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Investigation of Acid Rock/Mine Drainage During of Feke/Adana Zinc Ore Mining Activities

Year 2021, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 347 - 358, 16.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.982771

Abstract

This study addresses the acid mine drainage problem that may cause from the activities of the “Underground Mine Ore Mine (Zinc mineralization)”, located in the 1/25.000 scale Kozan M35b4 map in the borders of Adana province, Feke county. By carrying out field and laboratory studies; Acid-Base Accounting (ABM) has been done through “Mineral paragenesis, chemical analyzes, Sludge pH tests, Acid-Base Calculation (ABH) interpretation parameters of Acid Generating Potential (AUP), Neutralization Potential (NP), Net Neutralization Potential (NetNP) and Neutralization Acid Base Accounting (ABM) by calculating potential rates (NPO)”. Mineralization is in semi-regular geometric form within the carbonate rocks belonging to the Middle-Upper Cambrian aged Değirmentaş formation due to faulting. Ore mineral paragenesis consists of hydrozincite (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6), zincite (ZnO), smithsonite (ZnCO3) hematite (Fe2O3), goethite (HFeO2-FeO (OH)), limonite (FeO (OH)nH2O) and a small amount of pyrite (FeS2) minerals. Sulfur values (S%) in the rock are in the range of 0.04-0.12%, and in the ore are of 0.13-0.39%. APP value range is 2.50-7.50 in the rock; 8.13-24.38, in the ore. NPR (Neutralization Potential Ratio) was determined in range of 64.05-188.92 in rock; 4.37-14.27 in the ore. Although all values meet the requirements, according to the statement “does not produce acid”, due to ore mechanism the situation should be considered as “critical” and relevant laws and regulations must be followed.

