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Çim Bitkileriyle Sürdürülebilir Peyzajlar Oluşturulması

Year 2017, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 187 - 193, 24.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.308379

Abstract

Çim alanlar, sağladıkları sosyal fiziksel ve ekonomik değerlerle peyzaj
alanlarının önemli bileşenlerindendir. 
Yoğun yerleşimlerin yaşandığı kentsel alanlarda yeşil alanlara duyulan
ihtiyaç artmaya devam etmektedir. Ancak, çim alanların su kaynakları üzerinde
baskı oluşturduğuna dair genel bir kanının varlığı, çim bitkileri üzerinde de
negative bir çevresel algının oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Çim bitkilerinin
genellikle su kaybına neden olduğu kanısından dolayı uygun olarak
nitelendirilmemektedir. Fakat birçok çim türü bu kanının aksine uzun dönem
susuz hayatta kalma yeteneğine sahiptirler. Çim alanların sulama ve diğer
yönetim girdilerinin azaltılması ve su kaynakları üzerindeki baskının
hafifletilmesi için birçok strateji mevcuttur. Yerel ve adaptasyon kabiliyeti
yüksek çim türlerinin kullanılması uygun bir çözüm yolu olarak görülmektedir.
Son yıllarda kentsel alanlarda doğal türlerin kullanılması konusunda artan bir
ilginin varolduğu bilinmektedir. Sıcak geçen yaz mevsimi, kıt su kaynakları,
kuraklık ve tuzluluktan kaynaklanan stres dolayısıyla serin-iklim çim türleri
Akdeniz iklimine iyi adapte olamamaktadır. Bu nedenle, Akdeniz bölgesinde
kurağa dayanımı ve adaptasyon kabiliyeti yüksek sıcak iklim çim tür/çeşitleri
tercih edilmelidir. Yerel Bermuda çimi çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi için,
Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesi boyunca Bermuda çimi genotipleri toplanmış ve
kurağa dayanımları, kaliteleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmalardan elde edilen
sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, yarıkurak iklimlerde sürdürülebilir peyzajlar
oluşturmak için çok sayıda çim bitkisi türü/çeşidi ve gen kaynaklarının
kullanılması büyük potansiyeller sunmaktadır. 

