Poisonous Plants for Cats and Dogs Kept in House 1: Dieffenbachia spp., Melia azedarach, Ricinus communis, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Narcissus spp.

Abstract

Poisonous plants are responsible for many poisoning events. These plants are commonly grown in homes and gardens and are eaten by dogs and cats. In this context, it was dealt with poisonous effects of especially Dieffenbachia spp., chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach), castor bean (Ricinus communis), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and daffodil (Narcissus spp.) from plants leading to poisoning, grown commonly in parks, gardens, and homes, in our country. The plant species leading to poisoning for both dogs and cats were presented in Table. In addition, comprehensive information was presented on their adverse effects in different organ and tissues occurring in the result that they are eaten by dogs and cats, their clinical signs, and their treatments. The concise knowledge was given on the required measures for preventing poisoning of animals kept in home with these plants in also our country, as in world countries.

Keywords

• Dogs
• cats
• poisonous plants

References

1. Referans1 Albretsen, J.C., Gwaltney-Brant, S.M., and Khan, S.A., 2000. Evaluation of castor bean toxicosis in dogs: 98 cases. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 36 (3), 229-233. DOI number: 10.5326/15473317-36-3-229
2. Referans2 Akça, H., Polat, E., Tuygun, N., Gürcan Kaya, N., ve Demir Karacan, C., 2014. Evdeki Tehlike: Difenbahya. Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine Case Reports/Akademik Acil Tıp Olgu Sunumları Dergisi, 5 (4), 107-109. DOI number: 10.5152/jaemcr.2014.47568
3. Referans3 Anadón, A., Martínez-Larrañaga, M.R., and Castellano, V., 2012. Poisonous plants of Europe. In: Gupta RC, editor. Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles. 2nd ed. San Diego: Elsevier.
4. Referans4 Anon, 2007. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Refik saydam Hıfzıssıhha Merkezi Başkanlığı, Hıfzıssıhha Mektebi Müdürlüğü, Birinci Basamağa Yönelik Zehirlenmeler Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberleri, Bitkilerle Zehirlenmeler, 712, 171-3.
5. Referans5 Anon, 2020. “Poinsettia poisoning in dogs”. https://wagwalking.com/condition/poinsettia-poisoning. Access Date: 04.02.2020.
6. Referans6 Audi, J., Belson, M., Patel, M., Schier, J., and Osterloh, J., 2005. Ricin poisoning: A comprehensive review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294 (18), 2342-2351. DOI number: 10.1001/jama.294.18.2342
7. Referans7 Bradberry, S.M., Dickers, K.J., Rice, P., Griffiths, G.D., and Vale, J.A., 2003. Ricin poisoning. Toxicological Reviews, 22 (1), 65-70. DOI number: 10.2165/00139709-200322010-00007
8. Referans8 Bailey, Jr EM., 2013. Ricin. In: Petersen ME, Talcott PA, editors. Small Animal Toxicology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders.

