Türkiye’nin Çalışmada Sağlık ve Güvenlik Alanında Avrupa Birliği Hukukuna Uyumu

Abstract

Türkiye uzunca bir süredir Avrupa Birliğine AB üye olma çabası içindedir. Bu bağlamda, öteden beri önemli bir sorun olagelen iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarını önlemek için AB’nin çalışmada sağlık ve güvenlik hukukuna uyum sağlamaya uğraşmaktadır. Uyum amacıyla Türkiye’de çok sayıda hukuk kuralı yürürlüğe konmuştur. Ancak bu çabalar, amacına ulaşamamıştır. İş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları ile güvensiz çalışma koşulları, çözüm bulunamamış bir sorun olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. AB’nin çalışmada sağlık ve güvenlikle ilgili yönergelerin bir kısmı, güncel değildir. Aynı zamanda ilgili AB hukuku, belirli sorun alanlarını özel olarak düzenleme bakımından eksiktir. Gerçekten psikososyal riskler ve kas-iskelet sistemini tehdit eden riskler gibi bazı temel konuları düzenleyen özel yönergelerin çıkarılması başarısız olmuştur. Türkiye tarafında ise AB yönergelerine aykırı biçimde geniş çalışan gruplarını koruyan önemli bir takım hukuki düzenlemelerin yürürlüğü sürekli ertelenmektedir. Ayrıca hukuksal düzenlemelerin gereklerini yaşama geçirecek uygun nitelikte bir çalışma yönetimi sistemi kurulamamıştır. Ek olarak enformel istihdamda yer alan çalışanların önleyici düzenlemelerden ve hizmetlerden yararlanabilmelerine olanak sağlayan bir mekanizma oluşturulamamıştır

Keywords

• Çalışmada sağlık ve güvenlik, Türkiye, AB Yönergeleri, Uyum

Turkey’s Compliance with EU Legislations in the Field of Safety and Health at Work

Abstract

Turkey has been trying to join the European Union EU for a long time. In this context, Turkey needs to comply with EU regulations on health and safety at work for preventing occupational accidents and diseases, which has long been its a major problem. In order to comply, much legislation was enacted in Turkey. But these efforts have failed to accomplish their intended goal. Occupational accidents and diseases, dangerous working conditions continue to exist as an unsolved problem. Some of the EU's directives on health and safety at work are out of date. At the same time, EU law is lacking in specifically regulating certain problem areas. For instance, the adopted of specific directives that regulate some basic issues such as psychosocial and musculoskeletal risks has failed. In Turkey, in a way that is contradictory to EU directives, certain significant legislation to protect broad numbers of employees are constantly being delayed In addition, an effective structure of labour administration for the enforcement of the provisions of the legal regulations could not be established. A system that requires workers employed in informal employment to benefit from preventive regulations and services has still not been developed

Keywords

• safety and health at work, Turkey, EU Directives, Compliance

References

1. AB Bakanlığı (?), Türkiye-AB Katılım Müzakereleri, Rehber No. 6, Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı Yayını, Ankara. [https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/rehber/06_rehber.pdf] (12.02.2021).
2. Akyiğit, Ercan (2015), “İşyeri Hekimi ve İş Güvenliği Uzmanlarının İş Güvencesi”, Beykent Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 1 - Sayı: 2 (Aralık), s.11- 38.
3. Ales, Edordo (2015), Occupational Health and Safety: a European and Comparative Legal Perspective, WP CSDLE “Massimo D’Antona”.INT – Working Papers 120/2015, Catania.
4. Arslan, Volkan ve Ulubeyli, Serdar (2016), “ İş Güvenliği Uzmanlarının Sorunlarına Yönelik Bir Saha Araştırması”, Çalışma ve Toplum, S. 50 (3).
5. CEC (2000), 2000 Regular Report, From the Commission on Turkey’s Progress towards Accession (8 November 2000), Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
6. CEC (2001), 2001 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, SEC (2001) 1756, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
7. CEC (2002), 2002 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, SEC (2002) 1412, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
8. CEC (2003a), Commission Recommendation of 19 September 2003 concerning the European schedule of occupational diseases, C(2003) 3297), Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

9. CEC (2003b), 2003 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, SEC (2003)1212, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
10. CEC (2005), Turkey 2005 Progress Report, SEC (2005) 1426 European Commission, Brussels.
11. CEC (2006), Turkey 2006 Progress Report, SEC (2006) 1390, Commission Staff Working Document, Brussels.
12. CEC (2008a), Report on the implementation of the European social partners' Framework Agreement on Telework, SEC(2008) 2178, Commission Staff Working Paper, Brussels.
13. CEC (2008b), Turkey 2008 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2008-2009, SEC (2008) 2699, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Brussels.
14. CEC (2009), Turkey 2009 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2009-2010, SEC (2009)1334, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Brussels.
15. COWI (2015), Evaluation of the Practical Implementation of the EU Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Directives in EU Member States -Main Report , DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion,
16. Çağlayan, Çiğdem (2015), İşyeri Temsilcileri ve İşçiler İçin Meslek Hastalıkları Rehberi, Birleşik Metal-İş Sendikası Ya., İstanbul.
17. Çelik, Aziz (2014), Avrupa Birliği Sosyal Politikası ve Türkiye, Kitap Yayınevi, İstanbul.
18. ÇSGB (2009), Ulusal İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Politika Belgesi–II (2009–2013), Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Ya., Ankara.
19. ÇSGB (2012), 6331 Sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu (Tanıtım Broşürü), Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Genel Müdürlüğü Ya., Ankara
20. Demircioğlu, A. Murat ve Kaplan, Hasan Ali (2014), “İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu’na İlişkin Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararının İncelenmesi “, Çalışma ve Toplum, S. 42 (3).
21. Düzel, Osman (2004), Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği Üyeliği ve Türk Hukuk Sistemi, Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara.
22. EC (2010), Turkey 2010 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2010-2011, SEC (2010) 1327, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Brussels.
23. EC (2011), Turkey 2011 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2011-2012, SEC (2011) 1201, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Brussels.
24. EC (2012), Turkey 2012 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2012-2013, SWD (2012) 336, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Brussels
25. EC (2013), Turkey 2013 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2013-2014, SWD (2013) 417, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Brussels
26. EC (2014a), EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014-2020, COM(2014) 332 final, Brussels.
27. EC (2014b), Turkey 2014 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2014-2015, SWD (2014) 307, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Brussels.
28. EC (2015a), Industrial Relations in Europe 2014, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
29. EC (2015b), Turkey 2015 Report, EU Enlargement Strategy, SWD (2015) 216, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Brussels.
30. EC (2016), Turkey 2016 Report, Communication on EU Enlargement Policy, SWD (2016) 366, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Brussels.
31. EC (2017), Safer and Healthier Work for All - Modernisation of the EU Occupational Safety and Health Legislation and Policy, COM(2017) 12 final, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels.
32. EC (2018), Turkey 2018 Report, Communication on EU Enlargement Policy, SWD (2018) 153, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Brussels.
33. EC (2019), Turkey 2019 Report, Communication on EU Enlargement Policy, SWD (2019) 220, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Brussels.
34. EC (2020), Turkey 2020 Report, Communication on EU Enlargement Policy, SWD (2020) 355, Commission Staff Working Document, The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Brussels.
35. ETUI (2020), Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) and the Carcinogens and Mutagens [https://www.etui.org/sites/default/files/2020- 11/ETUI%20Briefing%20Note%20-%20OELs%20%26%20CMD4_0.pdf] (12.02.2021). Briefing