References

  • [1]. Beard, J. and Green, R.L. (1993) 'Turfgrass and Golf Course benefits-A Scientific Assessment’, in USGA Green Section Record, 23(3), 26-30.
  • [2]. Beard, J. and Green, R.L. (1994) 'The role of turfgrasses in environmental protection and their benefits to humans' in J.Environ. Qual. 23, 452-460.
  • [3]. Maller, C., Townsend, M., Brown, P. and Leger, St. L. (2002) Healthy Parks Healthy People -The Health Benefits of Contact with Nature in a Park Context – A Review of Current Literature. Deakin University and Parks Victoria. Social and Mental Health Priority Area Occasional Paper Series 1. 86pp.
  • [4]. Ulrich, R.S. (1984) ‘View through a window may influence recovery from surgery’, Science, 224, 420-421.
  • [5]. Pretty J, Peacock J, Hine R, Sellens M, South N and Griffin M. (2007). 'Green Exercise in the UK Countryside: Effects on Health and Psychological Well-Being, and Implications for Policy and Planning' in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 50(2), 211-231.
  • [6]. Herzele, A.V. and Wiedemann, T. (2003) ‘A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attractive urban green spaces’ in Landscape and Urban Planning 63, 109–126.
  • [7]. Hartig, T., Evansb, G.W., Jamnerc, L.D., Davisd, D.S. and Garling, T. (2003) ‘Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings’, in Journal of Environmental Psychology 23, 109–123.
  • [8]. Richardson, M.D., Karcher, D.E., Hignight, K.W. and Rush, D. (2009) ‘Turfgrass cultivars for water limited Environments’ in Proceedings from the International Workshop on Summer Dormancy in Grasses-coping with increasing aridity and heat under climate change, April 6-8, Ardmore, OK.
  • [9]. Robbins, P. and Sharp, J. (2003) ‘Producing and consuming Chemicals: The moral economy of the American lawn’ in Economic Geography, 79, 425-451.
  • [10]. Cisar, J.L. (2004) 'Managing Turf Sustainably, New directions for a diverse planet’ in Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress,26 Sept-1 Oct, Brisbane, Australia.
  • [11]. Higginson, R. and McMaugh, P. (2008) ‘The Environmental, Social, Economic and Health Benefits of Turfgrasses’ A literature Review in Final Report, Project No.TU07034, Horticulture Australia LTD.
  • [12]. Rogers, W. (1991) ‘Turf’s Role in Today’s Multi-use Landscape Designs – An Architect’s Viewpoint’ in Journal of Environmental Turfgrass 3(1): 3.
  • [13]. Denly, E., Rutkowski, K. and Vetrano, K.M. (2008) A Review of the Potential Health and Safety Risks from Synthetic Turf Fields containing Crumb Rubber Infill. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, USA. 200pp.
  • [14]. Health Alert Network (2008 ) Potential Exposure to Lead in Artificial Turf: Public Health Issues, Actions and Recommendations. Health Alert Network Press Release of June 18th.
  • [15]. Beard, J.B and Kenna, M.P. (2008) Water Quality and Quantity Issues for Turfgrasses in Urban Landscapes. Iowa: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Special Publication, No.27, 298pp.
  • [16]. Clark, J.M. and Kenna, M.P. (2000) 'Fate and Management of Turfgrass Chemicals', in ACS Symposium No.743, the American Chemical Society, Washington, DC., pp.480.
  • [17]. Koehler, F.A., Humenik, F.J., Johnson, D.D., Kreglow J.M., Dressing, S.A. and Maas, R.P. (1982) Best management practices for agricultural nonpoint source control: II. Commercial Fertilizer. USDA Coop. Agree. 12-05-300-472. USEPA Interagency Agree. AD-12-F-0-037-0. North Carolina Agric. Ext. Serv., Raleigh, NC.
  • [18]. Jenkins, V.S. (1994) The lawn: A history of an American Obsession. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press.
  • [19]. Johnson, P.G. (2008) Native Grasses as Drought-Tolerant Turfgrasses of the Future, in Pessarakli, M. (ed.) Handbook of Turfgrass Management and Physiology. Boca Raton, FL:Taylor and Francis Group.
  • [20]. Park, D. M., Cisar, J. L., Snyder, G. H., Erickson, J. E., Daroub, S. H. and Williams, K. E. (2005) 'Comparison of actual and predicted water budgets from two contrasting residential landscapes in South Florida', in International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 10, 885-889.
  • [21]. Martin, P.M. (2004) ‘The potential of native grasses for use as managed turf’ in Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. Brisbane, Australia. 26 Sep to 10 Oct, pp.17.
  • [22]. Croce, P., De Luca, A., Mocioni, M. Volterrani, M., and Beard, J.B. (2001) ‘Warm-season turfgrass species and cultivar characterizations for a Mediterranean climate’ in Intl. Turf. Soc. Res. J. 9:855–859.
  • [23]. Volterrani, M., Grossi N., Pardini,G., Miele, S., Gaetani, M. and Magni, S. (1997) ‘Warm season turfgrass adaptation’ in Italy. Intl. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 8, 1344–1354.
  • [24]. Bormann, F.H. and Balmori, D. (1993) Redesigning the American lawn. Yale Univ. Press, Binghamton, NY.
  • [25]. Brian, I., Bravdo,B., Bushkin-Harav, I. and Rawitz, E. (1981) ‘ Water consumption and growth rate of 11 turfgrasses as affected by mowing height, irrigation frequency, and soil moisture’, Agron. J. 73, 85-90.
  • [26]. Beard, J.B. (1989) ‘Turfgrass water stress: Drought resistance components, physiological mechanisms, and species-genotype’, in Takatoh H. (ed.). Proc. Intl. Turf Res. Conf., 6th, Tokyo, 31 July–5 Aug., Jpn. Soc. Turfgrass Sci., p. 23-28.
  • [27]. Moore, K.J., Boote, K.J. and Sanderson, M.A. (2004) Physiology and developmental morphology, In, Moser L.E., Burson, B.L. and Sollenberger, L.E. (eds.). Warm-season (C4) grasses. Monogr. No. 45. Amer. Soc. Agron., Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Madison, WI. pp. 179-216.
  • [28]. Wedin, D.A. (2004) C4 Grasses: Resource use, ecology and global change,.In, Moser L.E., Burson, B.L. and Sollenberger, L.E. (eds.). Warm-season (C4) grasses. Monogr. No. 45. Amer. Soc. Agron., Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Madison, WI. pp. 15-50.
  • [29]. Severmutlu, S., Mutlu, Shearman, R.C., Gurbuz, E. Gulsen, O., Hocagil, M., Karaguzel, O., Heng-Moss, T., Riordan, T.P. and Gaussoin, R.E. (2011a) ‘Establishment and Turf Qualities of Warm-season Turfgrasses in the Mediterranean Region’ in Horttechnology, 21(1), 67-81.
  • [30]. Severmutlu, S., Mutlu, N., Gurbuz, E. Gulsen, O., Hocagil, M., Karaguzel, O., Heng-Moss, T., Shearman, R.C. and Gaussoin, R.E. (2011b) ‘Drought Resistance of Warm-season Turfgrasses Grown in Mediterranean Region of Turkey’ in Horttechnology, 21(6), 726-736. [31]. Short, D.C. and Colmer, T.D. (2007) ‘Development and use of a variable-speed lateral boom irrigation system to definewater requirements of 11 turfgrass genotypes under field conditions’ in Aust. J. Exp. Agr. 47, 86–95.
  • [32]. Council of Australian Goverments (2004) National Water Initiative, http://www.coag.gov.au/meetings/25060/#nwi.
  • [33]. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (2010) Applicable rules for reuse projects, chap.62-610, Reuse of reclaimed water and land application, http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/reuse/index.html.
  • [34]. California State Water Resources Control Board (2011) Porter-Cologne Act provisions on reasonableness and reaclimation promotion. California Water Code, Section 13552-13577, http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_laws/index.html.
  • [35]. Pathan, S.M., Barton L. and Colmer, T.D. (2003) Evaluation of a soil moisture sensor to reduce water and nutrient leaching in turf. Project TU02006, Horticulture Australia Limited, Sydney, Australia.
  • [36]. Emekli, Y., Bastug, R., Buyuktas, D. and Emekli, N.Y. (2007) 'Evaluation of a crop water stress index for irrigation scheduling of bermudagrass' in Agricultural Water Management, 90, 205-212.
  • [37]. Short, D. and Colmer, T. (1999) ‘Update on WA water use study: a comparison of eleven turfgrass genotypes during the summer in Perth’ in Australian Turfgrass Management 1(5), Oct-Nov 1999.
  • [38]. Severmutlu, S., Mutlu, Gurbuz, and Riordan, T.P. (2012) ‘Effects of Seasonal Application of Trinexapac-Ethyl on Warm-season Turfgrass Species growth under Mediterranean Environment’ submitted.