References

  • 1. Yörükoğlu, A., Karadeniz, M., 2003. Asit Maden Drenajı Kestirim Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması, Türkiye 18 Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi ve Sergisi- IMCET2003 & 2003, ISBN 975-395-606-1.
  • 2. Paine, P.J., 1987. An Historic and Geographical Overview of Acid Drainage, In Proceedings: Acid Mine Drainage Seminar/Workshop, Conservation and Protection Environment, Ontario, Canada, 1-45.
  • 3. Skousen, J.G., 1996. Acid Mine Drainage Control and Treatment (Compiled by J.G. Skousen and P.F. Ziemkiewicz), W.V. Univ. and N.M.L.R.C. 9-12.
  • 4. Balcı, Ç.N., Gül, S., Kılıç, M.M., Karagüler, N.G., Sarı, E., Sönmez, M.Ş., 2014. Balya (Balıkesir) Pb-Zn Madeni Atık Sahasının Biyojeokimyası ve Asidik Maden Drenajı Oluşumuna Etkileri, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 57(3), 1-24.
  • 5. Gray, N.F., 1997. Environmental Impack and Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage: A Management Problem, Environmental Geology, 30, (1/2), March, 62-71.
  • 6. Rötting, T.S., Caraballo, M.A., Serrano, J.A., Ayora, C., Carrera, J., 2008. Field Application of Calcite Dispersed Alkaline Substrate (Calcite-DAS) for Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage with High Al and Metal Concentrations. Applied Geochemistry, 23, 1660-1674.
  • 7. Caraballo, M.A., Rötting T.S., Macías F., Nieto J.M., Ayora, C., 2009. Field Multi-Step Limestone and Mgo Passive System to Treat Acid Mine Drainage with High Metal Concentrations. Applied Geochemistry, 24, 2301-2311.
  • 8. Delibalta, M.S., Uzal, N., Lermi, A., 2016. Acid Mine Drainage and Rehabilitation in Ilgın Lignite Mines Lakes. Nigde University Journal of Engineering Sciences 5(1), 73-82.
  • 9. Berghorn, G.H., Hunzeker G.R., 2001. Passive Treatment Alternatives for Remediating Abandoned-mine Drainage. Remediation 11, 111-127.
  • 10. Marchand L., Mench M., Jacob D.L., Otte M.L., 2010. Metal and Metalloid Removal in Constructed Wetlands, with Emphasis on the Importance of Plants and Standardized Measurements: A Review. Environmental Pollution, 158, 3447-3461.
  • 11. Lottermoser B.G., Ashley P.M., 2011. Trace Element Uptake by Eleocharis Equisetina (Spike Rush) in an Abandoned Acid Mine Tailings Pond, Northeastern Australia: Implications for Land and Water Reclamation in Tropical Regions. Environmental Pollution, 159, 3028-3035.
  • 12. Akaryalı, E., Gücer, M.A., Alemdağ, S., 2018. Atık Barajı Rezervuarı ve Cevher Stok Alanlarında Asit Maden Drenajı (AMD) Oluşumunun Değerlendirilmesi: Gümüşhane Örneği, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 4(2), 192-209, Doi:10.21324/dacd.415259.
  • 13. Alemdağ S., Akayalı, E., Gücer, M.A., 2020a. Flotasyon Tesis Atıklarının Asit Üretme Potansiyeli ve Kirliliğin Önlenmesi, Gümüşhane, KD Türkiye, Yerbilimleri, 41(1) 56-85, DOI: 10.17824.
  • 14. Alemdağ, S., Akaryalı, E., Gücer, M.A., 2020b. Prediction of Mine Drainage Generation Potential and the Prevention Method in the Gümüşköy (Kütahya) Mineralization Area, NW-Turkey. Journal of Mountain Science, 17(10), 2387-2404.
  • 15. Gücer, M.A., Alemdağ, S., Akaryalı, E., 2020. Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage Formation Using Geochemical and Static Tests in Mutki (Bitlis, SE Turkey) Mineralization Area. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 29(7), 1189-1210.
