Optogenetik ve tıptaki uygulama alanları

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 11 - 18, 30.06.2021

Kayra Baybora Özer Zehra Göksu Ulusoy Kübra Akıllıoğlu

Abstract

Optogenetik; canlı hücre ve organizmalarda bilişsel, davranışsal ve moleküler olayları düzenleyen nöronları ışık ve genetik sayesinde modüle etmeye yarayan bir alandır. Genetik olarak ışığa duyarlı reseptör proteinler kullanılarak canlı doku ve hücrelerde belirli hücresel aktiviteleri izlemek için kullanılan optik ve moleküler stratejilerin sentezidir. Bu teknoloji belirli nöronların veya proteinlerin, canlıların sinirsel aktiviteleri üzerindeki rolünü esas alarak optik teknoloji ile birleştirilmesi sayesinde oluşmuştur. Optogenetik uygulamalar beynin çeşitli bölgelerindeki sinir yolaklarının işlevlerinde birtakım değişiklikler veya düzeltmeler yapmak için kullanılmaktadır. Nöromodülasyon çeşitli nörolojik rahatsızlıkların tedavisinde gelecek vaat eden bir teknik olarak kullanılmaktadır1. Son yıllarda ortaya çıkan bu optogenetik sinyal iletimi; gen ekspresyonu, hücre göçü, protein ve organellerle alakalı olayların ışık kullanılarak çeşitli moleküler ve hücresel süreçlerin değiştirilmesi ve düzenlenmesine imkan sağlamıştır

Keywords

optogenetik, tıp, uygulama

Optogenetics and application areas in medicine

Abstract

Optogenetics is a field that modulates neurons, which regulate cognitive, behavioral and molecular events in living cells and organisms, by means of light and genetics. It is the synthesis of optical and molecular strategies used to monitor certain cellular activities in living tissues and cells using genetically photosensitive receptor proteins. This technology is formed by combining certain neurons or proteins with optical technology based on the role of certain neurons in the neural activities of living things. Optogenetic applications are used to make some changes or corrections in the functions of nerve pathways in various parts of the brain. Neuromodulation is used as a promising technique in the treatment of various neurological disorders. This optogenetic signal transduction, gene expression, cell migration, protein and organelle-related events that have emerged in recent years have enabled the modification and regulation of various molecular and cellular processes using light.

Keywords

optogenetics, medicine, application

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