Covid-19 Salgını, İş ve Aile Yaşamını Uzlaştırma ve Toplumsal Cinsiyete Dayalı Eşitsizlikler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 71, 2813 - 2838, 01.01.2021

Başak Akkan Zeynep Kesici

Abstract

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 12 Mart 2020’de COVID-19’u salgın ilan etti. Salgın yarattığı ekonomik ve toplumsal tahribat ile birlikte içinde bulunduğumuz dünya düzenine dair birçok soruyu beraberinde getirdi. Kapitalizmin dönüşümü, refah devletlerinin toplumsal ve ekonomik riskler ile mücadeledeki tutumları ve acil önlem politikaları tüm ülkelerin gündeminde ön sıralarda yer almaya devam ediyor. Salgının gerek sağlık açısından gerekse sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan toplumun her kesimini eşit derecede etkilemediği; toplumsal cinsiyet, emek piyasası ve sosyal güvenlik gibi çeşitli alanlarda halihazırda var olan eşitsizlikleri belirginleştirdiği, güçlendirdiği ve dolayısıyla kırılgan gruplar üzerindeki baskıyı artırdığı söylenebilir. Salgın sürecinde kadınların emek piyasası ile zayıflayan ilişkileri ve artan bakım yükleri de gerek uluslararası kurumların raporlarında gerekse akademik çalışmalarda yoğunluklu olarak dile getiriliyor. Salgın koşulları dikkate alındığında toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini gözeten, iş ve aile yaşamının uzlaştırılmasını salgın koşullarında öncelikli hale getiren hükümet politikalarının da kadınların durumlarını toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri bağlamında belirler nitelikte olduğu savunulabilir. Bu bağlamda, salgının toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini arttırıcı etkisini iş ve aile yaşamını uzlaştırma odağında inceleyen makale, dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde salgının yarattığı olumsuz etkilere karşı toplumsal cinsiyet temelli politikaları odağına alıyor. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kırılgan gruplar arasında yer alan kadınların salgın bağlamında emek piyasası ile zayıflayan ilişkilerini ve artan ev içi emek yükünü dikkate alan bir tartışma ortaya koyuyor

Keywords

“Kadın”, “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği”, “Covid19”, “Emek Piyasası”, “İş ve Aile Yaşamını Uzlaştırma”, “Bakım Yükü”

COVID-19 Pandemic, Work and Family Reconciliation and Gender Inequalities: A Review

Abstract

The WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 12, 2020. Besides the economic and social devastation it caused, the pandemic has raised many questions concerning the current world order. The transformation of capitalism, the attitudes of welfare states in handling social and economic risks, and emergency measures are still at the forefront of the agenda. The pandemic did not impact all social segments equally, both in terms of health and social and economic aspects. It can be argued that the pandemic reveals and enforces already existing inequalities in various fields such as gender, labor market and social security, thus increasing the pressure on vulnerable groups. Women's weakening relations with the labor market and increasing care burden during the pandemic are also intensely expressed in the reports of international institutions and academic studies. Given these circumstances, it could be asserted that the government policies that favor gender equality and prioritize work and family reconciliation under the Covid-19 also determine the situation of women in terms of gender inequalities. In this context, this article examines the increasing effect of the Covid-19 on gender inequalities with a focus on work and family reconciliation and focuses on gender-based policies against the negative effects of the pandemic in different countries. It presents a discussion that concerns the weakening relations of women, who are amongst the most vulnerable groups in the world and Turkey, with the labor market and the increasing domestic care burden in the context of the pandemic

Keywords

“Woman”, “Gender Equality”, “Covid-19”, “Labour Market”, “Work and Family Reconciliation”, “Care Burden”

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