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Kültürleşmenin Kişisel İyi Oluşla İlişkisi: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Yaşayan Türklerden Bulgular

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 46 - 60, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.994503

Abstract

Günümüzde uluslararası göç, birçok etnik grubun kültürel olarak farklı toplumlarda yaşamasına neden olmuştur. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki yaşayan Türk göçmenler sayısı giderek artan bu etnik gruplardan birisidir. Artan Türk nüfusuna rağmen, kültürleşmenin Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde yaşayan Türk göçmenlerin kişisel iyi oluşlarını nasıl etkileyebileceğine dair pek az araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde ikamet eden Türk göçmenlerin kişisel iyi oluşları, miras kültürleri ile ev sahibi kültürün ne ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmaya yaşları 19 ile 69 arasında değişen (ort. = 39.39) Amerikan vatandaşı 306 Türk dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, Vancouver Kültürleşme İndeksi, Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği, Pozitif ve Negatif Duygulanım Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve demografik özellikleri kapsayan anket formlarını tamamlamıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların daha yüksek düzeyde miras kültür ve ev sahibi kültüre katılım sağladıkları ve kültürleştikleri, yaşamlarından memnun ve olumlu duygulanım puanlarının yüksek olduğu ve daha düşük düzeyde de olumsuz duygulanım puanlarına sahip oldukları anlaşılmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında herhangi bir cinsiyet farkı bulunmamıştır. Bu çalışmada kültürleşme; yaşam doyumu ve olumlu duygulanımla olumlu olarak ilişkili iken olumsuz duygulanımla da olumsuz ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ev sahibi kültürü ile kültürleşme, demografik özellikleri kontrol ettikten sonra yaşamdan memnuniyet, olumlu ve olumsuz duygulanımı özgün bir şekilde açıklamaktadır. Bu bulgular, Türk göçmenler için kişisel iyi oluşu artırmada ve gelecekteki araştırmaları ilerletmede ev sahibi kültürü ile kültürleşmenin özgün önemini vurgulamaktadır.

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How is Acculturation Linked to Subjective Wellbeing: Evidence from Turkish Immigrants in the United States

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 46 - 60, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.994503

Abstract

Today, international migration has caused many ethnic groups to live in culturally diverse societies. Turkish immigrants in the United States is one of those ethnic groups whose population is growing. Despite the growing Turkish population, there is currently little research on how acculturation can influence the subjective wellbeing of Turkish immigrants living in the United States. This study sought to examine to what extent heritage and host acculturations were associated with the subjective wellbeing of Turkish immigrants residing in the United States. The study included 306 foreign-born Turkish Americans who are between 19 to 69 years old (mean = 39.39). They completed the Vancouver Index of Acculturation, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Short-Form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The results showed that participants reported higher levels of heritage and host acculturation, satisfaction with life and positive affect, and lower levels of negative affect. No gender differences were reported across these variables. Acculturation was positively related to satisfaction with life and positive affect and negatively related with negative affect. Host acculturation uniquely predicted satisfaction with life, positive affect, and negative affect after controlling for demographic characteristics. These findings highlight the unique importance of host acculturation in enhancing subjective wellbeing for Turkish immigrants and advance future research in this area.

References

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  • Alba, R., Reitz, J.G., and Simon, P. (2012). National conceptions of assimilation, integration, and cohesion. In M. Crul & J. Mollenkopf (Eds.), The changing face of world cities: Young adult children of immigrants in Europe and the United States (pp. 41-61). Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Altschiller, D. (1995). Turkish Americans. In J. Galens, A. Sheets, & R. V. Young (Ed.), Gale encyclopedia of multicultural America (pp. 1364-1368). Gale Research.
  • Amer, M. M., & Hovey, J. D. (2007). Socio-demographic differences in acculturation and mental health for a sample of 2nd generation/early immigrant Arab Americans. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 9(4), 335-347. Doi: 10.1007/s10903-007-9045-y
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  • Balidemaj, A., & Small, M. (2018). Acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological wellbeing of Albanian-American immigrants in the United States. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 11(4), 712-730. Doi: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1556717
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  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology and International Review, 55(3), 303-332. Doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
  • Bloemraad, Irene, & de Graauw. Els. (2012). Immigrant integration and policy in the United States: A loosely stitched patchwork. In James Frideres & John Biles (Eds.), International perspectives: integration and inclusion (pp. 205-232). Queen's Studies Series, McGill-Queen's University Press. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc0m8bm
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  • Carlson, E., & Güler, A. (2018). Cultural involvement and preference in immigrant acculturation. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 19(3), 625-647. Doi: 10.1007/s12134-018-0554-4
  • Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255. Doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
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  • Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2002). Subjective wellbeing: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C.R. Snyder & S.J. Lopez (Ed.), Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
  • Diener, E., Pressman, S. D., Hunter, J., & Delgadillo‐Chase, D. (2017). If, why, and when subjective well‐being influences health and future needed research. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 9(2), 133-167. Doi: 10.1111/aphw.12090
  • Diener, Ed, Robert A. Emmons, Randy J. L., & Sharon Griffin. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1),71-75. Doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Dimitrova, R., Bender, M., Chasiotis, A., & van, d. V. (2013). Ethnic identity and acculturation of Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(1), 1-10. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.04.005
  • Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1-11. Doi: 10.3758/BF03203630
  • Ferguson, G. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2012). Remote acculturation: The “Americanization” of Jamaican islanders. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 36(3), 167-177. Doi: 10.1177/0165025412437066
  • Gezentsvey Lamy, M. A., Ward, C., & Liu, J. H. (2013). Motivation for ethno-cultural continuity. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(7), 1047-1066. Doi: 10.1177/0022022113478657
  • Gordon, M. M. (1964). Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion, and national origins. Oxford University Press.
  • Güler, A. (2016). The effects of ethnic identity in acculturation and psychological wellbeing among Turkish immigrants in the United States (Doctoral Dissertation, Hacettepe University).
  • Güler, A. (2019). Acculturation process of Turkish immigrants in the United States. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, (37), 1-13. Doi: 10.30794/pausbed.543991
  • Gunasekara, A., Grant, S., & Rajendran, D. (2019). Years since migration and wellbeing among Indian and Sri Lankan skilled migrants in Australia: Mediating effects of acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 70, 42-52. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.02.006
  • Halman, T. (1980). Turks. In S. Thernstrom, (ed.), Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups (pp. xxv, 1076). Belknap Press.
  • Hashemi, N., Marzban, M., Sebar, B., & Harris, N. (2019). Acculturation and psychological wellbeing among Middle Eastern migrants in Australia: The mediating role of social support and perceived discrimination. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 72, 45-60. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.07.002
  • Hernandez, D. J., Denton, N. A., & Macartney, S. E. (2007). Family circumstances of children in immigrant families: Looking to the future of America. In J. E. Lansford, K. Deater-Deckard, & M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Immigrant families in contemporary society (pp. 9-29). Guilford Press.
  • Jetten, J., Branscombe, N. R., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Jones, J. M., . . . Murphy, S. (2015). Having a lot of a good thing: Multiple important group memberships as a source of self-esteem. PloS One, 10(6), 1-29. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124609
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdurrahim Güler 0000-0002-0317-8221

Murat Yıldırım 0000-0003-1089-1380

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Acceptance Date November 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güler, A., & Yıldırım, M. (2021). How is Acculturation Linked to Subjective Wellbeing: Evidence from Turkish Immigrants in the United States. Current Research in Social Sciences, 7(2), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.994503