Sustainable Landscaping with Turfgrasses

Year 2017, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 187 - 193, 24.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.308379

Abstract

Turfgrasses are an important component of the landscape adding social,
physical, and economic value to our lives. The demand for green space in
densely populated urban areas continues to rise. However, the general public
where turfgrass exacerbate pressure on available water resources, are prone to
develop a negative environmental perception for turfgrass. In general, turf
sites of urban cities cause considerable water consumption and therefore is not
considered sustainable. But many turfgrass species have the ability to survive
for extended periods without water. There are many strategies to reduce
irrigation and other management inputs on turfgrasses and hence to alleviate
pressure on fresh water resources caused by landscaping. Using native and well
adapted grass species may offer sustainable solution. Interest is in the rise
among landscape managers for native plants in urban landscaping in recent
years. Because of dry summers, limited water, high temperature stress and
salinity, it is both expensive and challenging to maintain traditionally used
cool-climate grasses not well adapted to Mediterranean region. Therefore,
several warm-climate turfgrass species/cultivars were compared for their
drought resistance and adaptability to the region. To develop native
bermudagrass cultivars, bermudagrass genotypes were collected from the
Mediterranean region of Turkey and were characterized for drought tolerance and
turf qualities. Results from these studies indicated that several turfgrass
species/cultivar and native germplasms offer great potential for use in
sustainable urban landscapes in semiarid climates. 

