “Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella Sp”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 (3): 412-17. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1806812.

EndNote

Tetik SM, Korkmazyiğit M, Nahırcıoğlu A, Ertit Taştan B (June 1, 2026) Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47 3 412–417.

IEEE

[1]S. M. Tetik, M. Korkmazyiğit, A. Nahırcıoğlu, and B. Ertit Taştan, “Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp”., CSJ, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 412–417, June 2026, doi: 10.17776/csj.1806812.

ISNAD

Tetik, Selime Merve - Korkmazyiğit, Melike - Nahırcıoğlu, Ayşenur - Ertit Taştan, Burcu. “Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella Sp”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 47/3 (June 1, 2026): 412-417. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1806812.

JAMA

1.Tetik SM, Korkmazyiğit M, Nahırcıoğlu A, Ertit Taştan B. Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp. CSJ. 2026;47:412–417.

MLA

Tetik, Selime Merve, et al. “Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella Sp”. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, June 2026, pp. 412-7, doi:10.17776/csj.1806812.

Vancouver

1.Selime Merve Tetik, Melike Korkmazyiğit, Ayşenur Nahırcıoğlu, Burcu Ertit Taştan. Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp. CSJ. 2026 Jun. 1;47(3):412-7. doi:10.17776/csj.1806812

As of 2026, Cumhuriyet Science Journal will be published in six issues per year, released in February, April, June, August, October, and December

Effects of Different Light Spectrums on Growth, Chlorophyll and CO₂ Biofixation Capacity of Chlorella sp.

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite