Hollanda’da Kadınların Kısmi Süreli İstihdamı ve Etkileri

Abstract

Hollanda’da kısmi süreli istihdam geçen 30 yıl içinde önemli derecedeartmış ve en yaygın çalışma biçimlerinden biri haline gelmiştir.Hollanda’da kısmi süreli kadın istihdam oranı diğer OECDülkelerindekinden yüksektir. Bu ülkede çalışan dört kadından üçükısmi süreli çalışmaktadır. 2009 yılında kadınların kısmi süreli çalışmaoranı yüzde 75,8 erkeklerinkinden yüzde 24,9 üç kat daha fazladır. Hollanda’da kadınların kısmi süreli istihdam oranı artarken, hane yapısı tek gelir getiren erkek modelinden erkeğin tam zamanlı kadının ise kısmi süreli çalıştığı modele doğru değişmektedir. Sınırlı ücret artışları ve iş paylaşımı 1980’li yıllardan bu yana Hollanda modelinin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Hollanda’da kısmi süreli çalışma tam süreli çalışma gibi güvenceli ve devamlı olduğu için çoğu zaman eğreti çalışma olarak kabul edilmez. Fakat çoğunlukla kadınların çalıştığı aşırı a-tipik ve aşırı kısmi süreli işler güvencesiz, düşük ücretli, gelip geçici ve eğretidir. Gönülsüz kısmi süreli istihdam oranı düşük olmakla birlikte, kısmi süreli istihdamın uzun dönemli olumsuz etkilerinin üstesinden bütünüyle gelinememiştir. Aynı zamanda, istihdam geçişkenliklerinde cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizlik varlığını sürdürmekte ve kadınlar erkeklerden dikkate değer biçimde daha az gelir elde etmektedir. Emeklilik geliri, kariyer gelişimi, yoksulluk riski ve kadının ekonomik bağımsızlılığı üzerinde kısmi süreli çalışmanın olumsuz etkileri vardır

Keywords

• Hollanda, Kısmi süreli istihdam, Kadınlar, Ekonomik ve sosyal etkiler

Abstract

Part-time employment has been significantly increasing in theNetherlands for the past three decades and become one of the mostextended patterns of work. Female part-time employment rate in theNetherlands is higher than in other OECD countries. In thiscountry, three in four working women work part-time. The part-timeemployment rate for women 75,8% is three times higher the parttime employment rate for men 24,9% in 2009. In the Netherlands,while women's part-time employment rate has continued to rise, thestructure of the households is changing from a single earner couplesto one-and-a-half earner couples. Wage moderation and job sharing have been at the heart of theNetherlands’ model since the 1980s. Part-time work is usually notregarded as precarious work, since part-time work is as permanentand secure as full-time work in the Netherlands. But very atypical andvery short part-time jobs that women mostly work are insecure, lowpaid, casual and precarious. While the rate of involuntary part-time employment is low, not alllonger-term adverse impacts have been overcome. Also genderinequality in employment transitions is evident and women earnconsiderably less than men. There are negative impacts of part-timework on economic independence of women, poverty risk, careerprogression and retirement income

Keywords

• The Netherlands, part-time employment, women,economic and social effects

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