References

  • [1]. Beard, J. and Green, R.L. (1993) 'Turfgrass and Golf Course benefits-A Scientific Assessment’, in USGA Green Section Record, 23(3), 26-30.
  • [2]. Beard, J. and Green, R.L. (1994) 'The role of turfgrasses in environmental protection and their benefits to humans' in J.Environ. Qual. 23, 452-460.
  • [3]. Maller, C., Townsend, M., Brown, P. and Leger, St. L. (2002) Healthy Parks Healthy People -The Health Benefits of Contact with Nature in a Park Context – A Review of Current Literature. Deakin University and Parks Victoria. Social and Mental Health Priority Area Occasional Paper Series 1. 86pp.
  • [4]. Ulrich, R.S. (1984) ‘View through a window may influence recovery from surgery’, Science, 224, 420-421.
  • [5]. Pretty J, Peacock J, Hine R, Sellens M, South N and Griffin M. (2007). 'Green Exercise in the UK Countryside: Effects on Health and Psychological Well-Being, and Implications for Policy and Planning' in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 50(2), 211-231.
  • [6]. Herzele, A.V. and Wiedemann, T. (2003) ‘A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attractive urban green spaces’ in Landscape and Urban Planning 63, 109–126.
  • [7]. Hartig, T., Evansb, G.W., Jamnerc, L.D., Davisd, D.S. and Garling, T. (2003) ‘Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings’, in Journal of Environmental Psychology 23, 109–123.
  • [8]. Richardson, M.D., Karcher, D.E., Hignight, K.W. and Rush, D. (2009) ‘Turfgrass cultivars for water limited Environments’ in Proceedings from the International Workshop on Summer Dormancy in Grasses-coping with increasing aridity and heat under climate change, April 6-8, Ardmore, OK.
  • [9]. Robbins, P. and Sharp, J. (2003) ‘Producing and consuming Chemicals: The moral economy of the American lawn’ in Economic Geography, 79, 425-451.
  • [10]. Cisar, J.L. (2004) 'Managing Turf Sustainably, New directions for a diverse planet’ in Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress,26 Sept-1 Oct, Brisbane, Australia.
  • [11]. Higginson, R. and McMaugh, P. (2008) ‘The Environmental, Social, Economic and Health Benefits of Turfgrasses’ A literature Review in Final Report, Project No.TU07034, Horticulture Australia LTD.
  • [12]. Rogers, W. (1991) ‘Turf’s Role in Today’s Multi-use Landscape Designs – An Architect’s Viewpoint’ in Journal of Environmental Turfgrass 3(1): 3.
  • [13]. Denly, E., Rutkowski, K. and Vetrano, K.M. (2008) A Review of the Potential Health and Safety Risks from Synthetic Turf Fields containing Crumb Rubber Infill. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, USA. 200pp.
  • [14]. Health Alert Network (2008 ) Potential Exposure to Lead in Artificial Turf: Public Health Issues, Actions and Recommendations. Health Alert Network Press Release of June 18th.
  • [15]. Beard, J.B and Kenna, M.P. (2008) Water Quality and Quantity Issues for Turfgrasses in Urban Landscapes. Iowa: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Special Publication, No.27, 298pp.
  • [16]. Clark, J.M. and Kenna, M.P. (2000) 'Fate and Management of Turfgrass Chemicals', in ACS Symposium No.743, the American Chemical Society, Washington, DC., pp.480.
  • [17]. Koehler, F.A., Humenik, F.J., Johnson, D.D., Kreglow J.M., Dressing, S.A. and Maas, R.P. (1982) Best management practices for agricultural nonpoint source control: II. Commercial Fertilizer. USDA Coop. Agree. 12-05-300-472. USEPA Interagency Agree. AD-12-F-0-037-0. North Carolina Agric. Ext. Serv., Raleigh, NC.
  • [18]. Jenkins, V.S. (1994) The lawn: A history of an American Obsession. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press.
  • [19]. Johnson, P.G. (2008) Native Grasses as Drought-Tolerant Turfgrasses of the Future, in Pessarakli, M. (ed.) Handbook of Turfgrass Management and Physiology. Boca Raton, FL:Taylor and Francis Group.
  • [20]. Park, D. M., Cisar, J. L., Snyder, G. H., Erickson, J. E., Daroub, S. H. and Williams, K. E. (2005) 'Comparison of actual and predicted water budgets from two contrasting residential landscapes in South Florida', in International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 10, 885-889.
