Mesleksel Uçucu Organik Bileşik Maruz Kalımı ve Genototoksisite

Abstract

Kimyasalların, insan hayatında daha fazla yer almaya başlaması ile insan sağlığı ve doğal kaynaklar üzerine olumsuz etkileri ile tartışmalar artmaya başlamıştır. Bu noktada gerçeğe en yakın maruz kalım bilgisinin elde edilmesi koruma önlemlerinin planlanması bakımından önemli hale gelmiştir. Maruz kalım bilgisini doğrudan ve dolaylı yöntemler üzerinden elde edebilmek mümkündür. Tüm yöntemlerin maliyet, insan gücü, uygulanabilirlik, teknik alt yapı gerekliliği konularında avantaj ve dezavantajları vardır. Genotoksisite testleri maruz kalınan kimyasallara bağlı genetik yapılar üzerinde kalıcı ya da geçici ortaya çıkan bozuklukları ölçmeyi amaçlayan testlerin genel adıdır. Pek çok kimyasal maddenin genotoksik etkisi kanıtlanmıştır ve maddelere maruz kalım süresi ve şiddeti arttıkça genotoksik etkilerin arttığı gösterilmiştir. Düşük kaynama noktaları ve yüksek buhar basınçları nedeniyle hemen tüm ortam havasında bulunan uçucu organik bileşikler UOB bu fizikokimyasal özellikleri nedeniyle hem mesleksel hem de günlük hayatta en önemli bir kimyasal madde maruz kalım kaynaklarıdır. Geliştirilen kısa süreli genotoksisite testleriyle kimyasal maddelerin genetik materyal üzerinde yaptığı değişikliklerin gösterilmesi maruz kalım göstergesi hatta bazı durumlarda maruz kalımın erken göstergelerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kimyasalların genotoksik etkilerine ait bilgiler uluslararası kanser araştırma birliklerinin rehber dokümanlarının hazırlanmasında ve kanser erken tanısında tarama testleri olarak kullanılmaktadır. Şu an gelinen noktada hiçbir kısa süreli genotoksisite değerlendirme testinin tek başına kanseri önceden tahmin etmede yeterli olmadığı kabul edilmektedir. Bu derlemede UOB’ler ile ilgili genel bilgiler ve maruz kalım değerlendirilmesi konularının tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Google Akademik EBSCOHost, Elsevier Science Direct ve Medline veri tabanlarından “uçucu organik bileşikler”, “genotoksisite”, “mesleksel maruz kalım”, “meslek hastalığı”, “comet testi”, “mikronükleus testi” anahtar kelimeleri ile “genel tarama yöntemi” kullanılarak detaylı ve kapsamlı bir literatür değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır

Keywords

• Uçucu organik bileşikler, Maruz kalım değerlendirmeleri, Comet testi, Mikronükleus testi, Genotoksisite,

Occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds and genototoxicity

Abstract

The debate has started to increase with the negative effects of chemicals on human health and natural resources as they take more place in human life. At this point, obtaining the most accurate exposure information has become important in terms of planning protection measures. It is possible to obtain exposure information via direct and indirect methods. All methods have advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, manpower, applicability, technical infrastructure requirements. Genotoxicity tests are the general name of the tests that aim to measure permanent or temporary damage on genetic structures due to chemicals exposed. The genotoxic effects of many chemicals have been proven and it has been shown that the genotoxic effects increase as the exposure time and intensity of the substances increase. Volatile organic compounds VOC found in almost all ambient air due to their low boiling points and high vapor pressures are the most important chemical exposure sources in both occupational and daily life due to these physicochemical properties.With the short-term genotoxicity tests developed, showing the changes made by chemical substances on the genetic material is considered as an exposure indicator and in some cases even one of the early indicators of exposure. Information on the genotoxic effects of chemicals are used in the preparation of guideline documents of international cancer research associations and as screening tests in cancer early diagnosis. At present, it is accepted that no short-term genotoxicity assessment test alone is sufficient in predicting cancer. In this review, it is aimed to discuss general information about VOCs and exposure assessment issues. Using the keywords "volatile organic compounds", "genotoxicity", "occupational exposure", "occupational disease", "comet test", "micronucleus test" and "general screening method" from Google Academic EBSCOHost, Elsevier Science Direct and Medline databases A detailed and comprehensive literature review was made

Keywords

• Volatile organic compounds, Exposure assesments, Comet test, Micronucleus test, Genotoxicity

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