Social Welfare Regimes, Institutions and Inequality

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 80, 159 - 192, 24.10.2024

Mürüvvet Akar

https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1421774

Abstract

This study examines the effects of cross-country institutional differences on wage and income inequality through the social welfare regimes. In the literature, there are numerous studies investigating the impact of labour market institutions on inequality. However, there are relatively few studies examining whether there is a variation in inequality across different social welfare regimes. In fact, since the classifications of social welfare regimes are also based on institutions, it can be presumed a priori that different welfare regimes will create different levels of inequality. Using Esping-Andersen and Leibfried's classification of welfare regimes, this study employs panel data analysis to examine the impact of welfare regimes on inequality during two different periods: 1970-2015 and 1990-2015. The research findings indicate that both wage and income inequality are significantly lower in Social Democratic welfare regimes compared to other welfare regimes, while inequality is higher in liberal and Southern European welfare regimes. Consequently, countries' social welfare regimes are determinants of inequality, with lower levels of inequality observed in universalistic regimes, and higher levels in residual regimes.

Keywords

Welfare state, labour market institutions, wage inequality, income inequality.

Sosyal Refah Rejimleri, Kurumlar ve Eşitsizlik

Abstract

Bu çalışma ülkeler arası kurumsal farklılıkların ücret ve gelir eşitsizliğine etkilerini sosyal refah rejimleri üzerinden incelemektedir. Literatürde, işgücü piyasası kurumlarının eşitsizliğe etkilerini araştıran birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak farklı sosyal refah rejimlerinde eşitsizlikte bir farklılık olup olmadığını araştıran oldukça az çalışma mevcuttur. Aslında sosyal refah rejimleri sınıflandırmaları da kurumlara dayalı olarak yapıldığından önsel olarak farklı refah rejimlerinin farklı eşitsizlik düzeyleri yaratacağı düşünülebilir. Çalışmada Esping-Andersen ve Leibfried’in refah rejimleri sınıflandırmaları kullanılarak 1970-2015 ve 1990-2015 dönemleri olmak üzere iki farklı dönemde refah rejimlerinin eşitsizliğe etkisi panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre sosyal demokrat refah rejimlerinde hem ücret hem de gelir eşitsizliği diğer refah rejimlerine göre anlamlı şekilde daha düşükken liberal ve Güney Avrupa refah rejimlerinde eşitsizlik diğerlerine göre daha yüksektir. Sonuç olarak ülkelerin sosyal refah rejimleri eşitsizlik üzerinde belirleyicidir ve evrenselci rejimlerde eşitsizlik düzeyi düşükken, kalıntı rejimlerinde yüksektir.

Keywords

Refah devleti, emek piyasası kurumları, ücret eşitsizliği, gelir eşitsizliği

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