  • [21]. Martin, P.M. (2004) ‘The potential of native grasses for use as managed turf’ in Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. Brisbane, Australia. 26 Sep to 10 Oct, pp.17.
  • [22]. Croce, P., De Luca, A., Mocioni, M. Volterrani, M., and Beard, J.B. (2001) ‘Warm-season turfgrass species and cultivar characterizations for a Mediterranean climate’ in Intl. Turf. Soc. Res. J. 9:855–859.
  • [23]. Volterrani, M., Grossi N., Pardini,G., Miele, S., Gaetani, M. and Magni, S. (1997) ‘Warm season turfgrass adaptation’ in Italy. Intl. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 8, 1344–1354.
  • [24]. Bormann, F.H. and Balmori, D. (1993) Redesigning the American lawn. Yale Univ. Press, Binghamton, NY.
  • [25]. Brian, I., Bravdo,B., Bushkin-Harav, I. and Rawitz, E. (1981) ‘ Water consumption and growth rate of 11 turfgrasses as affected by mowing height, irrigation frequency, and soil moisture’, Agron. J. 73, 85-90.
  • [26]. Beard, J.B. (1989) ‘Turfgrass water stress: Drought resistance components, physiological mechanisms, and species-genotype’, in Takatoh H. (ed.). Proc. Intl. Turf Res. Conf., 6th, Tokyo, 31 July–5 Aug., Jpn. Soc. Turfgrass Sci., p. 23-28.
  • [27]. Moore, K.J., Boote, K.J. and Sanderson, M.A. (2004) Physiology and developmental morphology, In, Moser L.E., Burson, B.L. and Sollenberger, L.E. (eds.). Warm-season (C4) grasses. Monogr. No. 45. Amer. Soc. Agron., Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Madison, WI. pp. 179-216.
  • [28]. Wedin, D.A. (2004) C4 Grasses: Resource use, ecology and global change,.In, Moser L.E., Burson, B.L. and Sollenberger, L.E. (eds.). Warm-season (C4) grasses. Monogr. No. 45. Amer. Soc. Agron., Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Madison, WI. pp. 15-50.
  • [29]. Severmutlu, S., Mutlu, Shearman, R.C., Gurbuz, E. Gulsen, O., Hocagil, M., Karaguzel, O., Heng-Moss, T., Riordan, T.P. and Gaussoin, R.E. (2011a) ‘Establishment and Turf Qualities of Warm-season Turfgrasses in the Mediterranean Region’ in Horttechnology, 21(1), 67-81.
  • [30]. Severmutlu, S., Mutlu, N., Gurbuz, E. Gulsen, O., Hocagil, M., Karaguzel, O., Heng-Moss, T., Shearman, R.C. and Gaussoin, R.E. (2011b) ‘Drought Resistance of Warm-season Turfgrasses Grown in Mediterranean Region of Turkey’ in Horttechnology, 21(6), 726-736. [31]. Short, D.C. and Colmer, T.D. (2007) ‘Development and use of a variable-speed lateral boom irrigation system to definewater requirements of 11 turfgrass genotypes under field conditions’ in Aust. J. Exp. Agr. 47, 86–95.
  • [32]. Council of Australian Goverments (2004) National Water Initiative, http://www.coag.gov.au/meetings/25060/#nwi.
  • [33]. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (2010) Applicable rules for reuse projects, chap.62-610, Reuse of reclaimed water and land application, http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/reuse/index.html.
  • [34]. California State Water Resources Control Board (2011) Porter-Cologne Act provisions on reasonableness and reaclimation promotion. California Water Code, Section 13552-13577, http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_laws/index.html.
  • [35]. Pathan, S.M., Barton L. and Colmer, T.D. (2003) Evaluation of a soil moisture sensor to reduce water and nutrient leaching in turf. Project TU02006, Horticulture Australia Limited, Sydney, Australia.
  • [36]. Emekli, Y., Bastug, R., Buyuktas, D. and Emekli, N.Y. (2007) 'Evaluation of a crop water stress index for irrigation scheduling of bermudagrass' in Agricultural Water Management, 90, 205-212.
  • [37]. Short, D. and Colmer, T. (1999) ‘Update on WA water use study: a comparison of eleven turfgrass genotypes during the summer in Perth’ in Australian Turfgrass Management 1(5), Oct-Nov 1999.
  • [38]. Severmutlu, S., Mutlu, Gurbuz, and Riordan, T.P. (2012) ‘Effects of Seasonal Application of Trinexapac-Ethyl on Warm-season Turfgrass Species growth under Mediterranean Environment’ submitted.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Special
Authors

