Kapitalist Gelişme ve Kriz Sürecinde Kadın Emeği : Asya Deneyiminden Çıkarılacak Dersler

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Doğu ve Güney Doğu Asya ülkelerinde kapitalist gelişme sürecinin ve krizin toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı etkileri ele alınacaktır. Bu ülkelerin çoğu 1970’lerden itibaren ihracata yönelik sanayileşme stratejisi uyguladılar. İhracata yönelik sanayileşme kadın emeğine dayanıyordu ve aslında kadın öncülüğünde gerçekleşti. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde ihracata yönelik üretimde kadın emek gücünün işlevi ve bu sürecin kadınlara etkisi tartışılacaktır. Bu ülkelerin 1990’ların sonunda karşılaştığı kriz bütün bölgede kadınları olumsuz etkiledi. Dünya Bankası’nın 1999 Raporu’nda bildirdiğine göre milyonlarca insan yoksullaştı; bazı ülkelerde işsizlik üç katına çıktı; reel ücretler, yüzde kırklara varan düzeylerde, geriledi; bütün bölgede sağlık kötüleşti; çocuk emeği kullanımı, fahişelik, ev içi şiddet vakaları önemli ölçüde arttı DB, 1999:107 . Krizden etkilenenlerin çoğu kadındı. Çalışmada ikinci olarak krizin kadınların yaşamında yarattığı ek sıkıntılara değinilecektir. Asya deneyiminde yaşananların, günümüz küresel krizinin Türkiye’li kadınlara yapacağı etkiler üzerine önemli ipuçları barındırdığını düşünüyorum

Keywords

• Kriz, kapitalist gelişme, kadın emek gücü, toplumsal cinsiyet

Abstract

This paper deals with the gender impact of the capitalist development and the crises of East and South /East Asian countries. Most of these countries applied export led industrialization after 1970’s, which was depended on female labour power, and infact it is said to be women-led. So, this paper begins with the function of the female labour in the export led industrialization and the impacts of this process on women. The financial crisis they faced in the late 1990’s influenced women dramatically all over the region. As World Bank notifies, millions of people were impoverished; unemployment rates tripled in some countries; real wages dropped, at times by 40 percent; health deteriorated throughout the region; and reported cases of child labor, prostitution, and domestic violence dramatically increased. And the most of affected ones were women. So, this paper investigates secondly, the additional burdens that Asian crises added on women’s life. I think that the Asian experiences can give insights about the impacts of the current global crisis on women in Turkey

Keywords

• Crisis, capitalist development, female labour power, gender

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