Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Teknolojik Gelişme ve Fonksiyonel Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Kantil Regresyon Analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 74, 1797 - 1832, 11.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1141940

Abstract

Kapitalist sistemin temel çatışma öğesi olan emek ve sermaye arasındaki mücadelelerin teknoloji bağlamında ele alınması ve buradan hareketle teknolojik gelişmelerin gelir dağılımı üzerinden incelenmesi, kapitalizmin eşitsizlik üzerine kurulu sosyo-ekonomik yapısının gözlenmesine imkân tanımaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, teknolojik gelişmenin fonksiyonel gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisini Türkiye ekonomisi itibariyle 1980-2021 dönemi için kantil regresyon analizi kullanarak incelemektir. Analiz bulguları, teknolojik gelişime bağlı olarak hem emek-içi ve hem sermaye-içi gelir dağılımının bozulduğunu ortaya koymuş, ancak emeğin milli gelirden aldığı payın çok daha fazla bozulmasına bağlı olarak fonksiyonel gelir dağılımının sermaye lehine değiştiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca sonuçlar, teknolojik gelişim ile birlikte nitelikli emek gücünün milli gelir payının arttığını, niteliksiz emek gücünün atıl kaldığını, bu atıl işgücünün de kapitalist tarafından artı-değer amacıyla kullanıldığını ve böylece emek-içi gelir eşitsizliklerinin hızlandığını yansıtmıştır. Diğer taraftan, kapitalizmin sürüklediği rekabet yarışından galip çıkabilmek amacıyla teknolojiye yapılan yatırımların sermayenin temerküzüne yol açtığı da tespit edilmiş ve bu bağlamda sermaye sınıfı arasındaki gelir eşitsizliklerinin arttığı da gözlenmiştir. Genel olarak, teknolojik gelişim ile birlikte sermaye sınıfının zenginleştiği, işgücü sınıfının ise yoksullaştığı söylenebilmektedir.