9. Referans9 Botha, C.J., and Penrith, M.L., 2009. Potential plant poisonings in dogs and cats in southern Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 80 (2), 63–74. DOI number: 10.4102/jsava.v80i2.173.
10. Referans10 Campbell, A., and Chapman, M., 2000. Handbook of poisoning in dogs and cats. London: Blackwell Science.
11. Referans11 Campbell, A., and Chapman, M., 2008. Handbook of poisoning in dogs and cats: John Wiley & Sons.
12. Referans12 Chiu, K., Lee, Y., and Yung, K., 1992. Bioactive substances from the Chinese daffodil, Narcissus tazetta. Phytotherapy Research, 6 (5), 231-236.
13. Referans13 Cooper, R.G., 2007. Poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants-field observations. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 39 (6), 439-442. DOI number: 10.1007/s11250-007-9044-y.
14. Referans14 Cortinovis, C., and Caloni, F., 2013. Epidemiology of intoxication of domestic animals by plants in Europe. Veterinary Journal, 197 (2), 163–168. DOI number: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.007.
15. Referans15 Cortinovis, C., and Caloni, F., 2017. Plants Toxic to Farm and Companion Animals. Page: 107-134.
16. Referans16 Doan, L.G., 2004. Ricin mechanism of toxicity, clinical manifestation, and vaccine development. Clinical Toxicology, 42 (2), 201-208. DOI number: 10.1081/clt-120030945.
17. Referans17 Ferreiro, D., Orozco, J.P., Mirón, C., Real, T., Hernández-Moreno, D., Soler, F., Perez-Lopez, M., 2010. Chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach) poisoning in dog: a case report. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 25 (1), 64–67. DOI number: 10.1053/j.tcam.2009.07.001
18. Referans18 Fitzgerald, K.T., 2010. Lily toxicity in the cat. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 25 (4), 213-217. DOI number: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006
19. Referans19 Ge, J-J., Wang, L-T., Chen, P., Zhang, Y., Lei, X-X., Ye, X-X., 2016. Two new tetracyclic triterpenoids from the barks of Melia azedarach. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 18 (1), 20–25. DOI number: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1124866
20. Referans20 Gwaltney-Brant, S.M., 2013. Christmastime plants. In: Petersen ME, Talcott PA, editors. Small Animal Toxicology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders.
21. Referans21 Hare, W., Garland, T., and Barr, A., 1998. Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) poisoning in animals. Toxic Plants and Other Natural Toxicants. CAB International, Wallingford, 514-516.
22. Referans22 Kızıl, Ö., and Çiftçi, Ü., 2018. Kedi ve köpeklerde bitkisel zehirlenmeler. Fırat University Journal of Health Sciences (Veterinary), 32 (1), 69-73.
23. Referans23 Knight, A.P., 2007. A guide to poisonous house and garden plants. Jackson: Teton, NewMedia.
24. Referans24 Kretzing, S., Abraham, G., Seiwert, B., Ungemach, F.R., Krugel, U., and Regenthal, R., 2011. Dose-dependent emetic effects of the Amaryllidaceous alkaloid lycorine in beagle dogs. Toxicon, 57 (1), 117-124. DOI number:10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.10.012
25. Referans25 Lord, J.M., Roberts, L.M., and Robertus, J.D., 1994. Ricin: structure, mode of action, and some current applications. FASEB Journal, 8 (2), 201-208.
26. Referans26 Loretti, A.P., da Silva Ilha, M.R., and Ribeiro, R.E., 2003. Accidental fatal poisoning of a dog by Dieffenbachia picta (dumb cane). Veterinary Human Toxicology, 45 (5), 233–239.
27. Referans27 Mahdi, A., and van der Merwe, D., 2013. Dog and cat exposures to hazardous substances reported to the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory: 2009-2012. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 9 (2), 207-211. DOI number:10.1007/s13181-013-0289-8
28. Referans28 Méndez, C., Aragão, M., Fabiana, E., Riet-Correa, F., and Juan Gimeno, E., 2002. Experimental intoxication by the leaves of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) in cattle. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 22 (1), 19-24.
29. Referans29 Müller, N., Glaus, T., and Gardelle, O., 1998. Extensive stomach ulcers due to Dieffenbachia intoxication in a cat. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere, 26, 404-407.
30. Referans30 Pan, X., Matsumoto, M., Nishimoto, Y., Ogihara, E., Zhang, J., Ukiya, M., Tokuda, H., Koike, K., Akihisa, M., and Akihisa, T., 2014. Cytotoxic and nitric oxide production-inhibitory activities of limonoids and other compounds from the leaves and bark of Melia azedarach. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 11 (8), 1121–1139. DOI number: 10.1002/cbdv.201400190
31. Referans31 Panter, K.E., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., and Green, B.T., 2013. Poisonous plants: effects on embryo and fetal development. Birth Defects Research Part C Embryo Today, 99, 223–234.
32. Referans32 Peterson, K., Beymer, J., Rudloff, E., and O’Brien, M., 2009. Airway obstruction in a dog after Dieffenbachia ingestion. Journal of Veterinary Emergency Critical Care (San Antonio), 19 (6), 635-639. DOI number: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00486.x
33. Referans33 Phua, D.H., Tsai, W.J., Ger, J., Deng, J.F., and Yang, C.C., 2008. Human Melia azedarach poisoning. Clinical Toxicology, 46 (10), 1067-1070. DOI number:10.1080/15563650802310929
34. Referans34 Plumlee, K., 2003. Clinical Veterinary Toxicology-E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences.
35. Referans35 Poppenga, R.H., 2017. Chapter 19. Toxicological emergencies. Lesley G. King, Amanda Boag (eds). BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care, Second edition, p. 278-294.
36. Referans36 Oelrichs, P.B., Hill, M.W., Vallely, P.J., MacLeod, J.K., and Molinski, T.F., 1983. Toxic tetranortriterpenes of the fruit of Melia azedarach. Phytochemistry, 22 (2), 531-534.
37. Referans37 Severino L., 2009. Toxic plants and companion animals. CAB Reviews, 4, 1-8.
38. Referans38 Saxon-Buri, S., 2004. Daffodil toxicosis in an adult cat. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 45 (3), 248-250.
39. Referans39 Soto-Blanco, B., Sinhorini, I.L., Gorniak, S.L., and Schumaher-Henrique, B., 2002. Ricinus communis cake poisoning in a dog. Veterinary Human Toxicology, 44 (3), 155-156.
40. Referans40 Sueda, K.L.C., Hart, B.L., and Cliff, K.D., 2008. Characterisation of plant eating in dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 111 (1-2), 120-132.
41. Referans41 Tiwari, R.M., and Sinha,M., 2010. Veterinary Toxicology. Oxford Book Company, Jaipur, India.
42. Referans42 Worbs, S., Köhler, K., Pauly, D., Avondet, M.A., Schaer, M., Dorner, M.B., and Dorner, B.G., 2011. Ricinus communis intoxications in human and veterinary medicine-a summary of real cases. Toxins, 3 (10), 1332–1372. DOI number: 103390/toxins3101332
43. Referans43 Yılmaz, H., Akpınar, E., and Yılmaz, H. 2006. Peyzaj mimarlığı çalışmalarında kullanılan bazı süs bitkilerinin toksikolojik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 (1), 82-95.