  • 16. Miller, S.D., 1996. Advances in Acid Mine Drainage: Prediction and Implication for Risk Management. Proceeding of the 3rd International and 21st Annual Minerals Council of Australia Environmental Workshop. 149-157.
  • 17. Morin, K.A., Hutt, N.M., 1997. Environmental Geochemistry of Minesite Drainage; Practical Theory and Case Studies. Canada, 333.
  • 18. White, W.W.III., Lapokko, K.A., Cox, R.L., 1999. Static Test Methods Most Commonly Used to Predict Acid Mine Drainage: Practical, Guidelines for Use and Interpratation. 325-338.
  • 19. Paktunç, A.D., 1999. Minerological Constrains on the Determination of Neutralization Potential and Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage. Environmental Geology. 38, 82-84.
  • 20. Jambor, J.L., Dutrizac, J.E., Chen, T.T., 2000. Statik Testlerde Belirli Minerallerin Nötralizasyon Potansiyeline Katkıları. 551-565. In Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Acid Rock Drainage, Denver. 21–24 Cilt. 1. Soc. Madencilik Metal. Keşfedin, Littleton, CO.
  • 21. Jambor, J.L., Dutrizac. J.E., 2002. Asit Drenajının Statik Test Tahminlerinde Partikül Boyutunun Nötralizasyon Potansiyeli Üzerindeki Etkisi, 651- 663.
  • 22. Weber, P.A., Hughesu, J.B., Conner, L.B., Lindsay, P., Smart, R.C., 2006. Shortterm Acid Rock Drainage Characteristics Determined by Paste Ph and Kinetic Nag Testing: Cypress Prospect, New Zealand.
  • 23. Özgül, N., Kozlu, H., 2002. Kozan-Feke (Doğu Toroslar) Yöresinin Stratigrafisi ve Yapısal Konumu ile İlgili Bulgular, Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 14(1), 1-36.
  • 24. Ayhan, A., 1988. 1/100.000 Ölçekli Açınsama Nitelikli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları Serisi, Kozan- J21 paftası, MTA yayınları, Ankara.
  • 25. Ata, E., 2005. Divriği-Pınargözü (Sivas), Hekimhan (Malatya), Attepe (Kayseri) ve Feke (Adana) Demir Cevherleşmelerindeki Hematitlerin Karşılaştırmalı Jeokimyasal İncelenmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 95.
  • 26. Ferguson, K.D., Morin, K.A., 1991. The Prediction of Acid Rock Drainage-Lessons from the Database. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ICARD, vol 1-4. Montréal, QC, Canada, 83-106.
  • 27. Sobek, A.A., Schuller, W.A., Freeman, J.R., Smith, R.M., 1978. Field and Laboratory Methods Applicable to Overburdens and Minesoils. EPA-600/2-78-054. US Govt Printing Office, Washington, DC.
  • 28. Brodie, M.J., Broughton L, M., Robertson A., 1991. A Conceptual Rock Classification System for Waste Management and Laboratory Method for Ard Prediction from Rock Piles, Second Internetional Conference on the Abatement of Acid Drainage, Vol,3 Montreal, Quebec, September 16-18, MEND Program Ed- Quebec Mining Association, Otawa, 119-135.
  • 29. Lapakko, K., 1992. Characterization and Static Testing of Ten Gold Mine Tailings. Proceedings America Society of Mining and Reclamation, 370-384.
  • 30. Price, W.A., Errington, J., Koyanagi, V., 1997. Guidelines for the Prediction of Acid Rock Drainage and Metal Leaching for Mines in British Columbia: Part I. General Procedures and Information Requirements. In: Proc, 4th ICARD, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, 1, 1-14.
  • 31. Soregaroli, B.A, Lawrence, R.W., 1998. Update on Waste Characterisation Studies. In: Proceedings Mine Design, Operations and Closure Conference, Polson, MT, USA.