References

  • Aghion, P., Akcigit, U., Bergeaud, A., Blundell, R. and Hemous, D. (2019). Innovation and Top Income Inequality. The Review of Economic Studies, 86(1), 1-45.
  • Arda Özalp, L. F. ve Özalp, H. (2017). Gelir Eşitsizliği ve Teknoloji: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Perspektif. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(59), 338-353.
  • Bellais, R. (2004). Post Keynesian Theory, Technology Policy, and Long-Term Growth. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 26(3), 419-440.
  • Benos, N. and Tsiachtsiras, G. (2019). Innovation and Income Inequality: World Evidence. MPRA Working Paper, No. 92050.
  • Brugger, F. and Gehrke, C. (2018). Skilling and Deskilling: Technological Change in Classical Economic Theory and Its Empirical Evidence. Theory and Society, 47, 663-689.
  • Bükey, A. M. ve Akgül, O. (2019). Teknoloji Transferinin Gelir Dağılımına Olan Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 1-8.
  • Carvalho, L. and Guilmi, C. D. (2020). Technological Unemployment and Income Inequality: A Stock-Flow Consistent Agent-Based Approach. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 30, 39-73.
  • Çetin, M., Demir, H. and Saygın, S. (2021). Financial Development, Technological Innovation and Income Inequality: Time Series Evidence from Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 156, 47-69.
  • Çoban, S. and Marangoz, C. (2019). Causality Relationship between Technological Development, Income Distribution and Poverty: Evidence from Level-1 Regions of Turkey. Çoban, S., Dalpour, S. W., Marangoz, C. and Bulut, E. (Eds.), In Recent Economic Approaches and Financial Corporate Policy (pp. 13-30), London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • Daud, S. N. M., Ahmad, A. H. and Ngah, W. A. S. W. (2020). Financialization, Digital Technology and Income Inequality. Applied Economics Letters, DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2020.1808165
  • De Palo, C., Karagiannis, S. and Raab, R. (2018). Innovation and Inequality in the EU: For Better or For Worse? JRC Technical Reports, No. 29303.
  • Deskoska, E. and Vlckova, J. (2018). The Role of Technological Change in Income Inequality in the United States. Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, 26(1), 47-66.
  • Goda, T. (2017). A Comparative Review of the Role of Income Inequality in Economic Crisis Theories and Its Contribution to the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, 9(1), 151-174.
  • Guerriero, M. and Sen, K. (2012). What Determines the Share of Laboor in National Income? A Cross-Country Analysis. IZA Discussion Papers, No. 6643.
  • Jaumotte, F., Lall, S. and Papageorgiou, C. (2013). Rising Income Inequality: Technology or Trade and Financial Globalization? IMF Economic Review, 61(2), 271-309.
  • Kharlamova, G., Stavytskyy, A. and Zarotiadis, G. (2018). The Impact of Technological Changes on Income Inequality: The EU States Case Study. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 76-94.
  • Koenker, R. (2005). Quantile Regression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koenker, R. and Bassett, G. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
  • Kolsuz, G. ve Yeldan, A. E. (2014). 1980 Sonrası Türkiye Ekonomisinde Büyümenin Kaynaklarının Ayrıştırılması. Çalışma ve Toplum, 40(1), 49-66.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45, 1-28.
  • Kuznets, S. (1963). Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: Viii. Distribution of Income by Size. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 11, 1-80.
  • Lansing, K. J. and Markiewicz, A. (2011). Technology Diffusion and Increasing Income Inequality.https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cdma/conf11papers/Agnieszka Markiewicz.pdf Son erişim tarihi, 30.04.2021.
  • Lee, J. W. and Lee, H. (2018). Human Capital and Income Inequality. ADBI Working Paper Series, No. 810.
  • Lehman, T. E. (2004). Technological Change, Economic Growth, and Income Inequality: MSA Evidence from the 1990s. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, No. 813.
  • Marx, K. (1890 [2019]). Kapital: Ekonomi Politiğin Eleştirisi. I. Cilt, 12. Basım, Çev. M Selik ve N. Satlıgan, İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Mason, P. (2010). Çalışarak Yaşamak ya da Savaşarak Ölmek: Küresel İşçi Sınıfı Nasıl Oluştu? İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Naude, W. and Nagler, P. (2016). Is Technological Innovation Making Society More Uneqaul? https://unu.edu/publications/articles/is-technological-innovation-making-society-more-unequal.html, Son erişim tarihi, 01.04.2021.
  • Palley, T. I. (2002). Economic Contradictions Coming Home to Roost? Does the U.S. Economy Face Long-Term Aggregate Demand Generation Problem? Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 25(1), 9-32.
  • Prettner, K. and Strulik, H. (2020). Innovation, Automation, and Inequality: Policy Challenges in the Race Against the Machine. Journal of Monetary Economics, 116, 249-265.
  • Saygılı, Ş., Cihan, C. ve Yurtoğlu, H. (2005). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Sermaye Birikimi, Verimlilik ve Büyüme: 1972-2003. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Ekonomik Modeller ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, No. 2686.
  • Singh, A. and Dhumale, R. (2000). Globalization, Technology and Income Inequality: A Critical Analysis. UNI-WIDER Working Paper, No. 210.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Stockhammer, E. (2013). Why Have Wage Shares Fallen? A Panel Analysis of the Determinants of Functional Income Distribution. International Labour Office Conditions of Work and Employment Branch Series, No. 35.
  • Suphannachart, W. (2019). Effects of Technological Changes on Income Inequality in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Economics, 7(2), 85-106.
  • Tinbergen, J. (1975). Income Differences: Recent Research. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
  • Tunalı, H. and Şahan, F. (2016). Income Inequality and Innovativeness: An Application for European Countries. İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 66(1), 67-82.
  • United Nations (2020). World Social Report 2020: Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World. Department of Economics and Social Affairs.
  • Wang, X. (2020). Empirical Research on Technological Progress and Income Gap. The 4th International Conference on Business and Information Management Proceedings, 54-58. Zhang, X., Wan, G., Wang, C. and Luo, Z. (2017). Technical Change and Income Inequality in China. The World Economy, 40(11), 2378-2402.
Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 74, 1797 - 1832, 11.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1141940