Songül Sever Mutlu This is me

Ceren Selim

Publication Date April 24, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 38 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sever Mutlu, S., & Selim, C. (2017). Sustainable Landscaping with Turfgrasses. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 38(2), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.308379
AMA Sever Mutlu S, Selim C. Sustainable Landscaping with Turfgrasses. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. April 2017;38(2):187-193. doi:10.17776/cumuscij.308379
Chicago Sever Mutlu, Songül, and Ceren Selim. “Sustainable Landscaping With Turfgrasses”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 38, no. 2 (April 2017): 187-93. https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.308379.
EndNote Sever Mutlu S, Selim C (April 1, 2017) Sustainable Landscaping with Turfgrasses. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 38 2 187–193.
IEEE S. Sever Mutlu and C. Selim, “Sustainable Landscaping with Turfgrasses”, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 187–193, 2017, doi: 10.17776/cumuscij.308379.
ISNAD Sever Mutlu, Songül - Selim, Ceren. “Sustainable Landscaping With Turfgrasses”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 38/2 (April 2017), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.17776/cumuscij.308379.
JAMA Sever Mutlu S, Selim C. Sustainable Landscaping with Turfgrasses. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;38:187–193.
MLA Sever Mutlu, Songül and Ceren Selim. “Sustainable Landscaping With Turfgrasses”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 38, no. 2, 2017, pp. 187-93, doi:10.17776/cumuscij.308379.
Vancouver Sever Mutlu S, Selim C. Sustainable Landscaping with Turfgrasses. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;38(2):187-93.

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