Adana-Feke Yöresi Yeraltı Çinko Cevherleşmesinin Asit Maden Drenajı Oluşumuna Yönelik Kestirimlerinin Araştırılması

Year 2021, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 347 - 358, 16.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.982771

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Adana ili, Feke ilçesi sınırlarında 1/25.000 ölçekli Kozan M35b4 paftası içinde bulunan “Kapalı İşletme Cevher Maden Ocağı (Çinko cevherleşmesi)” faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanabilecek asit maden drenaj sorununu ele almaktadır. Saha ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda; mineral parajenezleri, kimyasal analizler, Çamur pH deneyleri, Asit-Baz Hesabı (ABH) yorum parametreleri olan Asit Üretme Potansiyeli (AÜP), Nötürleştirme Potansiyeli (NP), Net Nötürleşme Potansiyeli (NetNP) ve Nötürleşme Potansiyel oranları (NPO) hesaplanarak Asit Baz Muhasebesi (ABM) yapılmıştır. Cevherleşme, faylanmalara bağlı olarak Orta-Üst Kambriyen yaşlı Değirmentaş formasyonuna ait karbonatlı kayaçlar içerisinde yarı düzenli geometrik formda gözlenmiştir. Cevher mineral parajenezleri; hidrozinkit (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6), zinkit (ZnO), smitsonit (ZnCO3) hematit (Fe2O3), götit (HFeO2- FeO(OH)), limonit (FeO(OH)·nH2O) ve az oranda pirit (FeS2) minerallerinden oluşmaktadır. Kayaç içerisinde kükürt değerleri (%S) 0,04-0,12, cevherde kükürt değerleri ise %0,13-0,39 aralığında tespit edilmiştir. AÜP değeri kayaçta; 2,50-7,50, cevherde; 8,13-24,38 arasında bulunmuştur. NPO (Nötürleştirme Potansiyel Oranı) kayaçta; 64,05-188,92, cevherde; 4,37-14,27 aralığında saptanmıştır. Her ne kadar tüm değerler ‘asit üretmez’ şartını sağlamakta ise de cevher mekanizması gereği durum “kritik” olarak ele alınmalı ve ilgili yasa ve yönetmeliklere uyulmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Yörükoğlu, A., Karadeniz, M., 2003. Asit Maden Drenajı Kestirim Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması, Türkiye 18 Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi ve Sergisi- IMCET2003 & 2003, ISBN 975-395-606-1.
  • 2. Paine, P.J., 1987. An Historic and Geographical Overview of Acid Drainage, In Proceedings: Acid Mine Drainage Seminar/Workshop, Conservation and Protection Environment, Ontario, Canada, 1-45.
  • 3. Skousen, J.G., 1996. Acid Mine Drainage Control and Treatment (Compiled by J.G. Skousen and P.F. Ziemkiewicz), W.V. Univ. and N.M.L.R.C. 9-12.
  • 4. Balcı, Ç.N., Gül, S., Kılıç, M.M., Karagüler, N.G., Sarı, E., Sönmez, M.Ş., 2014. Balya (Balıkesir) Pb-Zn Madeni Atık Sahasının Biyojeokimyası ve Asidik Maden Drenajı Oluşumuna Etkileri, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 57(3), 1-24.
  • 5. Gray, N.F., 1997. Environmental Impack and Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage: A Management Problem, Environmental Geology, 30, (1/2), March, 62-71.
  • 6. Rötting, T.S., Caraballo, M.A., Serrano, J.A., Ayora, C., Carrera, J., 2008. Field Application of Calcite Dispersed Alkaline Substrate (Calcite-DAS) for Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage with High Al and Metal Concentrations. Applied Geochemistry, 23, 1660-1674.
  • 7. Caraballo, M.A., Rötting T.S., Macías F., Nieto J.M., Ayora, C., 2009. Field Multi-Step Limestone and Mgo Passive System to Treat Acid Mine Drainage with High Metal Concentrations. Applied Geochemistry, 24, 2301-2311.
  • 8. Delibalta, M.S., Uzal, N., Lermi, A., 2016. Acid Mine Drainage and Rehabilitation in Ilgın Lignite Mines Lakes. Nigde University Journal of Engineering Sciences 5(1), 73-82.
  • 9. Berghorn, G.H., Hunzeker G.R., 2001. Passive Treatment Alternatives for Remediating Abandoned-mine Drainage. Remediation 11, 111-127.
  • 10. Marchand L., Mench M., Jacob D.L., Otte M.L., 2010. Metal and Metalloid Removal in Constructed Wetlands, with Emphasis on the Importance of Plants and Standardized Measurements: A Review. Environmental Pollution, 158, 3447-3461.
  • 11. Lottermoser B.G., Ashley P.M., 2011. Trace Element Uptake by Eleocharis Equisetina (Spike Rush) in an Abandoned Acid Mine Tailings Pond, Northeastern Australia: Implications for Land and Water Reclamation in Tropical Regions. Environmental Pollution, 159, 3028-3035.
  • 12. Akaryalı, E., Gücer, M.A., Alemdağ, S., 2018. Atık Barajı Rezervuarı ve Cevher Stok Alanlarında Asit Maden Drenajı (AMD) Oluşumunun Değerlendirilmesi: Gümüşhane Örneği, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 4(2), 192-209, Doi:10.21324/dacd.415259.