Abstract

References

  • Aghion, P., Akcigit, U., Bergeaud, A., Blundell, R. and Hemous, D. (2019). Innovation and Top Income Inequality. The Review of Economic Studies, 86(1), 1-45.
  • Arda Özalp, L. F. ve Özalp, H. (2017). Gelir Eşitsizliği ve Teknoloji: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Perspektif. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(59), 338-353.
  • Bellais, R. (2004). Post Keynesian Theory, Technology Policy, and Long-Term Growth. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 26(3), 419-440.
  • Benos, N. and Tsiachtsiras, G. (2019). Innovation and Income Inequality: World Evidence. MPRA Working Paper, No. 92050.
  • Brugger, F. and Gehrke, C. (2018). Skilling and Deskilling: Technological Change in Classical Economic Theory and Its Empirical Evidence. Theory and Society, 47, 663-689.
  • Bükey, A. M. ve Akgül, O. (2019). Teknoloji Transferinin Gelir Dağılımına Olan Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 1-8.
  • Carvalho, L. and Guilmi, C. D. (2020). Technological Unemployment and Income Inequality: A Stock-Flow Consistent Agent-Based Approach. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 30, 39-73.
  • Çetin, M., Demir, H. and Saygın, S. (2021). Financial Development, Technological Innovation and Income Inequality: Time Series Evidence from Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 156, 47-69.
  • Çoban, S. and Marangoz, C. (2019). Causality Relationship between Technological Development, Income Distribution and Poverty: Evidence from Level-1 Regions of Turkey. Çoban, S., Dalpour, S. W., Marangoz, C. and Bulut, E. (Eds.), In Recent Economic Approaches and Financial Corporate Policy (pp. 13-30), London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • Daud, S. N. M., Ahmad, A. H. and Ngah, W. A. S. W. (2020). Financialization, Digital Technology and Income Inequality. Applied Economics Letters, DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2020.1808165
  • De Palo, C., Karagiannis, S. and Raab, R. (2018). Innovation and Inequality in the EU: For Better or For Worse? JRC Technical Reports, No. 29303.
  • Deskoska, E. and Vlckova, J. (2018). The Role of Technological Change in Income Inequality in the United States. Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, 26(1), 47-66.
  • Goda, T. (2017). A Comparative Review of the Role of Income Inequality in Economic Crisis Theories and Its Contribution to the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, 9(1), 151-174.
  • Guerriero, M. and Sen, K. (2012). What Determines the Share of Laboor in National Income? A Cross-Country Analysis. IZA Discussion Papers, No. 6643.
  • Jaumotte, F., Lall, S. and Papageorgiou, C. (2013). Rising Income Inequality: Technology or Trade and Financial Globalization? IMF Economic Review, 61(2), 271-309.
  • Kharlamova, G., Stavytskyy, A. and Zarotiadis, G. (2018). The Impact of Technological Changes on Income Inequality: The EU States Case Study. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 76-94.
  • Koenker, R. (2005). Quantile Regression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koenker, R. and Bassett, G. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
  • Kolsuz, G. ve Yeldan, A. E. (2014). 1980 Sonrası Türkiye Ekonomisinde Büyümenin Kaynaklarının Ayrıştırılması. Çalışma ve Toplum, 40(1), 49-66.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45, 1-28.
  • Kuznets, S. (1963). Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: Viii. Distribution of Income by Size. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 11, 1-80.
  • Lansing, K. J. and Markiewicz, A. (2011). Technology Diffusion and Increasing Income Inequality.https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cdma/conf11papers/Agnieszka Markiewicz.pdf Son erişim tarihi, 30.04.2021.
  • Lee, J. W. and Lee, H. (2018). Human Capital and Income Inequality. ADBI Working Paper Series, No. 810.
  • Lehman, T. E. (2004). Technological Change, Economic Growth, and Income Inequality: MSA Evidence from the 1990s. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, No. 813.
  • Marx, K. (1890 [2019]). Kapital: Ekonomi Politiğin Eleştirisi. I. Cilt, 12. Basım, Çev. M Selik ve N. Satlıgan, İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Mason, P. (2010). Çalışarak Yaşamak ya da Savaşarak Ölmek: Küresel İşçi Sınıfı Nasıl Oluştu? İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Naude, W. and Nagler, P. (2016). Is Technological Innovation Making Society More Uneqaul? https://unu.edu/publications/articles/is-technological-innovation-making-society-more-unequal.html, Son erişim tarihi, 01.04.2021.
  • Palley, T. I. (2002). Economic Contradictions Coming Home to Roost? Does the U.S. Economy Face Long-Term Aggregate Demand Generation Problem? Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 25(1), 9-32.
  • Prettner, K. and Strulik, H. (2020). Innovation, Automation, and Inequality: Policy Challenges in the Race Against the Machine. Journal of Monetary Economics, 116, 249-265.
  • Saygılı, Ş., Cihan, C. ve Yurtoğlu, H. (2005). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Sermaye Birikimi, Verimlilik ve Büyüme: 1972-2003. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Ekonomik Modeller ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, No. 2686.
  • Singh, A. and Dhumale, R. (2000). Globalization, Technology and Income Inequality: A Critical Analysis. UNI-WIDER Working Paper, No. 210.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Stockhammer, E. (2013). Why Have Wage Shares Fallen? A Panel Analysis of the Determinants of Functional Income Distribution. International Labour Office Conditions of Work and Employment Branch Series, No. 35.
  • Suphannachart, W. (2019). Effects of Technological Changes on Income Inequality in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Economics, 7(2), 85-106.
  • Tinbergen, J. (1975). Income Differences: Recent Research. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
  • Tunalı, H. and Şahan, F. (2016). Income Inequality and Innovativeness: An Application for European Countries. İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 66(1), 67-82.
  • United Nations (2020). World Social Report 2020: Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World. Department of Economics and Social Affairs.
  • Wang, X. (2020). Empirical Research on Technological Progress and Income Gap. The 4th International Conference on Business and Information Management Proceedings, 54-58. Zhang, X., Wan, G., Wang, C. and Luo, Z. (2017). Technical Change and Income Inequality in China. The World Economy, 40(11), 2378-2402.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gönül Yüce Akıncı This is me 0000-0002-5900-7114

Merter Akıncı This is me 0000-0002-5449-0207

Ömer Yılmaz This is me 0000-0002-2951-8749

Publication Date July 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 74

Cite

APA Yüce Akıncı, G., Akıncı, M., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2022). Teknolojik Gelişme ve Fonksiyonel Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Kantil Regresyon Analizi. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 3(74), 1797-1832. https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1141940

muratozverister@gmail.com
dergicalismavetoplum@gmail.com
www.calismatoplum.org