  • 13. Alemdağ S., Akayalı, E., Gücer, M.A., 2020a. Flotasyon Tesis Atıklarının Asit Üretme Potansiyeli ve Kirliliğin Önlenmesi, Gümüşhane, KD Türkiye, Yerbilimleri, 41(1) 56-85, DOI: 10.17824.
  • 14. Alemdağ, S., Akaryalı, E., Gücer, M.A., 2020b. Prediction of Mine Drainage Generation Potential and the Prevention Method in the Gümüşköy (Kütahya) Mineralization Area, NW-Turkey. Journal of Mountain Science, 17(10), 2387-2404.
  • 15. Gücer, M.A., Alemdağ, S., Akaryalı, E., 2020. Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage Formation Using Geochemical and Static Tests in Mutki (Bitlis, SE Turkey) Mineralization Area. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 29(7), 1189-1210.
  • 16. Miller, S.D., 1996. Advances in Acid Mine Drainage: Prediction and Implication for Risk Management. Proceeding of the 3rd International and 21st Annual Minerals Council of Australia Environmental Workshop. 149-157.
  • 17. Morin, K.A., Hutt, N.M., 1997. Environmental Geochemistry of Minesite Drainage; Practical Theory and Case Studies. Canada, 333.
  • 18. White, W.W.III., Lapokko, K.A., Cox, R.L., 1999. Static Test Methods Most Commonly Used to Predict Acid Mine Drainage: Practical, Guidelines for Use and Interpratation. 325-338.
  • 19. Paktunç, A.D., 1999. Minerological Constrains on the Determination of Neutralization Potential and Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage. Environmental Geology. 38, 82-84.
  • 20. Jambor, J.L., Dutrizac, J.E., Chen, T.T., 2000. Statik Testlerde Belirli Minerallerin Nötralizasyon Potansiyeline Katkıları. 551-565. In Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Acid Rock Drainage, Denver. 21–24 Cilt. 1. Soc. Madencilik Metal. Keşfedin, Littleton, CO.
  • 21. Jambor, J.L., Dutrizac. J.E., 2002. Asit Drenajının Statik Test Tahminlerinde Partikül Boyutunun Nötralizasyon Potansiyeli Üzerindeki Etkisi, 651- 663.
  • 22. Weber, P.A., Hughesu, J.B., Conner, L.B., Lindsay, P., Smart, R.C., 2006. Shortterm Acid Rock Drainage Characteristics Determined by Paste Ph and Kinetic Nag Testing: Cypress Prospect, New Zealand.
  • 23. Özgül, N., Kozlu, H., 2002. Kozan-Feke (Doğu Toroslar) Yöresinin Stratigrafisi ve Yapısal Konumu ile İlgili Bulgular, Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 14(1), 1-36.
  • 24. Ayhan, A., 1988. 1/100.000 Ölçekli Açınsama Nitelikli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları Serisi, Kozan- J21 paftası, MTA yayınları, Ankara.
  • 25. Ata, E., 2005. Divriği-Pınargözü (Sivas), Hekimhan (Malatya), Attepe (Kayseri) ve Feke (Adana) Demir Cevherleşmelerindeki Hematitlerin Karşılaştırmalı Jeokimyasal İncelenmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 95.
  • 26. Ferguson, K.D., Morin, K.A., 1991. The Prediction of Acid Rock Drainage-Lessons from the Database. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ICARD, vol 1-4. Montréal, QC, Canada, 83-106.
  • 27. Sobek, A.A., Schuller, W.A., Freeman, J.R., Smith, R.M., 1978. Field and Laboratory Methods Applicable to Overburdens and Minesoils. EPA-600/2-78-054. US Govt Printing Office, Washington, DC.
  • 28. Brodie, M.J., Broughton L, M., Robertson A., 1991. A Conceptual Rock Classification System for Waste Management and Laboratory Method for Ard Prediction from Rock Piles, Second Internetional Conference on the Abatement of Acid Drainage, Vol,3 Montreal, Quebec, September 16-18, MEND Program Ed- Quebec Mining Association, Otawa, 119-135.
  • 29. Lapakko, K., 1992. Characterization and Static Testing of Ten Gold Mine Tailings. Proceedings America Society of Mining and Reclamation, 370-384.
  • 30. Price, W.A., Errington, J., Koyanagi, V., 1997. Guidelines for the Prediction of Acid Rock Drainage and Metal Leaching for Mines in British Columbia: Part I. General Procedures and Information Requirements. In: Proc, 4th ICARD, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, 1, 1-14.
  • 31. Soregaroli, B.A, Lawrence, R.W., 1998. Update on Waste Characterisation Studies. In: Proceedings Mine Design, Operations and Closure Conference, Polson, MT, USA.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nil Yapıcı This is me 0000-0001-9761-9122

Hakan Güneyli This is me 0000-0002-8707-762X

Publication Date August 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 36 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yapıcı, N., & Güneyli, H. (2021). Adana-Feke Yöresi Yeraltı Çinko Cevherleşmesinin Asit Maden Drenajı Oluşumuna Yönelik Kestirimlerinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(2), 347-358. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.982771